Zamkatimu
Mwina mudamvapo za Pareto Law kapena 20/80 Principle. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu ku Italy Vilfredo Pareto adapeza kuti kugawa chuma pakati pa anthu sikuli kofanana ndipo kumadalira kudalira kwina: ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chuma, chiwerengero cha anthu olemera chimachepa kwambiri ndi coefficient yokhazikika ( pakati pa mabanja a ku Italy, 80% ya ndalama inali mu 20% ya mabanja). Pambuyo pake, lingaliro ili linapangidwa m'buku lake la Richard Koch, yemwe adapempha kuti pakhale "Mfundo 20/80" yapadziko lonse (20% ya zoyesayesa zimapereka 80% ya zotsatira). M'zochita, lamulo ili nthawi zambiri silinatchulidwe mu ziwerengero zokongola zotere (werengani "Mchira Wautali" ndi Chris Anderson), koma zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kugawa kosagwirizana kwazinthu, phindu, ndalama, ndi zina zambiri.
Posanthula bizinesi, tchati cha Pareto nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kuti chiyimire kusalingana uku. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa, mwachitsanzo, zomwe malonda kapena makasitomala amabweretsa phindu lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera motere:
Zake zazikulu:
- Mzere uliwonse wa buluu wa histogram umayimira phindu la chinthucho mumtheradi ndipo amapangidwa motsatira mbali yakumanzere.
- Girafu ya lalanje imayimira kuchuluka kwa phindu (mwachitsanzo, gawo la phindu pazowonjezera).
- Pa malire ovomerezeka a 80%, mzere wopingasa nthawi zambiri umajambulidwa kuti umveke bwino. Katundu onse kumanzere kwa nsonga ya mphambano ya mzerewu ndi graph ya phindu lomwe anasonkhanitsa amatibweretsera 80% ya ndalama, katundu yense kumanja - otsala 20%.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungapangire tchati cha Pareto mu Microsoft Excel nokha.
Njira 1. Tchati chosavuta cha Pareto chotengera zomwe zapangidwa kale
Ngati magwero abwera kwa inu ngati tebulo lofananira (ndiko kuti, lomwe lamalizidwa kale):
…kenako timachita zotsatirazi.
Sanjani tebulo motsika mtengo wa phindu (tab Data - Kusanja) ndikuwonjezera ndime yokhala ndi njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa phindu:
Njirayi imagawa phindu lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha ndandanda mpaka kuzinthu zamakono ndi phindu la tebulo lonse. Timawonjezeranso ndime yokhala ndi 80% yosasinthasintha kuti tipange mzere wopingasa woduka pa tchati chamtsogolo:
Timasankha deta yonse ndikupanga histogram yokhazikika pa tabu Lowetsani - Histogram (Lowetsani - Tchati cha Mzere). Iyenera kuwoneka motere:
Maperesenti mu tchati chotsatira ayenera kutumizidwa motsatira mbali yachiwiri (kumanja). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mizere ndi mbewa, koma izi zitha kukhala zovuta, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuziwona motsutsana ndi maziko amizere yayikulu yopindulitsa. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wotsikira pansi pa tabu kuti muwunikire Kuyika or mtundu:
Kenako dinani kumanja pamzere wosankhidwa ndikusankha lamulo Mtundu Wopanga Zambiri ndipo pawindo lomwe likuwoneka, sankhani njirayo Pa axis yachiwiri (Secondary Axis). Zotsatira zake, chithunzi chathu chidzawoneka motere:
Pa mndandanda wa Accumulated Profit Share and Threshold, muyenera kusintha mtundu wa tchati kuchoka pamizere kupita ku mizere. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pamzere uliwonse ndikusankha lamulo Mtundu Wosintha Tchati.
Chotsalira ndikusankha mzere wopingasa wa Threshold ndikuupanga kuti uwoneke ngati mzere woduka osati deta (ie, chotsani zolembera, pangani mzerewo kukhala wofiira, ndi zina zotero). Zonsezi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kuwonekera kumanja pamzere ndikusankha lamulo Mtundu Wopanga Zambiri. Tsopano chithunzicho chitenga mawonekedwe ake omaliza:
Malingana ndi izo, tikhoza kunena kuti 80% ya phindu imabweretsedwa ndi katundu woyamba 5, ndi katundu wina kumanja kwa akaunti ya mbatata ndi 20% yokha ya phindu.
Mu Excel 2013, mutha kuchita izi mosavuta - gwiritsani ntchito tchati chatsopano cha combo pomwe mukukonza:
Njira 2: PivotTable ndi Pivot Pareto Tchati
Zoyenera kuchita ngati palibe deta yokonzekera yomanga, koma chidziwitso choyambirira chokha? Tiyerekeze kuti pachiyambi tili ndi tebulo lomwe lili ndi malonda monga chonchi:
Kuti mupange tchati cha Pareto ndikupeza kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri, choyamba muyenera kusanthula zomwe zachokera. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi tebulo la pivot. Sankhani selo iliyonse mu tebulo lochokera ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo Ikani - Pivot Table (Lowetsani - Pivot Table). Pazenera lapakati lomwe likuwoneka, musasinthe chilichonse ndikudina OK, kenako pagawo lomwe likuwoneka kumanja, kokerani minda yachidziwitso kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pamasanjidwe a tebulo lamtsogolo la pivot:
Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala tabu lachidule la ndalama zonse za chinthu chilichonse:
Sanjani mu dongosolo lotsika la ndalama pokhazikitsa selo yogwira ntchito pamndandanda Ndalama mu gawo la Revenue ndi kugwiritsa ntchito batani losintha От Я до А (Kuchokera Z mpaka A) tsamba Deta.
Tsopano tikufunika kuwonjezera chiwongolero chowerengera ndi chiwongola dzanja chomwe tapeza. Kuti muchite izi, kokerani munda kachiwiri Malipiro ku dera Makhalidwe pagawo lakumanja kuti mupeze gawo lobwereza mu pivot. Kenako dinani kumanja pagawo lopangidwa ndikusankha lamulo Mawerengedwe owonjezera - % ya chiwerengero chothamanga m'munda ( Onetsani Deta Monga - % Running Total In). Pazenera lomwe likuwoneka, sankhani gawolo dzina, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ndalama kudzawunjikana kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Zotulutsa ziyenera kuwoneka ngati tebulo ili:
Monga mukuonera, ili ndi pafupifupi tebulo lopangidwa mokonzeka kuchokera ku gawo loyamba la nkhaniyi. Zimangosowa chimwemwe chathunthu ndime yokhala ndi mtengo wa 80% popanga mzere woduka pachithunzi chamtsogolo. Mzere woterewu ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lowerengeka. Onetsani nambala iliyonse muchidule chake kenako dinani tabu Kunyumba - Ikani - Munda Wowerengeredwa (Kunyumba - Ikani - Munda Wowerengeredwa). Pazenera lomwe limatsegulidwa, lowetsani dzina lamunda ndi chilinganizo chake (kwa ife, chosasintha):
Pambuyo pang'anani OK ndime yachitatu idzawonjezedwa patebulo ndi mtengo wa 80% m'maselo onse, ndipo pamapeto pake idzatenga mawonekedwe ofunikira. Ndiye mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo Tchati cha Pivot (Pivot Chart) tsamba magawo (Zosankha) or Analysis (Analysis) ndikukhazikitsa tchati chimodzimodzi ndi njira yoyamba:
Kuwunikira zinthu zazikulu
Kuti muwonetse zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mizere yomwe ili kumanzere kwa mphambano ya lalanje yomwe yasonkhanitsa chiwongoladzanja chokhala ndi mzere wopingasa wa 80% ukhoza kuwunikira. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwonjezera ndime ina patebulo ndi ndondomekoyi:
Njirayi imatulutsa 1 ngati chinthucho chili kumanzere kwa mphambanoyo ndipo 0 ngati ili kumanja. Ndiye muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Timawonjezera ndime yatsopano pa tchati - njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi kukopera kosavuta, mwachitsanzo, gawo lowunikira kumbuyo, koperani (Ctrl + C), sankhani chithunzicho ndikuyika (Ctrl + V).
- Sankhani mzere wowonjezera ndikuwusintha motsatira njira yachiwiri, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
- Mtundu wa Chart Series kumbuyo kusintha kwa mizati (histogram).
- Timachotsa chilolezo cham'mbali pazinthu za mzere (dinani kumanja pamzere Kuwunikira - Mtundu wa Row - Gap Pambali) kotero kuti mizatiyo iphatikizidwe kukhala chinthu chimodzi.
- Timachotsa malire a mizati, ndikupangitsa kudzaza kukhala kosavuta.
Zotsatira zake, timapeza mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri azinthu zabwino kwambiri:
PS
Kuyambira ndi Excel 2016, tchati cha Pareto chawonjezedwa ku ma chart a Excel. Tsopano, kuti mumange izo, ingosankhani mitundu ndi pa tabu Ikani (Ikani) sankhani mtundu woyenera:
Kudina kumodzi - ndipo chithunzi chakonzeka:
- Momwe mungapangire lipoti pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo la pivot
- Khazikitsani mawerengedwe mu PivotTables
- Zomwe Zatsopano mu Ma chart mu Excel 2013
- Nkhani ya Wikipedia yokhudza malamulo a Pareto