Zamkatimu
Ma uvuni amakono apanga kuphika njira yodalirika yokonzera chakudya chokoma chotsimikizika popanda zovuta. Ndimangoyika nsomba, ndiwo zamasamba kapena nyama mu uvuni wokonzedweratu, "ndayiwala" za izi kwa mphindi 10 mpaka maola angapo - ndipo voila, mumakhala ndi chakudya chamadzulo chokwanira osasunthika. Ngati mungatsegule mwachidule chilichonse chophika chophika uvuni, chimawonetsa kutentha kwamadigiri a 180 mpaka 220, kapena kupitilira apo. Njirayi ili ndi zabwino zonse ndi zovuta zingapo.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kophika uvuni
Chofunikira kwambiri pakuphika mu uvuni (titchule kuti ndichikhalidwe) ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwophika kwa malonda, komwe timayesetsa. Zilibe kanthu ngati mukufuna kupeza yowotcha ya Medium Rare yowotcha ng'ombe (kutentha kophika - madigiri 55) kapena kupitilira kuchimo, mumakonda kuyaka nyama yonse (kutentha kofikira ndi madigiri 70): onse awiriwo Zotsatira zake ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa madigiri 180-220. Kunena mophiphiritsira, timagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a hayidiroliki kuti tigwire kanyumba kakang'ono. Chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kuphika ndi kutentha kumakhala ndi zabwino zingapo, zazikuluzikulu ndizo:
- Time… Ulalo wolumikizana pakati pa gwero la kutentha ndi zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa mu uvuni ndi mpweya, ndipo monga mukudziwa (kapena sindikudziwa) kuchokera kumaphunziro afizikiki yasukulu, mpweya umakhala ndi matenthedwe otsika kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatenthetsa pang'onopang'ono yokha ndikuwotcha pang'onopang'ono zomwe zimakumana nazo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake titha kutenthetsa posamba kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 100, ndipo ng'ombe yowotcha, yomwe imachotsedwa mu uvuni, imakhalabe yowutsa mudyo komanso yapinki podulidwa. Komabe, momwemonso, izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuyika kutentha pamwamba pa kutentha komwe tikufuna kuphika, apo ayi tidzadikira kwazaka zambiri.
- yachangu… Kodi nyama yophika yophika pakamwa imawoneka bwanji, chifukwa ndazitenga monga chitsanzo? Inde, mkati mwake muli yowutsa mudyo komanso pinki - koma mawonekedwe ake ayenera kukhala ofiira, okazinga, osangalatsa. Izi mwachangu zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe Maillard anachita, pomwe kutentha kumafika madigiri 120 kupitilira apo, kutentha kwa shuga kumachitika. Pokuwotcha nyama kutentha kwambiri, timapanga njira zoyenera kuchitira izi, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera popanda kuwotchera: zonse zimachitika mu uvuni, osachita chilichonse.
- Kuyang'anira… Mawu oti "ndayiwala" m'ndime yoyamba ya nkhaniyi, ndidayika pamndandanda wa mawu pazifukwa: simudzatha kuiwala za nkhuku kapena nsomba zophikidwa mu uvuni. Kupanda kutero, mutaphonya kwa theka la ola, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga mbale yosadyeka, kapena ngakhale kuphika kwathunthu kwamakala amakala. Chokhumudwitsa kwambiri, njirayi ndiyosasinthika, kuyika, monga momwe adaimbira munyimbo yakale, sikungabwererenso.
- Evapition… Kuphika pamwamba madigiri 100 kuli ndi zotsatira zina, ndipo mukudziwa zomwe ndikunena, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe A mu sayansi. Pakatenthedwe kameneka, madzi amasanduka nthunzi, ndipo ngati tikulankhula za madzi omwe apangidwa pachokha, adzauma chifukwa. Ndikosavuta kuyanika chidutswa cha nyama kapena nsomba, ankhandwe ndi nkhungu ndi chivindikiro - koma ndendende zomwe zimathandiza, ndipo osachotseratu vutolo.
- Kusiyana kwa kutentha… Imakalipobe, ndipo kutentha komwe kumatha kutentha sikungathetse izi. Pomwe timagwiritsa ntchito thermometer ya nyama kuyeza kutentha kwapakati pa nyama yathu yowotcha, zigawo zake zakunja zimakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndipo zimauma mwachangu. Ng'ombe yophika yophika bwino, nyama iyi yowuma kwambiri idzakhala yopyapyala ndipo siyingatilepheretse kudya chidutswa chathu mosangalala, koma ngati mungaphonye pang'ono - ndipo ndiye, zitsani.
Zovuta zonsezi zitha kuphatikizidwa kukhala chimodzi - "Ngati simusamalira zomwe zaphikidwa mu uvuni, mutha kuwononga chakudya" - ndipo, zowonadi, zabwino zophika pachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimaposa izi. Koma palinso mwayi wopita njira ina - kuchepetsa kutentha ndikuwonjezera nthawi yophika. Njira zingapo zophikira zimatsatira mfundo imeneyi.
Kutentha kochepa
Kuphika kotsika pang'ono pamitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana kumagwira ntchito ndi kutentha kuyambira 50 (kutsika sikuphikanso, koma kutentha pang'ono) mpaka madigiri 100, ndiye kuti, osati pamwamba pa malo otentha (ndipo, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kwa ife, yogwira evaporation) yamadzi. Mukudziwa mitundu yayikulu yakuphika kotsika kwambiri:
Kuwira ndi stew
Kuphika chakudya mumadzimadzi kumakupatsani mwayi woti musadandaule kwambiri pakuumitsa: chifukwa cha ichi, madzi omwe mukuwotchera kapena kuwotcha akuyenera kuyuma kaye kapena, molondola, asanduke nthunzi, ndipo izi ndizosavuta kutsatira kuposa kuyeza chinyezi chidutswa cha nyama.
Madzi osamba kuphika
Zogulitsa (nthawi zambiri zamadzimadzi kapena zowoneka bwino) zimasamutsidwa ku chidebe, chomwe chimayikidwa mu chidebe china chodzaza ndi madzi. Simuyenera kudandaula za kutenthedwa - madzi omwe amazungulira chidebecho ndi chakudya kumbali zonse sangawalole kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 100 mpaka atasungunuka kwathunthu. Umu ndi momwe ma dessert ndi ma pate amakonzedwera, ndipo mutha kuwerenga za kusamba kwamadzi mwatsatanetsatane apa.
Kuphika nthunzi
Zogulitsazo zimayikidwa pamadzi otentha ndikuphimba ndi chivindikiro chomwe sichimamasula nthunzi, kukakamiza kuti chizizungulira mkati. Chotsatira chake, mankhwalawa amaphikidwa pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri 100, osauma ndipo samataya zokometsera zomwe zili mmenemo, zomwe, panthawi yophika, zimapita m'madzi. Ndinalemba zambiri za steaming apa.
Su-vid
Zogulitsazo zimadzaza mu thumba la pulasitiki, kumizidwa m'madzi, kutentha kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi kulondola kwa magawo a digiri, ndikuphika motere kwa maola angapo, kapena masiku. Zotsatira zake, mbaleyo imawotcha mofanana mu makulidwe ake onse, imasunga kukoma kwake ndipo imakhala yowutsa mudyo. Zoonadi, njira ya sous-vide singafotokozedwe mwachidule, kotero kuti mudziwe zambiri ndikupangira kulozera ku nkhani yanga Sous-vide Technology: A Complete Guide.
Kutentha kochepa
Popeza sindinalembe nkhani yapadera yokhudza kuphika kotsika, mosiyana ndi njira zina zothetsera kutentha pang'ono, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane. Kuphika kotsika pang'ono ndikuphika komweko mu uvuni monga momwe timadziwira, koma kutentha kwambiri, pamlingo wofanana wa madigiri 50-100.
Zitha kuwoneka ngati njirayi idapangidwa posachedwa, pomwe oyang'anira zophika adayamba kupatuka pamaphikidwe azaka zambiri ndipo osawopa kuyesera, koma kwenikweni, kuphika kotsika kotsika kwakhala ndichikhalidwe chakale. M'masiku akale, pomwe chakudya chonse chimaphikidwa mu uvuni umodzi, chimasungunuka bwino. ndiyeno, akamazizira, adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphikira mbale zosiyanasiyana.
Poyamba, pansi pamiyala yotentha, ankaphika kena kake kamene kamafuna kutentha kwambiri, koma ankaphika mofulumira mokwanira - buledi, mikate yosalala, ndi zina zambiri. Kenako panadza msuzi ndi mbale, zomwe zimaphikidwa pang'ono kutentha, komabe ndizokwera kwambiri.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, uvuni usatenthedwenso, zidutswa zolimba za nyama zidatumizidwa mmenemo, zomwe zimafooka kwa maola ambiri kutentha pang'ono, kumachepetsa ndikumva kukoma. Lero, kuphika kotsika kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi Zolinga zomwezo: kuphika pang'onopang'ono pamatenthedwe otsika kumathandizira kufewetsa mabala olimba, kusintha kwa minofu yolumikizana kukhala gelatin, komanso kutentha pang'ono kumathandiza nyama yotere kukhalabe ndi timadziti tambiri, chifukwa mulibe kulemera kwake. Komabe, kuphika kotsika pang'ono kumakhala ndi zovuta zake - kotero, nyama imatha kuuma, chifukwa chinyezi chimakhala chonchi kapena mwinanso chimachitika mwachilengedwe.
Pofuna kuchepetsa njirayi, nyamayo imatha kuikidwa mu nkhungu ndikuwonjezera madzi pang'ono (kapena osawonjezeredwa, kutengera momwe nyama yomwe tikuphika imadzimira) ndikuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo. Chosavuta china ndikuti nyama yophika motere ilibe kandalama konse. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri zimabweretsedwa kutentha kapena kokazinga - mwina koyambirira kapena kumapeto, asanatumikire. Komabe, kwa iwo omwe amakazinga amatsutsana, zovuta izi zitha kukhala mwayi, ndikupatsa mwayi wolawa nyama yokoma yophikidwa mu uvuni.
Kutentha Kuphika Maphikidwe
Kwenikweni, mutha kuphika chidutswa chilichonse cha nyama motere - ingotsitsani kutentha ndikuwonjezera nthawi yophika. Zamasamba ndi nsomba amathanso kuphikidwa pamtentha, koma izi sizomveka, sangapindule ndi njirayi. Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro la njirayi, nazi maphikidwe okonzeka. Ena mwa iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha pang'ono pang'ono kuposa madigiri a 100, chifukwa chake, sikutentha kochepa, koma pakati, koma amathanso kuphikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
- Mwanawankhosa wokazinga pang'onopang'ono
- Ng'ombe yophika
- Miyendo ya bakha mu uvuni
- Nkhumba
- Miyendo Yotsekedwa Yotsekedwa