Le bondo ndiye wamkulu kwambiri mgwirizano kuchokera mthupi. Ndikofunikira pakuyenda kwathu ndi kukhazikika. Nthawi zina, monga kukwera masitepe, mawondo amathandizira maulendo 4 mpaka 5 kulemera kwa thupi¹. Chifukwa chake, amatha kufooka mosavuta ndikuwonongeka ndimayendedwe osiyanasiyana obwerezabwereza muzochita zina kapena masewera ena. Zotsatira zake ndizochitika kwa mavuto osokoneza bongo zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka ndikuchepetsa kuyenda.

Maondo nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa nkhanza ndi othamanga komanso othamanga apamwamba, omwe amawasautsa mobwerezabwereza ndikuwapweteka. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zovulaza masewera imakhudzanso mawondo⁸. Ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuti mukhale pamalo obisalaza kapena ogwada pafupipafupi (kupitilira theka la ola patsiku), kuti muyimirire pafupipafupi m'malo awiriwa, kukwera masitepe pafupipafupi kapena kunyamula katundu wolemera kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo chodwala kupweteka kwa mawondo.

Kuti timvetse bwino zomwe zikutsatira, zitha kukhala zothandiza kutchula za Anatomy yathu ya malo olumikizirana: pepala loyambira lomwe limafotokozera ndikufotokozera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapanga cholumikizira.

Matenda a minofu ndi mafupa amaphatikizana pamavuto ambiri (onani chithunzi).

• Sprain, komwe ndikutambasula kwa mitsempha (minofu yolumikizira yomwe imagwirizanitsa mafupa palimodzi);
• The kutchfunichi (kapena tendonitis), ndiko kuti kuukira kwa tendon, "chingwe" ichi chomwe chimalumikiza minofu ndi mafupa. Mu bondo, ma tendon angapo amatha kuvulala kapena kulira;
• Zilonda za menisci, timatumba tiwiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pakati pa tibia ndi femur pa bondo lililonse;
• The hygroma kapena bursitis bondo, lomwe limafanana ndi kutukusira kwa "bursae", matumba ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka mu bondo omwe ntchito yake ndikuthandizira kutsika kwa tendon;
• La kupanikizika kwa mitsempha yomwe imatsikira mbali ya mwana wang'ombe (kunja kwa mitsempha yambiri yam'mimba).

mitundu

Tsamba ili limafotokoza zovuta za 3 zofala kwambiri zaminyewa zamabondo: chikazi cha femoro-patellar ndi Iliotibial band mkangano wamatenda, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa othamanga, komanso bondo bursitis, Chifukwa cha kugwada pafupipafupi komanso kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kupsinjika kwachindunji.

Mitundu iyi itatu yamatenda imalumikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito bondo mopitirira muyeso ndikudziwonetsa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri sizomwe zimachitika chifukwa chovulala mwangozi kapena kukhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa, komwe kumabweretsa kuvulala kwa mitsempha ndi meniscus.

Matenda a Patellofemoral

Akuyerekeza kuti kotala la othamanga ali ndi matendawa nthawi ina. Matenda a Patellofemoral amadziwika ndi kukwiya kwa mafupa a bondo. bondo, pakati pa chikazi (fupa la ntchafu) ndi kneecap (onani chithunzi). Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimawoneka pomwe cholumikizira chiri kuyang'anira kapena kuti imapanikizika kwambiri, monga pomwe mwadzidzidzi imakulitsa chidwi cha masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena pakakhala kusokoneza pakati pa patella ndi femur.

Zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Chidziwitso cha phazi lalitali (chingwe cha phazi), chomwe chimasokoneza mayendedwe a bondo, ndichofala. Choloŵa kapena zinthu zamoyo ndizo zimayambitsa vutoli;
• Kusalinganika kwa minofu yamphamvu kuyeserera pa kneecap, komwe kumatulutsa molakwika poyenda, ndichinthu chofala;
• La kuchita mobwerezabwereza Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi: kukwera kapena kutsika masitepe, kuthamanga paphiri, kukwera maulendo ataliatali, kukalipira pafupipafupi kapena kuchita nawo zochitika zomwe muyenera kudumpha pafupipafupi (basketball, volleyball) mpira, kuvina…). Zochita izi ndizovuta kwa anthu omwe sanasankhe bwino kneecap komanso kwa iwo omwe sanakonzekere mwakuthupi;
• Un zoopsa za mawondo kutsatira kugwa kwamaondo kapena ngozi yapamsewu.

Iliotibial band mkangano wamatenda

Kuvulala kwamtunduwu kumawoneka kwakanthawi chifukwa chobwereza mobwerezabwereza kwa kupindika ndi D 'zowonjezera maondo. Ochita masewera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi othamanga ataliatali (4% mpaka 7% amakhudzidwa⁷) ndi oyendetsa njinga. Kukwiya ndi kutupa kumachitika chifukwa chofinya mobwerezabwereza magawo awiri a bondo, mbali yake yakunja: yayitali ulusi band yomwe ili pankhope lakunja la ntchafu (iliotibial band) ndi protuberance ya chikazi (fupa la ntchafu). Vutoli nthawi zina limatchedwa "Windshield wiper syndrome" chifukwa kumverera kwa chingwe chomwe chikupukutira fupa pansi pa khungu nthawi zambiri kumafaniziridwa ndi chomwe chowombera chimakhalira pazenera. obwerezabwereza.

Zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Vuto lakuyendetsa bondo ndizofala kwambiri;
• Kusowa kwa Kusinthasintha gulu iliotibial ndi minofu yolumikizidwa nayo (tensor fascia lata ndi gluteus maximus) pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhudzidwa;
• Mchitidwe wa zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kusinthasintha mobwerezabwereza ndi zowonjezera bondo, monga kuthamanga mtunda, kukwera mapiri, ndi kupalasa njinga.

Mphuno bursitis

Bursitis ndikutupa kapena kukulira kwa bursa, mtundu wa phuku laling'ono lodzaza ndimadzimadzi lomwe limathandiza kuchepetsa kukangana pakati pa mafupa, minyewa, ndi minofu mkati mwa bondo. Pali bursas 11 pa bondo lililonse, koma bursitis nthawi zambiri imachitika patsogolo pa kneecap (prerotular bursitis).

Zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kuthandizira pa mawondo ndichofunikira kwambiri mu bursitis, chifukwa chimayambitsa kukhuthala kwa bursa m'kupita kwanthawi. Mtundu uwu wa bursitis nthawi zina umatchedwa "kuyeretsa bondo la mayi";
• The kugwa pa maondo (volleyball, kulimbana…) zingayambitse kutupa mwadzidzidzi kwa bursa;
• La athamanga zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa kwa anserine bursa yomwe ili mkati mwamkati mwa bondo, pansi pamulalo.

Zovuta zotheka

Kuvulala kosagwidwa bondo kumatha kulowa aakulu Chisoni. Njira yolipirira ndi mwendo wosapweteka nthawi zambiri imayamba, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zina za biomechanical.

Kukula

The Matenda a minofu ndi mawondo ndizofala kwambiri, onse othamanga komanso ogwira ntchito onse. Kuchulukaku ndikovuta kulingalira, koma kaphatikizidwe kafukufuku wofufuza momwe ntchito imagwirira ntchito pokhudzana ndi zovuta zamabondo akuwonetsa kuti 19% ya anthu ogwira ntchito (onse akatswiri amaphatikizana) adadandaula za kupweteka kwamondo komwe kumachitika m'miyezi 12 yapitayi³.