Neuroma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayambira m'mitsempha yoteteza mitsempha. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi acoustic neuroma yomwe imakhudza mitsempha ya vestibulocochlear, ndiko kunena kuti minyewa ya cranial yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kumva komanso kumva bwino. Ngakhale ma neuromas ndi zotupa zabwino nthawi zambiri, zina zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Thandizo lingakhale lofunika.

Tanthauzo la neuroma

Neuroma ndi chotupa chomwe chimamera m'mitsempha. Chotupa ichi chimakula ndendende kuchokera ku ma cell a Schwann omwe ali m'chimake choteteza chozungulira minyewa. Ndicho chifukwa chake neuroma imatchedwanso schwannoma.

Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi acoustic neuroma, yomwe imatchedwanso vestibular schwannoma. Neuroma iyi imakhudza mitsempha ya vestibular, imodzi mwa nthambi za VIII cranial nerve zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kumva komanso kumva bwino.

Zimayambitsa neurinome

Mofanana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya zotupa, neuromas ali ndi chiyambi chomwe sichidziwika bwino. Komabe, zochitika zina za acoustic neuroma zapezeka kuti ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu wa 2 neurofibromatosis, matenda obwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini.

Kuzindikira kwa neurinome

Matenda a neuroma amatha kuganiziridwa chifukwa cha zizindikiro zina zachipatala koma amathanso kupezeka mwangozi panthawi yachipatala. Chotupa ichi chikhoza kukhala chopanda zizindikiro nthawi zina, ndiko kuti popanda zizindikiro zowonekera.

Kuzindikira kwa acoustic neuroma poyambilira kumatengera mayeso akumva monga:

• audiogram yomwe imachitika nthawi zonse kuti azindikire kutayika kwa kumva kwa acoustic neuroma;
• tympanometry yomwe nthawi zina imachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati phokoso lingathe kudutsa m'khutu la khutu ndi pakati;
• kuyesa kwa ma audio evoked potentials (AEP), komwe kumayesa kukopa kwa minyewa mu tsinde laubongo kuchokera pamawu otuluka m'makutu.

Kuti atsimikizire ndi kukulitsa matendawa, kuyesa kwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kumachitidwa.

Neuromas ndi zotupa zosowa. Amayimira pakati pa 5 ndi 8% ya zotupa muubongo. Zomwe zimachitika pachaka zimakhala pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 pa anthu 100 aliwonse.

Nthawi zina, neuroma imakula bwino ndipo sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za acoustic neuroma

Kukula kwa acoustic neuroma kumatha kuwonekera ndi zizindikiro zingapo:

• kutayika kwa makutu komwe kumapita patsogolo nthawi zambiri koma nthawi zina kumakhala mwadzidzidzi;
• tinnitus, yomwe imakhala phokoso kapena kulira m'makutu;
• kumverera kwa kupsyinjika kapena kulemera kwa khutu;
• kupweteka kwa khutu kapena khutu;
• mutu kapena mutu;
• kusalinganika ndi chizungulire.

Zindikirani: Acoustic neuroma nthawi zambiri imakhala ya mbali imodzi koma nthawi zina imatha kukhala mbali ziwiri.

Kuopsa kwa zovuta

Nthawi zambiri, ma neuroma ndi zotupa zoyipa. Komabe, nthawi zina zotupazi zimakhala ndi khansa.

Pankhani ya acoustic neuroma, chotupa mu cranial nerve VIII chingayambitse zovuta pamene chikukula ndikuwonjezeka kukula kwake. Amakonda kupondereza mitsempha ina ya cranial, yomwe ingayambitse:

• nkhope paresis ndi psinjika ya nkhope mitsempha (cranial mitsempha VII), amene ndi pangʻono imfa ya galimoto luso pa nkhope;
• trigeminal neuralgia chifukwa cha kupsyinjika kwa trigeminal (cranial nerve V), yomwe imadziwika ndi kupweteka kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza mbali ya nkhope.

Neuroma sichifunikira chithandizo, makamaka ngati chotupacho ndi chaching'ono, sichimakula, ndipo sichimayambitsa zizindikiro. Komabe, kuyang'anitsitsa zachipatala nthawi zonse kulipo kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Kumbali inayi, kuyang'anira neuroma kungakhale kofunikira ngati chotupacho chikukula, kukulitsa ndikupereka chiopsezo cha zovuta. Njira ziwiri zochizira nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa:

• opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupa;
• ma radiation therapy, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation kuti awononge chotupacho.

Kusankha mankhwala kumadalira magawo ambiri kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupa, zaka, thanzi ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro.

Chiyambi cha neuromas sichidziwika bwino. Palibe njira yodzitetezera yomwe yakhazikitsidwa mpaka pano.