Acute otitis media: tanthauzo

Acute otitis media (AOM) ndi matenda apakati pa khutu la khutu la khutu, kabowo kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kali pakati pa khutu lamkati ndi mkati mwa khutu ndipo muli ndi ossicles.

Mphuno iyi imalumikizidwa ndi ngalande (chubu la Eustachian) kupita ku nasopharynx yomwe ili kuseri kwa zibowo za mphuno (onani chithunzi pansipa). Eustachian chubu imathandizira kufananiza kuthamanga kwa mpweya pakati pa ndime za mphuno, khutu lapakati ndi mpweya wakunja.

Acute otitis media (AOM) imadziwika ndi purulent effusion yomwe imakhala mu khutu la khutu.

AOM imalumikizidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus, ma virus kapena mabakiteriya omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga khutu lapakati chifukwa cha rhino-sinusitis kapena rhinopharyngite pobwereka chubu cha eustachian.

Matenda kapena kutupa kwa mphuno ndi sinuses (nasosinus), kukula kwa adenoids kungayambitsenso kutsekeka kwa chubu cha eustachian, kuchititsa madzimadzi kutuluka mu eardrum (otitis media). 'poyamba yotupa koma atengeke, mwa kutenga kachilombo, kusintha mu pachimake otitis TV. 

Mwachidule, AOM imawonetseredwa ndi kutentha thupi ndi kupweteka m'makutu amodzi kapena onse awiri (nthawi zambiri amodzi okha) omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri, koma osati nthawi zonse.

Zizindikiro za otitis ana

Zizindikiro zimatha kusokeretsa, makamaka kwa ana ndi makanda. Ganizirani za pachimake otitis media pamene: 

• mwanayo nthawi zambiri amakhudza khutu lake
• mwanayo amalira, amakwiya, amavutika kugona
• ali ndi njala.
• ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, amasokeretsa kwambiri ndi kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza
• ali ndi vuto lakumva (mwana samayankha phokoso lochepa).

Zizindikiro za pachimake otitis TV akuluakulu

• kupweteka kwapang'onopang'ono (kupunthidwa ndi kugunda kwa mtima) m'makutu, komwe kumatuluka m'mutu.
• kumverera kwa makutu otsekeka, kumva kutayika.
• nthawi zina kulira m'makutu kapena chizungulire

Pamene khutu laphulika, otitis amatha kutuluka kudzera mu ngalande ya khutu ya kutuluka kwa purulent.

Kuzindikira kwa pachimake otitis media

Dokotala ayenera kufunsidwa kuti atsimikizire za matenda a AOM ndikusankha kuyenera kwa chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kuzindikira kumachitika poyang'ana khutu la khutu, makamaka ndi maikulosikopu. Zidzakhala zotheka kusiyanitsa AOM ndi purulent effusion kuchokera ku congestive otitis, yochepetsera kutupa kwa eardrum.

Onani kuti kafukufukuyu angasonyeze mtundu wina wa pachimake otitis TV, myringitis (ie kutupa eardrum), wa mavairasi chiyambi, zopweteka kwambiri zomwe zimabweretsa pamaso pa kuwira zambiri kuphimba pafupifupi - okwana khutu., koma zimene zimangokhudza mphira wa m’khutu basi, kutanthauza kuti ataboola thovu limeneli, lomwe nthaŵi zambiri limapangitsa ululuwo kuzimiririka, thumba la m’khutu limakhalabe, popanda kuboola m’khutu.

Kusintha kwa pachimake otitis media

Ngati atachiritsidwa bwino, AOM amachiritsa masiku 8 mpaka 10, koma nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa khutu pambuyo pa chithandizo ndikuonetsetsa, makamaka kwa ana, kuti kumva kwabwerera bwino.

Kusinthika kwa AOM kotero nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyipa koma zovuta zingapo ndizotheka:

Serous kapena serum-mucous otitis

Pambuyo pa machiritso a matendawa, kumbuyo kwa khutu la khutu, kutulutsa kopanda purulent koma kotupa, kosapweteka kumapitirirabe, komwe kumbali imodzi kumalimbikitsa kubwereza kwa AOM.

Effusion iyi imatha kupangitsa kuti ana asamamve bwino komanso kuti asamve bwino chifukwa ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilankhulo chichedwe; choncho kufunikira kowunika kumapeto kwa chithandizo. Audiogram (mayeso akumva) zingakhale zofunikira ngati mukukayikira. Ngati palibe machiritso, wina akhoza kutsogozedwa kuti apereke lingaliro la kukhazikitsa kwa transtympanic aerator.

Kuphulika kwa tympanic

The purulent effusion akhoza kukakamiza kwambiri pa eardrum yofooka (panthawiyi ululu umakhala wovuta kwambiri) ndipo umayambitsa kuphulika kwa khutu., nthawi zina mafinya amatuluka magazi omwe nthawi zambiri amatsitsa ululu.

Pambuyo pochiritsa, khutu la khutu limatsekeka zokha, koma nthawi zosinthika kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha miyezi ingapo.

Zochitika zapadera

• la meningitis
• labyrinthite
• mastoiditis, osowa lero
• otitis aakulu - kuphatikizapo cholesteatoma, mawonekedwe a otitis aakulu - ayambanso kuchepa. 

Ana, okhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu

Pofika zaka 3, akuti pafupifupi 85% ya ana adzakhala ndi AOM imodzi, ndipo theka adzakhala ndi awiri. AOM imakhudza makamaka ana, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi malo a chubu chawo cha eustachian (chopapatiza komanso chokhazikika chopingasa) komanso kusakhwima kwa chitetezo chawo. Anyamata ali pachiwopsezo pang'ono kuposa atsikana, pazifukwa zomwe sitikudziwa.

Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa katemera wina, makamaka katemera wolimbana ndi pneumococcus ndi Haemophilus fuluwenza, apangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa otitis media komanso mafupipafupi a ma AOM omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majeremusi osamva ma antibiotic. 

AOM imachitika makamaka pakasokonekera kwa chubu cha eustachian, serum-mucous otitis (madzimadzi osakhazikika kuseri kwa khutu la eardrum amakhala ophatikizika mosavuta), matenda obwerezabwereza a mphuno kapena ma sinuses a matupi awo sagwirizana kapena osagwirizana. .

Zimakhalanso zofala kwambiri panthawi ya matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi (ana obadwa msanga, osadya bwino, ndi zina zotero) kapena mawonekedwe a nkhope, trisomy 21, cleft palate (kapena harelip) mwachitsanzo.

Mumadwala bwanji khutu?

•     Kupezeka ku nazale kapena creche.
•     Kukhudzidwa ndi utsi wa fodya kapena kuipitsidwa kwambiri.
•     Kuyamwitsa m'mabotolo m'malo moyamwitsa (onani gawo la Katetezedwe).
•     Kudyetsa botolo mutagona.
•     Kugwiritsa ntchito pacifier pafupipafupi
•     Kupanda kuwomba koyenera