Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji)

:

• Tricholoma shimeji
• Lyophyllum shimeji

Mpaka posachedwa, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti Lyophyllum shimeji ( Lyophyllum shimeji ) imagawidwa kokha kudera lochepa lomwe limaphimba nkhalango za pine ku Japan ndi mbali za Far East. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, panali mitundu yosiyana, Lyophyllum fumosum (L. smoky imvi), yogwirizana ndi nkhalango, makamaka conifers, magwero ena amawafotokozera kuti ndi mycorrhiza wakale ndi pine kapena spruce, kunja mofanana kwambiri ndi L.decastes ndi L. .chimeji. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa mamolekyulu asonyeza kuti kulibe mtundu umodzi woterewu ulipo, ndipo zonse zomwe zapezedwa zomwe zili m'gulu la L.fumosum ndi zitsanzo za L.decastes (zofala kwambiri) kapena L.shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) (zocheperako, m'nkhalango za paini). Choncho, kuyambira lero (2018), mitundu ya L.fumosum yathetsedwa, ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi yofanana ndi L.decastes, ikukulitsa kwambiri malo otsirizawa, pafupifupi "kulikonse". Chabwino, L.shimeji, monga momwe zinakhalira, amakula osati ku Japan ndi Far East, koma amafalitsidwa kwambiri kudera lonse la boreal kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Japan, ndipo, m'malo ena, amapezeka m'nkhalango za pine za nyengo yotentha. . Zimasiyana ndi L. decastes kokha zazikulu fruiting matupi ndi thicker miyendo, kukula ang'onoang'ono aggregates kapena payokha, ubwenzi ndi youma nkhalango paini, ndipo, chabwino, pa maselo msinkhu.

Chipewa: 4 - 7 centimita. Muunyamata, otukukirani, ndi kutchulidwa apangidwe m'mphepete. Ndi ukalamba, imatuluka, imakhala yopingasa pang'ono kapena pafupifupi kugwada, pakati pa kapu nthawi zonse pamakhala tubercle yotsika kwambiri. Khungu la kapu ndi pang'ono matte, yosalala. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala wamtundu wa imvi ndi bulauni, kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka wotuwa wakuda, ukhoza kukhala ndi mithunzi yachikasu yotuwa. Pa kapu, mawanga akuda a hygrophan ndi mikwingwirima yozungulira nthawi zambiri amawoneka bwino, nthawi zina pangakhale kachitidwe kakang'ono ka hygrophobic mu mawonekedwe a "mesh".

Mbale: pafupipafupi, yopapatiza. Zomasuka kapena zakula pang'ono. Zoyera mu zitsanzo zazing'ono, pambuyo pake mdima wa beige kapena imvi.

Mwendo: 3 - 5 centimita muutali ndi mpaka centimita imodzi ndi theka m'mimba mwake, cylindrical. White kapena imvi. Pamwamba pake ndi yosalala, mwina silky kapena fibrous kukhudza. Muzomera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bowa, miyendo imamangirizidwa mwamphamvu wina ndi mzake.

Mphete, chophimba, Volvo: palibe.

Zamkati: wandiweyani, woyera, wotuwa pang'ono mu tsinde, zotanuka. Sasintha mtundu pa odulidwa ndi yopuma.

Fungo ndi kulawa: zosangalatsa, pang'ono nutty kukoma.

Spore ufa: woyera.

Spores: kuzungulira mpaka ku ellipsoid yotakata. Zosalala, zopanda mtundu, hyaline kapena zokhala ndi zowoneka bwino zamkati mwa cell, amyloid pang'ono. Ndi kufalikira kwakukulu mu kukula, 5.2 - 7.4 x 5.0 - 6.5 µm.

Imakula pa dothi, zinyalala, imakonda nkhalango zouma za paini.

Kukula kwa zipatso kumachitika mu Ogasiti - Seputembala.

Lyophyllum shimeji imakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono komanso m'magulu, nthawi zambiri paokha.

Amagawidwa ku Eurasia kuchokera kuzilumba za Japan kupita ku Scandinavia.

Bowa ndi wodyedwa. Ku Japan, Lyophyllum shimeji, wotchedwa Hon-shimeji kumeneko, amaonedwa kuti ndi bowa wokoma kwambiri.

Lyophyllum yodzaza (Lyophyllum decastes) imameranso m'magulu, koma masangowa amakhala ndi matupi ochulukirapo. Imakonda nkhalango zophukira. Nthawi ya fruiting ndi July mpaka October.

Elm lyophyllum (bowa wa Elm oyster, Hypsizygus ulmarius) amaonedwanso kuti ndi ofanana kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa madontho ozungulira a hygrophan pachipewa. Bowa wa oyisitara ali ndi matupi obala zipatso okhala ndi tsinde lalitali ndipo mtundu wa kapu nthawi zambiri umakhala wopepuka kuposa wa Lyophyllum shimeji. Komabe, kusiyana kwakunja kumeneku sikuli kofunikira, ngati mumayang'anitsitsa chilengedwe. Bowa wa oyster samamera panthaka, amamera pamitengo yakufa ya mitengo yophukira: pazitsa ndi zotsalira za nkhuni zomizidwa m'nthaka.

Dzina la mtundu wa Shimeji limachokera ku mitundu ya ku Japan yotchedwa Hon-shimeji kapena Hon-shimejitake. Koma kwenikweni, ku Japan, pansi pa dzina lakuti "Simeji", mungapeze zogulitsa osati Lyophyllum shimeji, komanso, mwachitsanzo, lyophyllum ina yomwe imalimidwa kumeneko, elm.

Chithunzi: Vyacheslav