Meringue kapena meringue: njira zophika, mbiri komanso zochititsa chidwi

Meringue ikhoza kutchedwa chodabwitsa chophikira - pokhala chophweka kwambiri chopangidwa ndi confectionery kuchokera ku zigawo ziwiri zokha (mapuloteni ndi shuga), amatha kuwoneka ngati chokoma chenicheni. Ndipo nthawi zina zimafuna luso lophikira, komanso chidziwitso chamitundu yambiri. Positi yamasiku ano ya alendo kuchokera ku projekiti ya Manif TV ikuwonetsani zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kuti okonda onse okoma aphunzire.

Meringue kapena meringue?

Meringue ikhoza kutchedwa chodabwitsa chophikira - pokhala chophweka kwambiri chopangidwa ndi confectionery kuchokera ku zigawo ziwiri zokha (mapuloteni ndi shuga), amatha kuwoneka ngati chokoma chenicheni. Ndipo nthawi zina zimafuna luso lophikira, komanso chidziwitso chamitundu yambiri. Positi yamasiku ano ya alendo kuchokera ku projekiti ya Manif TV ikuwonetsani zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kuti okonda onse okoma aphunzire.

Pali lingaliro lakuti meringue ndi meringue si chinthu chomwecho. Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, meringue ndi kirimu cha dzira chopangidwa kuchokera ku azungu akukwapulidwa ndi shuga, ndipo meringue ndi mankhwala otsekemera opangidwa kuchokera ku meringue mu mawonekedwe apadera. Kaya lingaliro ili liri lovomerezeka kapena ayi ndi nkhani yokambirana mosiyana. Komanso m'nkhaniyi, mawu akuti "meringue" amatanthauza ndendende zonona zamapuloteni, ndipo mawu akuti meringue - ophika ophika.

Mawu omwewo "meringue" (fr. Baiser) adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Chifalansa, ndipo amamasuliridwa kuti "kupsopsona". Magwero a mawu akuti "meringue" sali odziwika bwino. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, idachokeranso ku chilankhulo cha Chifalansa, chomwe chidachokera ku Chijeremani, chomwe ndi dzina la mzinda wa Swiss wa Meiringen (German Meiringen), komwe mankhwalawa adayamba kupangidwa ndikuwotchedwa ndi wophika mkate Gasparini. Tsiku la maonekedwe - XVII zaka.

Mofanana ndi zina zambiri zanzeru, meringue anabadwa mwangozi - Gasparini kamodzi anatengeka kwambiri ndi kukwapula mapuloteni kuti anasanduka thovu ozizira. Popeza njonda iyi idakonda zoyesera zophikira, iye, mosazengereza, adatumiza thovu ku uvuni. Chotsatira chake chinali keke ya crispy yomwe inapeza kutchuka mwamsanga pakati pa anthu olemekezeka a m'deralo, ndiyeno pakati pa anthu wamba.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, chophika cha meringue chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano chidawonekera mu cookbook ya chef wotchuka François Massialo.

Pali mtundu womwe Massalo adapanga yekha njira iyi, kuti asataye azungu a dzira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osafunikira. Ndipo adayambitsanso mawu akuti "meringue" kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kaya adapanga yekha Chinsinsichi kapena adadalira zomwe mnzake waku Swiss adakumana nazo sizikudziwika bwino. Komabe, mfundo yoti meringue idatchuka mwachangu chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kuphweka kwake ndi chowonadi.

Maphikidwe a Meringue

Pali maphikidwe atatu a meringue:

• Chifalansa (chimene timachizolowera)
• Swiss
• Chitaliyana

General malamulo kupanga meringues

• Chidebe chomwe mazira amamenyedwa chiyenera kukhala chouma, popanda madontho a madzi ndi mafuta. Dontho limodzi lopenga lamadzi lomwe latsala m'mbali mwa poto kuti limenye mazira - ndipo mutha kuyiwala za thovu lakuda, loyimirira. Ngakhale thovu litatsala pang'ono kuphulika, madzi amadzimadzi amawunjikana pansi, kulepheretsa kuti mapuloteniwo asakwapulidwe mpaka kumtunda wakuthwa (izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa chithovu chotsetsereka, pafupifupi chokhazikika).
• Shuga iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pokhapokha azungu atakwapulidwa mu thovu lopepuka - apo ayi, zotsatira zomwezo zikhoza kuwonedwa ngati pali madontho a chinyezi kapena mafuta pamakoma a chidebecho. Kupatulapo ndi Swiss meringue.

Alekanitse azungu a dzira kuchokera ku yolks, kenaka muwamenye azungu mpaka atakhala olimba pang'ono. Kenako pitirizani whisking mpaka wandiweyani, chithovu choyimirira, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera shuga. Finyani meringue ya mawonekedwe aliwonse kuchokera ku meringue yomalizidwa, ikani pamapepala ndikutumiza ku uvuni, wotenthedwa mpaka madigiri 100-110. Siyani chitseko cha uvuni chili chotseguka pamene mukuphika. Pambuyo pa maola awiri kapena atatu, chotsani tsamba kuchokera ku uvuni ndi voila - muli ndi meringues okoma okoma pamaso panu.

Mukhoza kuwonjezera khofi ku meringue kuti mupatse mthunzi wokongola komanso kukoma kwapamwamba: mosiyana ndi koko, sichimayambitsa mapuloteni. Sikofunikira kuchotsa meringues konse - pambuyo pozizira, amachotsa zikopa zokha. Konzani chidebe chokhala ndi madzi otentha, ndikuyikamo mbale yomenyera mazira.

Thirani azungu a dzira ndi shuga wa ufa mu kapu, ndiye whisk. Chodabwitsa cha njirayi ndikuti shuga onse amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku mapuloteni nthawi imodzi. Atalandira thovu wandiweyani, homogeneous kuyimirira, finyani meringues mmenemo, ndi kutumiza mu uvuni preheated kwa madigiri 100-110. Bezet ndi yokhuthala komanso yowonda kuposa masitayelo akale aku Swiss, komanso amakonda kuyanika mwachangu. Nkhungu kuchokera ku izo zikhoza kuphikidwa mu ola limodzi, kapena zochepa, ndipo pokhala zolimba kunja, zimakhala zofewa mkati.

Swiss meringue ndi yotanuka kwambiri ndipo imasunga mawonekedwe ake bwino. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kupanga ma meringues okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola omwe sangafalikire komanso osagwedezeka. Ophika ena amathira madzi osamba pa chitofu ndikumenya pomwepo, koma sitikulangiza kuchita izi, chifukwa madzi amatha kutentha kwambiri pa chitofu. Kutentha kwa madzi otentha sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 42-43. Meringue ya ku Italy ndi yopepuka komanso ya airy. Kukonzekera, choyamba kutsanulira shuga mu saucepan, ndi kuphimba ndi madzi, bweretsani kusakaniza kwa chithupsa ndi kuphika mpaka shuga kusungunuka ndi kusakaniza thickens pang'ono.

Kenako chotsani madziwo ku chowotcha. Whisk azungu mu thovu loyima pang'ono, kenaka tsanulirani madzi otentha mkati mwake pang'onopang'ono mumtsinje wopyapyala (siyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yoziziritsa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo, sayenera kuwira). Pamene kuthira madzi, kumenya misa mwamphamvu mpaka kwathunthu unakhuthala. Pamphindi zoyamba, zingawoneke kuti kusakaniza kumakhala kwamadzimadzi kwambiri ndipo sikudzakwapula konse - musalole kuti izi zitheke, chifukwa ndi kulimbikira, meringue imakwapulidwa bwino kwambiri. Kuchokera ku zonona zotere, mutha kupanga ma meringues opepuka omwe amasungunuka mkamwa mwanu (zophikidwa mofanana ndi mitundu iwiri yapitayi).

Komabe, ndi bwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito popaka mikate, chifukwa sichiuma kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo sichimatuluka, mosiyana ndi French ndi Swiss.

• Ngakhale dontho limodzi la yolk lidzayika mtanda wamafuta pa thovu wandiweyani. Pofuna kupewa izi, mungagwiritse ntchito chinyengo ichi: kuswa dzira pamapeto onse awiri - choyera chidzatuluka chokha, ndipo yolk idzatsalira mu dzira. Mapuloteni otsala amatha kuchotsedwa pothyola dzira losweka motalika. Ndipo ngati dontho la yolk litalowa mu misa ya mapuloteni, limatha kuzulidwa polipukuta ndi chigoba cha dzira.
• Merengi amauma osati kuotcha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, nthawi yonse yophika, uvuni uyenera kukhala wotseguka pang'ono (1-1,5 cm). Mu uvuni wotsekedwa, meringues adzakhalabe ofewa (chifukwa cha kuyanika kosakwanira) ndipo akhoza kuwotcha.
• Musagwiritse ntchito shuga wouma wa stale pokwapula mapuloteni - ayenera kukonzedwa mwatsopano. Apo ayi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana ndi m'ndime yoyamba, chifukwa shuga wothira pakapita nthawi yochepa amadzaza ndi chinyezi, amawutenga kuchokera mlengalenga.

• Sungani ma meringues mu chidebe chosindikizidwa kapena mu thumba lomangidwa mwamphamvu, apo ayi amatenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikufewetsa. Komabe, pali mfundo yosangalatsa - ngati mutha kuyika ma meringues ofewa pang'ono mu chidebe chotsekedwa kwakanthawi, adzabwezeretsa kuuma kwawo komanso kuuma kwawo. Zowona, ndi ma meringues, omwe amafewetsedwa kwambiri, chiwerengero choterocho sichingagwire ntchito.

Zosangalatsa za merengue

Mavinidwe amtundu wina wa ku Latin America amatchedwanso Merengoy. Ndipo ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kayimbidwe ka gule uyu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kayimbidwe ka osakaniza akukwapula azungu. Mu tsarist Russia, m'malo mwa mawu akuti "meringue", mawu akuti "mphepo ya ku Spain" adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ankakhulupirira kuti kupepuka kwawo ndi kunjenjemera kwawo kumafanana kwambiri ndi mphepo yotentha yachilimwe.

M'nyengo youma ndi chinyezi chochepa, zimakhala zosavuta kumenya mazira mu thovu lakuda, loyima kusiyana ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kusasinthika kwa kirimu cha dzira kudzakhala kochuluka kwambiri popanda kuwonjezera mchere wambiri kapena citric acid. Meringue yaikulu kwambiri inaphikidwa mu 1985 mumzinda wa Frutal (Switzerland).

Zinatenga 120 kg shuga ndi mazira 2500 kuti apange. Kutalika kwa meringue wokhala ndi mbiri kunali kuposa mamita 100, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali 200 kg. Kuphika, ng'anjo yosiyana idamangidwa, ndipo meringue yotereyi idaperekedwa ndi malita 80 a zonona zonona (zomwe sizinafotokozedwe). Ophika odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito whisk pamanja kuti akwaniritse mpweya wambiri, ndikumenya thovu ndi mayendedwe (osati kupaka utoto), kuyesera kutulutsa mpweya wochuluka momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake, chithovucho chimakhala chodzaza ndi thovu, ndikuchipatsa kupepuka komanso mpweya.