Otology ndi ukatswiri wachipatala woperekedwa ku zokonda ndi zosokoneza za khutu ndi kumva. Ndi subspecialty ya otolaryngology kapena "ENT".

Otology imasamalira zokonda za khutu:

• kunja, wopangidwa ndi pinna ndi kunja makutu ngalande;
• sing'anga, yopangidwa ndi tympanum, unyolo wa mafupa (nyundo, anvil, stirrup), mawindo a labyrinthine ndi chubu cha eustachian;
• mkati, kapena cochlea, chomwe ndi chiwalo cha makutu, chopangidwa ndi ngalande zingapo zozungulira.

Otology imayang'ana makamaka pakuwongolera vuto lakumva. Izi zikhoza kukhala zadzidzidzi kapena zowonjezereka, za "kupatsirana" (kuwonongeka kwa khutu lakunja kapena lapakati) kapena "kuzindikira" (kuwonongeka kwa khutu lamkati).

Otologist amagwira ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri. Nawu mndandanda wosakwanira wamavuto omwe angakhudze makamaka makutu:

• kumva kapena kusamva;
• khutu (kupweteka kwa khutu);
• kusalinganika kusokonezeka, chizungulire;
• Tinnitus.

Zifukwa zambiri zotheka:

• matenda obwera m'makutu (kuphatikizapo cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, etc.);
• kuphulika kwa eardrum;
• otosclerosis (ossification wa zinthu mkati khutu);
• Matenda a Meniere ;
• neurinome;
• kusamva kwa ntchito ndi "poizoni";
• zoopsa pathologies.

Matenda a ENT sphere angakhudze aliyense, koma pali zifukwa zina zodziwika zoopsa, mwa zina, zaka zazing'ono chifukwa ana amatha kudwala khutu ndi matenda ena a ENT kuposa akuluakulu.

Kuti adziwe matenda ndi kuzindikira chiyambi cha zovuta, otologist:

• amafunsa wodwala wake kuti adziwe mtundu wa zovuta, tsiku lawo loyambira ndi momwe amathandizira, kuchuluka kwa kusapeza;
• amalemba zadzidzidzi kapena kupitirira kwa kusamva, zomwe zimathandiza kuwongolera matenda;
• kuchita kafukufuku wachipatala khutu lakunja ndi eardrum, pogwiritsa ntchito otoscope;
• angafunike mayeso owonjezera (kuti awone kutayika kwa kumva kapena chizungulire):
• acumetry (mayeso a Weber ndi Rinne);
• audiometry (kumvetsera kudzera pa mahedifoni mu kanyumba kosamveka mawu, pakati pa ena);
• impedancemetry (kufufuza kwa khutu lapakati ndi khutu);
• kufufuza kwa vestibulo-ocular reflex ngati chizungulire;
• mayendedwe a vestibular (mwachitsanzo, kusintha malo a wodwalayo mwachangu kuti ayese kupirira kwake).

Matenda akadziwika, chithandizo chidzaperekedwa. Itha kukhala opaleshoni, mankhwala kapena kuphatikiza ma prostheses kapena implants.

Malingana ndi mphamvu yake, timasiyanitsa:

• kusamva pang'ono ngati kuchepa kuli kochepera 30 dB;
• kugontha kwapakati, ngati kuli pakati pa 30 ndi 60 dB;
• kugontha kwambiri, ngati kuli pakati pa 70 ndi 90 dB;
• kugontha kwakukulu ngati kuli kokulirapo kuposa 90 dB.

Kutengera ndi mtundu wa ugontha (lingaliro kapena kufalikira) komanso kuopsa kwake, katswiri wa otologist adzapereka chithandizo choyenera cha makutu kapena opaleshoni.

Khalani dokotala wa otologist ku France

Kuti akhale otolaryngologist, wophunzirayo ayenera kulandira dipuloma yamaphunziro apadera (DES) mu ENT ndikuchita opaleshoni yamutu ndi khosi:

• ayenera kuyamba kutsatira, pambuyo pa baccalaureate yake, chaka choyamba chodziwika bwino mu maphunziro a zaumoyo. Dziwani kuti pafupifupi 20% ya ophunzira amatha kuwoloka chochitika ichi.
• zaka 4, 5 ndi 6 ku Faculty of Medicine zimapanga ulaliki.
• kumapeto kwa chaka cha 6, ophunzira amayesa mayeso amtundu uliwonse kuti alowe kusukulu yogonera. Kutengera ndi gulu lawo, azitha kusankha luso lawo komanso malo awo ochitira. Otolaryngology internship imatha zaka 5.

Khalani dokotala wa otologist ku Quebec

Pambuyo pa maphunziro aku koleji, wophunzirayo ayenera kuchita udokotala wazachipatala. Gawo loyambali limatenga zaka 1 kapena 4 (pokhala ndi chaka chokonzekera kapena popanda chaka chokonzekera zamankhwala kwa ophunzira omwe adavomerezedwa ndi maphunziro akukoleji kapena kuyunivesite omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi osakwanira mu sayansi yachilengedwe.

Kenako, wophunzirayo amayenera kuchita mwaukadaulo potsatira kukhala mu otolaryngology komanso opaleshoni yamutu ndi khosi (zaka 5).

Musanapite ku msonkhano ndi ENT, ndikofunikira kutenga mayeso aliwonse oyerekeza kapena a biology omwe achitika kale.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro za zowawa ndi zizindikiro (nthawi, chiyambi, maulendo, ndi zina zotero), kuti mufunse za mbiri ya banja lanu ndi kubweretsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Kuti mupeze dokotala wa ENT:

• ku Quebec, mutha kuwona tsamba la Association d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et deirurgie cervico-faciale du Quebec3, lomwe limapereka chikwatu cha mamembala awo.
• ku France, kudzera pa webusayiti ya National Council of the Order of Physicians4 kapena ya National Syndicate of Physicians Specializing mu ENT ndi Head and Neck Surgery5, yomwe ili ndi bukhu.

Kuyankhulana ndi otolaryngologist kumayendetsedwa ndi Health Insurance (France) kapena Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.