Zizindikiro zofatsa, zokhazikika zimangoyang'aniridwa kuchipatala panthawi yakuyesedwa kwamankhwala pachaka.

Mankhwala

Zilankhulo. Alpha blockers amathandizira kumasula ulusi wosalala mu prostate ndi khosi la chikhodzodzo. Izi zimathandizira chikhodzodzo kutulutsa ndi kukodza kulikonse, ndikuchepetsa kukakamizidwa pafupipafupi kukodza. Banja la alpha blocker limaphatikizapo tamsulosin (Flomax®), terazosin (Hytrin®), doxazosin (Cardura®) ndi alfuzosin (Xatral®). Mphamvu yawo yogwira ntchito ikufanana. Ubwino wake umamveka mwachangu, atalandira chithandizo cha 1 kapena masiku awiri. Ena mwa mankhwalawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa matenda oopsa, koma tamsulosin ndi alfuzosin makamaka amachiza benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Ena mwa mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa chizungulire, kutopa, kapena kuthamanga magazi. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathanso kupezeka ngati alpha blockers amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a erectile (sildenafil, vardenafil, kapena tadalafil). Kambiranani ndi dokotala wake.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Mitundu yamankhwala iyi, yomwe finasteride (Proscar®) ndi dutasteride (Avodart®) ndi gawo limodzi, amachepetsa kupanga dihydrotestosterone. 5-alpha-reductase ndi hormone yomwe imasintha testosterone kukhala metabolite yake, dihydrotestosterone. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri mankhwalawa kumachitika miyezi 3 mpaka 6 mankhwala atayamba. Pali kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa prostate pafupifupi 25 mpaka 30%. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti erectile iwonongeke pafupifupi 4% mwa amuna omwe amawamwa. Zowonjezereka, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi alpha blockers.

zolemba. Finasteride amachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya prostate, malinga ndi kafukufuku wamkulu yemwe adachitika mu 2003 (Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial)⁷. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mu kafukufukuyu, ofufuzawo adazindikira kuyanjana pakati pa kumwa finasteride ndi kuzindikira pafupipafupi mtundu wa khansa ya prostate. Malingaliro akuti finasteride amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansa yayikulu ya prostate kuyambira pomwe adatsutsidwa. Zadziwika tsopano kuti kudziwika kwa khansa yamtunduwu kudathandizidwa ndikuti kukula kwa prostate kudatsika. Prostate yaying'ono imathandizira kuzindikira zotupa.

Zofunika. Onetsetsani kuti dokotala amene wamasulira fomu ya Kuyezetsa magazi kwa prostate (PSA) imadziwa zamankhwala ndi finasteride, yomwe imachepetsa milingo ya PSA. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuyesaku, onani pepala lathu la Prostate Cancer.

Kuphatikiza mankhwala. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kutenga alpha blocker ndi 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza kwa mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala kungakhale kothandiza kuposa imodzi mwa kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zake.

Opaleshoni

Ngati mankhwala samabweretsa kusintha, chithandizo chamankhwala chitha kuganiziridwa. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 60, odwala 10 mpaka 30% amayamba kuchipatala kuti athetse vuto la prostatic hyperplasia. Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira pakagwa zovuta.

Kutulutsanso kwa prostate kapena TURP. Uku ndikulowererapo komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa chothandiza bwino. Chida chotchedwa endoscopic chimayambitsidwa kudzera mu mtsempha kupita pachikhodzodzo. Amalola kuchiritsa kwa ziwalo za prostate. Ntchitoyi imatha kuchitidwa ndi laser.

Pafupifupi 80% ya amuna omwe amatsata njirayi amakhala ndi kubwezeretsa kumveka : mmalo mokhala umuna, umunawo umalunjika m'chikhodzodzo. Ntchito za Erectile zimakhalabe zachilendo.

Mfundo. Kuphatikiza pa TURP, njira zina, zochepa zowononga zitha kuwononga minofu yambiri ya prostate: ma microwaves (TUMT), ma radiofrequency (TUNA) kapena ultrasound. Kusankha njira kumatengera pakati pazinthu zina kuchuluka kwa minofu yomwe ikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Nthawi zina timachubu tating'onoting'ono timayikidwa mu mkodzo kuti njirayi izitseguka. Opaleshoniyo imagwiridwa pansi pa dzanzi kapena lotha kupweteka, ndipo limatha pafupifupi mphindi 90. Kuchokera pa 10% mpaka 15% ya omwe adachita opareshoni atha kuchitidwanso opaleshoni yachiwiri mkati mwa zaka 10 za opaleshoniyi.

Transurethral incision ya prostate kapena ITUP. Ntchito yowonetsedwa ya hypertrophy yofatsa ndiyokulitsa urethra pakupanga pang'ono pakhosi la chikhodzodzo, m'malo mochepetsa kukula kwa prostate. Opaleshoni imeneyi imathandiza pokodza. Zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa chazovuta. Kugwira ntchito kwake kwanthawi yayitali kumatsimikiziridwa.

Opaleshoni yotseguka. Prostate ikakhala yayikulu (80 mpaka 100 g) kapena zovuta zimafunikira (nthawi zosungira mkodzo mobwerezabwereza, kuwonongeka kwa impso, ndi zina zambiri), opaleshoni yotseguka imatha kuwonetsedwa. Opaleshoni yovutayi imachitidwa pansi pa anesthesia ndipo imaphatikizapo kupanga timbewu m'mimba kuti tithe kuchotsa gawo la prostate gland. Njirayi imatha kubweretsanso kukodzedwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi transurethral resection. Chotsatira china chotheka cha opaleshoniyo ndi kusadziletsa kwamikodzo.