Myoclonus amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa minofu. Izi zimawonetsedwa ndikusuntha kwadzidzidzi komanso mwadzidzidzi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo myoclonus yogona, kapena myoclonus yachiwiri yomwe imachitika makamaka khunyu.

Myoclonus ndikung'ung'udza pang'ono kwa minofu komwe kumayambitsa mayendedwe osachita mwadzidzidzi, mwadzidzidzi komanso mwadzidzidzi. Zitha kuchitika zokha kapena zimachitika monga momwe zimakhalira ndi phokoso kapena kung'anima kwa kuwala. Kupindika kumatha kuchitika mu minofu imodzi kapena kukhudza gulu la minofu.

Chitsanzo chachizolowezi cha myoclonus ndi hiccups, kapena phrenoglottic myoclonus. Izi ndizotsatira zakutsutsana kwamitsempha yosafunikira.

Myoclonus imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kupindika mwadzidzidzi kwa minyewa kapena kuyimilira mwadzidzidzi mu minofu. Zochitika izi zitha kukhala ndi mafotokozedwe angapo. Kutengera mtunduwu, pali mitundu itatu ya myoclonus:

• myoclonus wamthupi, zomwe ndizokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa thupi;
• myoclonus wachiwiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa thupi;
• ndi myoclonies iatrogènes, zomwe ndi zotsatira za chithandizo chamankhwala.

Zimayambitsa thupi myoclonus

Myoclonus imatha kulumikizidwa ndikugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Titha mwachitsanzo:

• phrenoglottic myoclonus, odziwika bwino ngati ma hiccups;
• kugona kugona myoclonus, kapena kugona myoclonus, komwe kumawonekera ngati kudodometsa tulo ndipo komwe kumachitika nthawi yayitali mphindi zochepa zoyambira tulo.

Zoyambitsa zina zathupi nazonso zadziwika. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhawa, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya.

Zomwe zimayambitsa myoclonus yachiwiri

Myoclonus yachiwiri ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana monga:

• khunyu, matenda amitsempha omwe myoclonus ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu;
• dementia, makamaka panthawi yamatenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, matenda a Alzheimer's, amafalitsa matenda amthupi a Lewy, matenda am'mbuyomu kapena matenda a Rett;
• kuchepa kwa spinocerebellar, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda angapo amanjenje monga matenda a Parkinson, matenda a Huntington, matenda a Ramsay-Hunt kapena matenda a Wilson;
• encephalopathies thupi ndi hypoxic, dysfunctions ubongo amene amapezeka makamaka pa magetsi, sitiroko, hypoxia, zoopsa ubongo choipa ndi matenda decompression;
• encephalopathies wa poizoni, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komwe makamaka chifukwa cha poyizoni wa heavy metal;
• Matenda, makamaka mu lethargic encephalitis, herpes simplex virus encephalitis, encephalitis yotsatira, malungo, syphilis ndi matenda a Lyme;
• mavuto ena amadzimadzi, monga hyperthyroidism, chiwindi kulephera, kulephera kwa impso, hypoglycemia, non-ketotic hyperglycemia ndi hyponatremia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa myoclonus iatrogenic

Myoclonus nthawi zina amatha kukhala chifukwa chamankhwala. Itha, mwachitsanzo, kutsatira kuchokera:

• chithandizo chamaganizidwe, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu, antidepressants kapena neuroleptics;
• mankhwala ena opatsirana, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito quinolones;
• mankhwala ena amtima;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ogona;
• kugwiritsa ntchito ma anticonvulsants;
• kumwa mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Mawonekedwe azachipatala a myoclonus amasiyana malinga ndi milandu. Amatha kusiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamatalikidwe komanso pafupipafupi. Milandu yovuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa minofu kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuyamba kwa kugwidwa.

Myoclonus ikaphatikizidwa, imapitilira kapena imabwereranso, kulimbikitsidwa mwachipatala kumalimbikitsidwa. Atsogoleri azachipatala amathandizira kuzindikira ndi kuthandizira zomwe zimayambitsa myoclonus.

Pofotokozera magwero a myoclonus, ndikofunikira kuchita kujambula kwama electrophysiological kwamayendedwe achilendo.

Kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwa minofu, chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zina chimatha kuchitidwa. Izi zitha kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana:

• benzodiazepines, monga clonazepam, omwe ndi gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• anti-khunyu monga valproate;
• nootropics monga piracetam;
• ma anticonvulsants monga leviracetam.