Mwana wanga sakonda masamu nditani?

[Kusinthidwa pa Marichi 15, 2021]

Maluso abwino owerenga angathandize kukhala waluso pa masamu (mwa zina)

Madera a ubongo omwe amatsindika powerenga amakhalanso kuntchito pazochitika zina zomwe zimawoneka kuti sizikugwirizana, monga masamu, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano. Monga bonasi, malangizo athu ndi upangiri wodziwitsa mwana wanu za phunziro lofunikira la maphunziro ake.

Ngati mwana wanu akuvutika ndi masamu, mutha kumuthandiza… pomuthandiza kuti aziwerenga bwino. Ngati chiganizochi ndi chotsutsana, komabe ndi mfundo yomwe ingatengedwe powerenga zotsatira za kafukufuku watsopano wasayansi, wofalitsidwa pa February 12, 2021 m'magazini "Malire mu Computational Neuroscience".

Zonsezi zinayamba ndi ntchito ya dyslexia yotsogoleredwa ndi wofufuza Christopher McNorgan, yemwe amagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya psychology pa yunivesite ya Buffalo (United States). Iye anapeza izo madera a ubongo omwe ali ndi udindo wowerenga anali kugwiranso ntchito panthawi yomwe inkaoneka ngati yosagwirizana, monga kuchita masamu.

« Zimene atulukirazi zinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri Christopher McNorgan adayankhapo ndemanga. “ Amathandizira kufunikira ndi kufunikira kwa kuwerenga ndi kuwonetsa momwe kuwerenga bwino kumafikira magawo onse, kuwongolera momwe timachitira ntchito zina ndikuthana ndi mavuto ena ”, adawonjezera.

Apa, wofufuzayo adatha kuzindikira dyslexia mu 94% ya milandu, kaya ndi gulu la ana omwe amawerenga kapena masamu, koma chitsanzo chake choyesera chawonetsa kuti kulumikiza ubongo powerenga kunalinso ndi gawo lofunikira pochita masamu.

« Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti momwe ubongo wathu umalumikizidwa ndi waya kuti uwerenge kwenikweni zimakhudza momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito masamu », Anatero wofufuzayo. “ Izi zikutanthauza kuti luso lanu lowerenga limakhudza momwe mumachitira ndi mavuto m'madera ena, ndi kutithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino [zomwe zimachitika ndi] ana omwe ali ndi vuto lophunzira pa kuwerenga ndi masamu. ", Adafotokozanso.

Kwa wasayansi, kotero, tsopano zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti chowonadi cha yesetsani kuphunzira kuwerenga adzakhala ndi zotsatira kuposa kukulitsa luso la chinenero.

Masamu, kuyambira ku kindergarten mpaka CE1

Timangolankhula za "masamu" kuyambira giredi yoyamba. Chifukwa mu sukulu ya kindergarten, mapulogalamu aboma amawona kuti masamu ndi gawo lalikulu lotchedwa "kutulukira kwa dziko lapansi" lomwe cholinga chake, monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, kupangitsa ana kuwongolera ndikuzindikira malingaliro, koma akukhalabe kumbuyo. konkire. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la kuwirikiza limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira gawo lalikulu, mpaka CE1. Koma mu sukulu ya kindergarten, cholinga cha mwanayo ndi kupereka miyendo kwa nkhuku, ndiye akalulu: nkhuku imafunika miyendo iwiri, nkhuku ziwiri zimakhala ndi miyendo inayi, ndiyeno nkhuku zitatu? Mu CP, timabwereranso, ndi magulu a nyenyezi omwe akuwonetsedwa pa bolodi: ngati 5 + 5 ndi 10, ndiye 5 + 6 ndi 5 + 5 ndi gawo limodzi lina. Ndi kale pang'ono momveka, chifukwa mwanayo salinso akugwira dayisi yekha. Kenaka timamanga matebulo kuti tiphunzire: 2 + 2, 4 + 4, etc. Mu CE1, timapita ku nambala zazikulu (12 + 12, 24 + 24). Maziko omwe adzakhazikitsidwe maphunziro onse akuyikidwa pakati pa gawo lalikulu ndi CP, ndikofunikira kuti musalole kuti mwanayo alowe mumdima wa "osamvetsetseka", ndikukumbukira bwino kuti kuphunzira kumadaliranso. pakukula kwa mwana, ndikuti sitingathamangire zinthu m'dzina la muyezo womwe umakhalapo m'maganizo mwa makolo omwe ali ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kupambana kwamaphunziro kwa mphwake kapena mnansi ...

Makiyi ozindikiritsa mwana pamavuto

"Kuchita bwino masamu" kumangokhala ndi tanthauzo kuyambira CE2 kupita mtsogolo. M'mbuyomu, zomwe tinganene ndikuti mwana ali ndi, kapena alibe, malo oti alowe mu maphunziro a manambala (kudziwa kuwerenga) ndi masamu. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zochenjeza zomwe zingalungamitse kuwongolera, kosangalatsa koma pafupipafupi, kunyumba. Choyamba ndi sadziwa manambala. Mwana amene sadziwa manambala ake kupitirira zaka 15 pa Tsiku la Oyera Mtima Onse ku CP akhoza kutayidwa. Chizindikiro chachiwiri ndi mwana amene amakana kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati sakufuna kuwerengera zala zake chifukwa akumva ngati khanda (mwadzidzidzi akulakwitsa popanda kudziwongolera), kapena ngati, titamuwonetsa kuti akulakwitsa, agwidwa. kukwiya. Koma masamu, monga kuwerenga, ndi kuphunzira mwa kulakwitsa! Chidziwitso chachitatu ndi mwana yemwe, akafunsidwa pazodziwikiratu ("2 ndi 2 ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zingati") amayankha chilichonse pomwe akuwoneka kuti akuyembekezera yankho kuchokera kwa wamkulu. Apanso, ayenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mayankho operekedwa mwachisawawa samulola kuwerengera. Pomaliza, pali kusowa mphamvu ndi maphunziro : Mwana amene amalakwitsa kuwerenga ndi nsonga ya chala chifukwa sadziwa poyika chala.

Kuwerengera, mwala wofunikira wamaphunziro

Madontho awiri akuda omwe ana omwe ali ndi vuto amatha kusewera ndi mawerengedwe ndi mawerengedwe. Mwachidule: kudziwa kuwerengera ndi kuwerengera. Zonsezi mwachiwonekere amaphunzira m'kalasi. Koma palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa kukulitsa luso limeneli kunyumba, makamaka kuwerengera, zomwe sizifuna njira iliyonse yophunzitsira. Kuchokera pagawo lalikulu, werengani kuyambira pa nambala (8) ndipo imani pa ina yokonzedweratu (chandamale, ngati 27) ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi abwino. Ndi ana angapo, amapereka masewera a nambala yotembereredwa: timajambula nambala (mwachitsanzo mu lotto chips). Timawerenga mokweza: ndi nambala yotembereredwa. Kenako timawerengera, aliyense akunena nambala motsatizana, ndipo amene atchula nambala yotembereredwayo wataya. Kuwerengera pansi (12, 11, 10), kubwerera mmbuyo kapena kupita kutsogolo, kuchokera ku CP, ndikothandizanso. Matepi a digito okonzeka kale akupezeka pa intaneti: sindikizani imodzi kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 40 ndikuyiyika m'chipinda cha mwanayo, molunjika. Samalani, iyenera kukhala ndi ziro, ndipo manambala ayenera kukhala "à la française"; 7 ali ndi bala, 1 nayenso, chenjerani ndi 4! Sindikizani kwambiri: manambala ndi 5cm kutalika. Kenako mwanayo amapaka utoto bokosi la makumi, koma osadziwa mawu: amapaka bokosi lililonse lomwe limabwera pambuyo pa nambala yomwe imatha mu 9, ndizo zonse. Palibe chomwe chimakulepheretsani kuika zolemba za Post-it ziwerengero zofunika : zaka za mwana, mayi, etc., koma popanda mitundu mabokosi.

Masewera ozungulira tepi ya digito

Banja lidapita kunkhalango, tidatola mtedza. Zingati ? Mu gawo lalikulu, timayika imodzi pamtunda uliwonse wa mzere, timaphunzira kudziwa kuwerenga chiwerengerocho. Ku CP, mu Disembala timapanga mapaketi a 10 ndikuwerengera. Mosiyana, wamkulu amawerenga nambala, kwa mwanayo kuti aloze pa tepi. Miyambi imathandizanso: “Ndikuganiza kuti nambala yochepera 20 yomwe imatha 9” ndiyotheka kuchokera pa Tsiku la Oyera Mtima Onse. Masewera ena: "Tsegulani buku lanu patsamba 39". Pomaliza, kuti tilimbikitse mwanayo, tikhoza kumupempha, patchuthi chilichonse chachifupi mwachitsanzo, kuti awerenge tepiyo pamtima, momwe angathere komanso popanda kulakwitsa. Ndipo kuyika cholozera wachikuda pa nambala yomwe idafikira, yomwe ikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwake. Kumapeto kwa gawo lalikulu, ntchitoyi ikupereka manambala pakati pa 15 ndi 40, ndipo mu CP ophunzira amafika 15/20 kumayambiriro kwa chaka, 40/50 kuzungulira Disembala, ndime zoyambira 60 mpaka 70 kenako kuchokera 80 mpaka 90. kukhala wankhanza makamaka mu French chifukwa cha kubweranso kwa "makumi asanu ndi limodzi" ndi "makumi asanu ndi atatu" mu manambala 70 ndi 90.

Masewera owerengera

Cholinga apa sikuti mwana wanu awonjezere ndalama: sukulu ilipo ndipo idzadziwa momwe angachitire bwino kuposa inu. Komabe, automation ya njira ndiyofunikira. Ndiye Amayi akufuna kuyika mabatani a zida zawo zosokera: nditani? Kuchokera ku CP, mwanayo "adzanyamula". Mukhozanso kusewera wamalonda, ndi kupereka ndalama ndi ndalama zenizeni, zolimbikitsa kwambiri kwa mwanayo, kuyambira mwezi wa March mu CP. Ndalama ya 5 euro, imapanga ndalama zingati pa 1? Miyambi imagwiranso ntchito bwino: Ndili ndi maswiti 2 m'bokosi (awonetseni), onjezani 5 (chitani pamaso pa mwanayo, kenako mufunseni kuti aganizire kuti asawerengenso imodzi ndi imodzi. bokosi), ndili ndi angati tsopano? Bwanji ngati nditulutsa atatu? Phunzitsaninso mwanayo kuphika maphikidwe: konkire ndi masewera ndi njira yabwino kwa mwana kulowa masamu. Momwemonso, palinso masewera abwino a lotto, omwe amaphatikiza kuwerenga kosavuta kwa manambala ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono, zosavuta, ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Phunzirani masamu pamtima, njira yomwe amaiwala nthawi zambiri

Palibe chinsinsi: masamu amathanso kuphunzira pamtima. Matebulo owonjezera, omwe amawonedwa m'giredi yoyamba, akuyenera kuwonedwa ndikuwunikidwanso, kulemba manambala kuyenera kukhala kwaudongo mwachangu momwe kungathekere (ndi ana angati amalemba ma 4 ngati taipi yomwe amawasokoneza ndi 7…) . Komabe, ma automatism onsewa amatha kupezeka ndikuchita, ngati piyano!