Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Amanita phalloides

• Flying agaric wobiriwira
• Flying agaric white

M'mayiko olankhula Chingerezi, Pale grebe adalandira dzina lodziwika bwino la "death cap" - "death cap", "death cap".

Makhalidwe amtunduwu ndi awa:

• volva yoyera yooneka ngati thumba mozungulira m'munsi mwa mwendo
• mphete
• mbale zoyera
• chizindikiro choyera cha spore powder
• kusowa grooves pa chipewa

Chipewa cha Pale Grebe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chamtundu wobiriwira kapena bulauni, ngakhale mtundu siwomwe umakhala wodalirika wodziwira bowa, chifukwa umasinthasintha. Nthawi zina mawanga oyera amakhalabe pachipewa, zotsalira za chophimba wamba.

mutu: 4-16 masentimita awiri, poyamba pafupifupi kuzungulira kapena oval. Ndi kukula kwake, imakhala yowoneka bwino, kenako yowoneka bwino, yosalala-yowoneka bwino, kuti ikhale yosalala mu bowa wakale kwambiri. Khungu la kapu ndi losalala, ladazi, lomamatira mu nyengo yamvula komanso lonyezimira mu nyengo youma. Mtundu umakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wazitona, wachikasu mpaka bulauni (mawonekedwe osowa oyera a "albino" nthawi zambiri amamera ndi zipewa zamitundu). Mu zitsanzo zamitundu yobiriwira ndi azitona, ulusi wakuda wowoneka bwino umawonekera, mumitundu yotuwa yotuwa ulusiwu sudziwika bwino, wamtundu wa bulauni umakhala wovuta kuwona. Pa zipewa zazing'ono pakhoza kukhala zoyera zoyera, "warts", zotsalira za chophimba momwe mluza wa bowa umayambira, mofanana ndi mu red fly agaric yodziwika bwino. Koma mu grebe yotuwa, “njerewere” zimenezi nthaŵi zambiri zimatha ndi ukalamba: zimagwa kapena kukokoloka ndi mvula.

mbale: kwaulere kapena pafupifupi kwaulere. White (nthawi zina amakhala ndi tinge wobiriwira pang'ono). Nthawi zambiri, yotakata.

mwendoKukula: 5-18 cm wamtali ndi 1-2,5 cm wandiweyani. Cylindrical, pakati. Mochulukira kapena mocheperapo, nthawi zambiri kupendekera kumtunda ndikufalikira mpaka patsinde lokhuthala. Dazi kapena finely pubescent. Choyera kapena ndi mithunzi yamtundu wa chipewa, chikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi chitsanzo chokongola cha moire. Pagawo loyima, tsinde limawoneka lodzaza kapena nthawi zina lopanda dzenje, lokhala ndi kabowo kakang'ono, kamene kamakhala ndi ulusi wolunjika kwautali, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofananira ndi mtundu wa thupi.

mphete: yoyera, yayikulu, yamphamvu, yotsika pang'ono, yofanana ndi siketi ya ballerina. Pamwamba ndi tizikwapu tating'onoting'ono, pansi pamamveka pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri mphete imakhala pa tsinde kwa nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi zina imatayika.

Volvo: ngati thumba, zoyera, zooneka ngati chikho, zaulere, zimamanga tsinde lokhuthala la mwendo. Nthawi zambiri maziko a tsinde ndi Volvo amakhala otsika kwambiri, pamtunda, ndipo amatha kubisika kwathunthu ndi masamba.

Pulp: zoyera ponseponse, sizisintha mtundu zikathyoka, kudulidwa kapena kukwapulidwa.

Futa: mu bowa wamng'ono, bowa wofatsa, wokondweretsa. Kale amafotokozedwa ngati zosasangalatsa, zotsekemera.

Kukumana: malinga ndi zolemba, kukoma kwa toadstool yophika yophika ndi yokongola modabwitsa. Kukoma kwa bowa waiwisi kumatchedwa "wofewa, bowa". Chifukwa chakupha kwambiri kwa grebe wotuwa, palibe ambiri omwe akufuna kuyesa bowa, monga mukumvetsetsa. Ndipo timalimbikitsa kwambiri kupewa zokometsera zotere.

spore powder: Zoyera.

Mikangano 7-12 x 6-9 microns, yosalala, yosalala, ellipsoid, amyloid.

Basidia 4-spored, popanda zomangira.

Mphuno yotuwa imawoneka ngati mycorrhiza yokhala ndi mitengo yophukira. Choyamba, amasonyezedwa thundu, linden, birch, kawirikawiri - mapulo, hazel.

Amamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zobiriwira, zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango zodula. Imakonda malo owala, malo ochepa.

The Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary, the Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary ndi Encyclopedia of the picker bowa amasonyeza ponse paŵiri malo omera ndi nkhalango za coniferous.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa autumn, June-October.

Amagawidwa pakati pa Dziko Lathu ndi mayiko ena omwe ali ndi nyengo ya kontinenti: Belarus, our country, yomwe imapezeka m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

The North American Pale Grebe ndi chimodzimodzi ndi tingachipeze powerenga European Amanita phalloides, izo anabweretsedwa ku North America kontinenti ku California ndi New Jersey dera ndipo tsopano mwachangu kukulitsa osiyanasiyana ake ku West Coast ndi Mid-Atlantic.

Bowa ndi wakupha.

Ngakhale mlingo wochepa kwambiri ukhoza kupha.

Palibe deta yodalirika pa mlingo womwe umatengedwa "kale wakupha". Pali Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, magwero ena akuwonetsa kuti 1 g ya bowa yaiwisi pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwamoyo ndiyokwanira poyizoni wakupha. Mlembi wa cholemba ichi amakhulupirira kuti deta iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti Pale grebe ilibe imodzi, koma poizoni angapo. Poizoni wopatulidwa pa zamkati mwa bowa ndi polypeptides. Magulu atatu a poizoni adziwika: amatoxins (amanitin α, β, γ), phalloidins ndi phallolysins.

Amatoxin ndi omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo. Mlingo wakupha wa amatoxin ndi 0,1-0,3 mg/kg ya kulemera kwa thupi; Kumwa bowa limodzi kumatha kupha (40 g ya bowa imakhala ndi 5-15 mg ya amanitin α).

Phallotoxins kwenikweni ndi alkaloids, amapezeka m'mwendo wa grebe wotuwa komanso kununkhira kwa ntchentche agaric. Izi poizoni chifukwa zinchito ndi structural azingokhala mucosa chapamimba ndi matumbo mucosa mkati 6-8 hours, amene kwambiri Iyamba Kuthamanga mayamwidwe amatoxins.

Kuchenjera kwa Pale grebe ndikuti zizindikiro za poizoni sizimawonekera nthawi yomweyo, koma pambuyo pa 6-12, ndipo nthawi zina maola 30-40 mutatha kudya bowa, pamene poizoni wawononga kale chiwindi, impso ndi zonse. ziwalo zamkati.

Zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni wa Pale Toadstool zimawonekera poyizoni ikalowa mu ubongo:

• nseru
• kusanza kosalekeza
• kupweteka kwadzidzidzi m'mimba
• kufooka
• khunyu
• mutu
• masomphenya olakwika
• kenako kutsekula m'mimba kumawonjezeredwa, nthawi zambiri ndi magazi

Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonekera, mwamsanga Itanani ambulansi.

Pale grebe ndi bowa wodziwika bwino kwa munthu amene amatchera bowa. Koma pali mfundo zingapo zomwe zolakwika zowopsa zimatha kuchitika:

• bowa ndi aang'ono kwambiri, "amaswa" kuchokera ku dzira, tsinde ndi lalifupi, mpheteyo siwoneka konse: pamenepa, Pale grebe ikhoza kulakwitsa ndi mitundu ina ya zoyandama.
• bowa ndi wokalamba kwambiri, mphete yagwa, pamenepa, Pale grebe ikhozanso kulakwitsa ndi mitundu ina ya zoyandama.
• bowa ndi wokalamba kwambiri, mphete yagwa, ndipo Volvo imabisika m'masamba, momwemonso Pale grebe ikhoza kulakwitsa ndi mitundu ina ya russula kapena mizere.
• bowa amamera mophatikizana ndi mtundu wodyedwa wodziwika ndi wotola bowa, zoyandama zomwezo, russula kapena champignon, pamenepa, pakatentha nthawi yokolola, mutha kusiya kukhala maso.
• bowa kudula ndi mpeni kwambiri, pansi pa chipewa kwambiri

Malangizo osavuta kwambiri:

• fufuzani bowa lililonse lomwe limawoneka ngati grebe yotuwa pazizindikiro zonse
• osanyamula munthu wodulidwa ndikutaya zipewa za bowa zokhala ndi mbale zoyera
• mukamasonkhanitsa russula wobiriwira, zoyandama zopepuka ndi ma shampignon achichepere, fufuzani mosamala bowa aliyense
• ngati mwatola bowa "wokayikitsa" ndikukayikira kuti ndi wobiriwira, sambani m'manja m'nkhalango momwemo.

Ngati Pale Grebe amamera pafupi kwambiri ndi bowa wina wodyedwa, ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa ndi kudya bowawa?

Aliyense amasankha yekha funso ili. Ndiwo mtundu wa uchi wa agaric womwe sindingatenge.

Kodi ndizowona kuti mu Pale Grebe, osati thupi lokha lomwe lili ndi poizoni, komanso spores?

Inde ndi zoona. Amakhulupirira kuti onse spores ndi mycelium ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi zitsanzo za bowa wotuwa mudengu lanu ndi bowa wina, ganizirani: kodi ndi bwino kuyesa kutsuka bowa? Mwina ndi bwino kungowataya?

Kanema wa bowa Pale grebe:

Zithunzi zochokera ku mafunso ozindikirika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhaniyo komanso muzithunzi za nkhaniyi.