matenda

Pakati pa matendawa, nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zimapezeka (malungo, thukuta usiku, chifuwa chosalekeza, ndi zina zambiri). Dokotala amadalira izi, komanso zotsatira za mayeso ndi mayeso otsatirawa.

Kuyesa khungu. Kuyezetsa khungu kumatha kuzindikira kupezeka kwa bacillus wa Koch mthupi. Mwa munthu yemwe wangotenga kumene kachilomboka, mayesowa apezeka patadutsa milungu 4 mpaka 10 atadwala. Tuberculin yaying'ono (puroteni yoyeretsedwa kuchokera ku Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu) jakisoni pansi pa khungu. Ngati khungu limapezeka pamalo obayira (kufiira kapena kutupa) kwa maola 48 mpaka 72 otsatira, izi zikuwonetsa matenda. Zotsatira zake ndizoti alibe, dokotala atha kunena kuti akayesenso kachiwiri pakatha milungu ingapo.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro za kutsokomola kosalekeza, mwachitsanzo, X-ray ya chifuwa idzauzidwa kuti ayang'ane momwe mapapo alili. Pakutsatira, x-ray imathandizanso kuti muwone momwe matendawa akuyendera.

Mayeso achilengedwe pamiyeso yobisalira m'mapapo. Zimbudzi zimayang'aniridwa kaye ndi microscope kuti ziwone ngati mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mchisacho ndi gawo la banja la mycobacteria (Koch's bacillus ndi mycobacterium). Zotsatira za kuyesaku zimapezeka tsiku lomwelo. Tikupitiliza ku chikhalidwe zinsinsi kuzindikira mabakiteriya komanso ngati akulimbana ndi maantibayotiki kapena ayi. Komabe, muyenera kudikirira miyezi iwiri kuti mupeze zotsatira.

Ngati kuyezetsa kwakatikati kukuwonetsa kupezeka kwa mycobacteria ndipo kuwunika kwa zamankhwala kukuwonetsa kuti ndi chifuwa chachikulu, chithandizo chamankhwala opha tizilombo chimayambitsidwa popanda kuyembekezera zotsatira za kuyesa kwachikhalidwe cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilozo zimakhazikika, matendawa amalamulidwa, ndipo munthuyo samakonda kupatsira omwe ali nawo pafupi. Mankhwalawa amatha kukonzedwa, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Mankhwala a maantibayotiki

The maantibayotiki oyamba amatha kugunda TB pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amafunsidwa kuti azikhala kunyumba kapena azivala chigoba pagulu mpaka dokotala atazindikira kuti sangathenso kupatsirana (nthawi zambiri atalandira chithandizo milungu iwiri kapena itatu).

Chithandizo choyamba. Kawirikawiri amalembedwa mankhwala anayi awa ndi isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol ndi pyrazinamide, omwe amatengedwa pakamwa. Kuti zitheke komanso kupha mabakiteriya kwathunthu, chithandizo chamankhwala chimafuna kuti mankhwalawo amwidwe tsiku lililonse kwakanthawi kochepa. miyezi 6, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi 12. Maantibayotiki onsewa amatha kuwononga chiwindi mosiyanasiyana. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse, monga kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, kusowa kwa njala, jaundice (khungu lachikasu), mkodzo wakuda, kapena malungo popanda chifukwa chilichonse.

Chithandizo chachiwiri. Ngati mabakiteriya akugonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki awiri (isoniazid ndi rifampin), amatchedwa multidrug resistance (MDR-TB) ndipo ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a 2^e mzere. Nthawi zina maantibayotiki 4 mpaka 6 amaphatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kutengedwa kwakanthawi, nthawi zina mpaka zaka ziwiri. Zitha kupanganso zovuta zina, mwachitsanzo, dzanzi m'manja kapena m'mapazi, komanso chiwindi cha chiwindi. Ena mwa iwo amawatumizira kudzera m'mitsempha.

Mankhwala a mabakiteriya osagonjetsedwa. Ngati vuto la matenda likugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala angapo omwe amaperekedwa pamzere woyamba kapena wachiwiri, mankhwala owopsa komanso owopsa, omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu chotchedwa TB kapena XDR-TB.

Zowonetsa. THE 'mowa ndiacetaminophen (Tylenol®) amatsutsana panthawi yonse yamankhwala. Zinthu izi zimapanikiza chiwindi ndipo zimatha kubweretsa mavuto.

Zina

Ngati 'chakudya kusowa, kumwa mankhwala a multivitamin ndi mchere kungathandize kuti matendawa asabwerere⁴. Kukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera kuyenera kuyanjidwa kuti tithandizire kuchira, ngati kuli kotheka. Kuti mumve zambiri pazofunikira pakudya moyenera, onani gawo lathu la Idyani Bwino.