Nephrology ndi katswiri wazachipatala womwe umakhudzidwa ndi kupewa, kuzindikira komanso kuchiza matenda a impso.

Impso (thupi liri ndi ziwiri) zimasefa pafupifupi malita 200 a madzi a m'magazi tsiku lililonse. Amatulutsa poizoni ndi zinyalala za metabolic mumkodzo, kenako amabwezeretsa zinthu zofunika kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino m'magazi. Kuti tifanizire, tinene kuti amasewera ngati chomera choyeretsa chomwe chimasefa madzi onyansa amzinda. 

Ma pathologies ambiri amafunikira kukaonana ndi nephrologist. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• a aimpso kulephera pachimake kapena matenda;
• wa aimpso colic ;
• proteinuria (kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo);
• hematuria (kukhalapo kwa magazi mu mkodzo);
• nephritis syndrome;
• glomerulonephritis;
• kapena matenda obwerezabwereza mkodzo.

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a impso. Nazi zina zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimachulukitsa chiopsezo:

• matenda ashuga;
• kuthamanga kwa magazi ;
• kusuta;
• kapena kunenepa kwambiri (3).

Nephrologist ndi katswiri wa impso. Amagwira ntchito m'chipatala ndipo amayang'anira mbali yachipatala, koma osati opaleshoni (ndi urologist yemwe amachita opaleshoni ya impso kapena mkodzo). Pachifukwa ichi, amachita njira zambiri zamankhwala:

• choyamba amafunsa wodwala wake, makamaka kuti apeze chidziŵitso cha banja lirilonse kapena mbiri yamankhwala;
• amafufuza mozama zachipatala;
• akhoza kuchita kapena kuyitanitsa mayeso, monga ultrasound ya impso ndi mkodzo thirakiti, CT scan, aimpso scintigraphy, aimpso biopsy, angiography;
• amatsata odwala dialysis, amasamalira zotsatira za pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya impso;
• amalangizanso chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso amapereka malangizo a zakudya.

Kukambirana ndi nephrologist sikumaphatikizapo zoopsa zilizonse kwa wodwalayo.

Kuphunzitsidwa kukhala nephrologist ku France

Kuti akhale nephrologist, wophunzirayo ayenera kupeza dipuloma ya maphunziro apadera (DES) mu nephrology:

• pambuyo pa baccalaureate, ayenera kutsatira zaka 6 pa luso la zamankhwala;
• kumapeto kwa chaka cha 6, ophunzira amayesa mayeso amtundu uliwonse kuti alowe kusukulu yogonera. Kutengera ndi gulu lawo, azitha kusankha mwapadera komanso malo omwe amachitira. Internship mu nephrology imatha zaka 4 ndipo imatha ndikupeza DES mu nephrology.

Pomaliza, kuti athe kuchita ngati nephrologist ndikunyamula mutu wa udokotala, wophunzirayo ayeneranso kuteteza chiphunzitso chofufuza.

Kuphunzitsidwa kukhala nephrologist ku Quebec

Pambuyo pa maphunziro aku koleji, wophunzirayo ayenera:

• kutsatira doctorate mu zamankhwala, zaka 1 kapena 4 (kapena popanda chaka chokonzekera zamankhwala kwa ophunzira omwe avomerezedwa ku koleji kapena kuyunivesite akuwona kuti ndiosakwanira m'masayansi oyambira);
• ndiye khazikikani potsatira zaka 3 za mankhwala amkati ndi zaka 2 zokhala mu nephrology.

Konzekerani ulendowo

Musanapite kukaonana ndi nephrologist, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge zolemba zaposachedwa, ma x-ray aliwonse, jambulani kapena ma MRIs opangidwa.

Kuti mupeze nephrologist:

• ku Quebec, mukhoza kuona tsamba la “Quebec Médecin” (4);
• ku France, kudzera pa webusayiti ya Ordre des médecins (5).

Pamene kukaonana ndi nephrologist akulamulidwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo, amaperekedwa ndi Health Insurance (France) kapena Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.