Phiri la Pine
Ma pine amatha kusiya anthu ochepa osayanjanitsika, koma makulidwe awo sali oyenera patsamba lililonse. Koma pali paini wamapiri - chomera chophatikizika chomwe chili ndi malo m'munda uliwonse.

Phiri la Pine (Pinus mugo) m’chilengedwe amakhala kumapiri a Central ndi Southern Europe. Mtundu uwu uli ndi mitundu ingapo yachilengedwe yomwe imasiyana kutalika kwake: 

  • okulirapo - kukula kwawo pachaka kumapitilira 30 cm pachaka ndipo akafika zaka 10 amafika kutalika kwa 3 m;
  • apakati komanso apakati (semidwarj) - amakula 15 - 30 cm pachaka;
  • kakang'ono (ndalama) - kukula kwawo ndi 8 - 15 cm pachaka;
  • kakang'ono (mini) - amakula 3 - 8 cm pachaka;
  • microscopic (yaing'ono) - kukula kwawo sikudutsa 1 - 3 cm pachaka.

Mitundu yamapiri a pine

Mitundu yonse yamapiri a pine ndi masinthidwe achilengedwe omwe amafalitsidwa ndi kulumikiza. Amasiyana kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a korona. 

Nanazi (Pinus mugo var. pumilio). Izi ndi zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka ku Alps ndi Carpathians. Kumeneko imamera ngati chitsamba mpaka 1 m kutalika ndi mpaka 3 m m'mimba mwake. Nthambi zake n’zautali wosiyanasiyana ndipo zimalunjika m’mwamba. Singanozo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi. Mphukira zimasintha mtundu kuchokera ku buluu kupita ku zofiirira mchaka choyamba, koma zikakhwima zimasanduka zachikasu kenako zofiirira.

Мугус (Pinus mugo var. mughus). Mitundu ina yachilengedwe yomwe imakhala ku Eastern Alps ndi Balkan Peninsula. Ichi ndi chitsamba chachikulu, chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa 5 m. Ma cones ake amakhala achikasu-bulauni poyamba, amasanduka sinamoni akamacha. 

Pug (Mops). Zosiyanasiyana, zosapitirira 1,5 m kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake womwewo. Nthambi zake ndi zazifupi, singano ndi zazing'ono, mpaka 4,5 cm. Singano ndi mdima wobiriwira. Imakula pang'onopang'ono. Kutentha kwachisanu - mpaka -45 ° С. 

Chingwe (Gnom). Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yachilengedwe, mitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono, koma yayikulu - imafika 2,5 m ndi mainchesi 1,5 - 2 m. Ali wamng'ono, amakula m'lifupi, koma amayamba kutambasula mu msinkhu. Singano ndi mdima wobiriwira. Imakula pang'onopang'ono. Kutentha kwachisanu - mpaka -40 ° С.

Varella. Mitundu iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe a korona ozungulira modabwitsa. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono, pofika zaka 10 sichidutsa masentimita 70 mu msinkhu ndi masentimita 50 m'mimba mwake. Ma pine akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa 1,5 m, ndipo m'mimba mwake - 1,2 m. Singano ndi mdima wobiriwira. Kutentha kwachisanu - mpaka -35 ° С.

Golide wa Zima. Mitundu yaying'ono, pazaka 10 sizimadutsa kutalika kwa 50 cm, ndipo m'mimba mwake - 1 m. Singanozo zimakhala ndi mtundu wachilendo: wobiriwira wobiriwira m'chilimwe, chikasu chagolide m'nyengo yozizira. Kukana kwa chisanu - mpaka -40 ° С.

Awa ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso mitundu yapaini yamapiri, koma pali ena omwe sakhala osangalatsa:

  • Jacobsen (Jacobsen) - wokhala ndi korona wachilendo, wofanana ndi bonsai, mpaka 40 cm wamtali ndi mainchesi 70;
  • Frisia (Frisia) - mpaka 2 m kutalika ndi mpaka 1,4 m m'mimba mwake;
  • Ofiri (Ofiri) - masinthidwe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi korona wathyathyathya, 30-40 cm wamtali ndi mainchesi 60 cm;
  • Kutentha kwa dzuwa kutalika kwa 90 cm ndi 1,4 m m'mimba mwake;
  • San Sebastian 24 - mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, pazaka 10 sichidutsa 15 cm kutalika ndi 25 cm mulifupi.

Kubzala mapiri a paini 

Paini wamapiri - chomera chopanda ulemu, chomwe chimakondwera ndi kukongola kwake kwa zaka zambiri, koma ngati chibzalidwe bwino.

Chinthu choyamba kuganizira ndi chakuti chomerachi chimakonda kuwala kochuluka. Choncho, dera liyenera kukhala lopepuka. 

Mbande za paini zamapiri zimagulitsidwa m'mitsuko, kotero palibe chifukwa chokumba dzenje lalikulu pansi pawo - m'mimba mwake liyenera kukhala lalikulu pafupifupi 10 cm kuposa chikomokere. Koma mozama ziyenera kuchitidwa zambiri kuti muyike ngalande pansi. 

Ndizotheka kubzala mitengo ya paini ndi mizu yotsekedwa (ZKS) kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

phiri chisamaliro cha paini

Pine yamapiri ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, chisamaliro chake ndi chochepa, komabe chiyenera kukhala.

Ground

Pine yamapiri sivuta pa dothi, imatha kukula pafupifupi dera lililonse, kupatula madera a madambo - sakonda madzi osasunthika.

Kuunikira

Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya paini yamapiri imakonda kuwala kokwanira tsiku lonse. Pumilio, Mugus ndi Pug pines ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chokonda kuwala - samalekerera mthunzi nkomwe. Ena onse amatha kulekerera mthunzi pang'ono. 

Kuthirira

Mitengoyi imalekerera chilala mosavuta, koma mwezi woyamba mutabzala imafunika kuthirira kwambiri - kamodzi pa sabata, malita 1 pa chitsamba chilichonse.

feteleza

Mukabzala m'dzenje, feteleza samafunika.

Kudyetsa

Mwachirengedwe, mapine amapiri amakula pamtunda wosauka, wamwala, kotero samasowa kuvala pamwamba - iwo eni amatha kudzipezera okha zakudya zoyenera.

Kubala paini wamapiri 

Mitundu yachilengedwe ya paini yamapiri imatha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Asanafesedwe, ayenera kukumana ndi stratification: chifukwa cha izi amasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wothira ndikusungidwa mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, mutha kubzala m'sukulu mozama masentimita 1,5.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masinthidwe imatha kufalitsidwa ndi kumezanitsa. Mtunduwu sufalitsidwa ndi kudula.

Matenda a paini

Paini wamapiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo monga mitundu ina ya paini. 

Pine spinner (kuwombera dzimbiri). Choyambitsa matendawa ndi bowa. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zitha kudziwika kumapeto kwa nyengo - singano zimasanduka zofiirira, koma osasweka. 

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa, akhoza kuwononga mtengo mu zaka zingapo. Ndipo, mwa njira, bowa amakhudza osati paini okha, makamu ake apakatikati ndi popula ndi aspens. 

Chithandizo cha dzimbiri chimafunika mwamsanga zizindikiro zoyamba zitadziwika. Kuchiza ndi Bordeaux madzi (1%) kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, koma payenera kukhala 3-4 mwa iwo: koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndiyeno kangapo ndi kusiyana kwa masiku asanu.

Brown Shutte (chipale chofewa cha bulauni). Matendawa amagwira ntchito kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira - amayamba pansi pa chisanu. Chizindikiro ndi chophimba choyera pa singano. 

Pochiza, mankhwala a Hom kapena Rakurs amagwiritsidwa ntchito (1).

Kuwombera khansa (scleroderriosis). Matendawa amakhudza mphukira, ndipo zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka kumapeto kwa nthambi - zimatsika, kupeza mawonekedwe a ambulera. M'chaka, singano pa zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimakhala zachikasu, koma posakhalitsa zimasanduka bulauni. Kugawa kumachitika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati matendawa sanachiritsidwe, amapita patsogolo ndikupangitsa kufa kwa kotekisi (2). 

Mipaini yaying'ono, momwe tsinde lake silidutsa 1 cm, ndizopanda ntchito kuchiza - zidzafa. Mitengo yokhwima imatha kuchiritsidwa, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito Fundazol.

tizirombo ta mapiri a paini

Paini wamapiri sagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, koma wina amapezekabe.

Shield pine. Uyu ndi mlendo wosowa kumapiri a pine, amakonda Scotch pine, koma chifukwa cha njala amatha kukhazikika pamtunduwu. Kachilomboka ndi kakang'ono, pafupifupi 2 mm. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa singano. Masingano owonongeka amasanduka bulauni ndikugwa. Kachilombo kameneka kamakonda kwambiri mitengo yosakwana zaka zisanu (5). 

Ndizopanda ntchito kumenyana ndi akuluakulu - amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba ndipo mankhwala samamwa. Koma pali uthenga wabwino - amakhala nyengo imodzi yokha. Koma amasiya ana ambiri. Ndipo ndi iye kuti muyenera kumenyana mpaka mphutsi zitapeza chipolopolo.

Kuchiza kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumachitika mu Julayi ndi Actellik.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za mitengo yapaini yamapiri ndi Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pine pine pakupanga malo?

Chomerachi ndi pulasitiki kwambiri, chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, choncho chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizana ndi zomera zina za coniferous. Mawonekedwe ocheperako ndi abwino kwa ma slide a alpine ndi rockeries. Mitengoyi imawoneka bwino m'minda yamaluwa ndi zitsamba. Ndipo, ndithudi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi mapine ena.

Kodi ndizotheka kulima paini wamapiri pa thunthu?

Inde, mungathe, ngati mutamezanitsa mphukira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono pamtundu wautali wamtunduwu. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira imodzi kapena zingapo zitha kusiyidwa pachitsa. Kumezanitsa kumatha kupangidwanso, mwachitsanzo, kudula gawo la nthambi ndikutsina nsonga - mutha kupanga mtundu wina wa bonsai.

N'chifukwa chiyani mtengo wa paini wamapiri umasanduka wachikasu?

Singano za paini wamapiri zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 4, kotero kuti akale amasanduka achikasu ndikusweka pakapita nthawi - izi ndi zachilendo. Ngati singano zonse zimasanduka zachikasu, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake ndi matenda kapena tizirombo.

Magwero a

  1. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation

    https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

  2. Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD Matenda owopsa osaphunzira pang'ono a conifers m'nkhalango za Dziko Lathu: ed. 2 ndi, rev. ndi zina // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
  3. Tizilombo ta Gray GA Pine - ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) m'chigawo cha Volgograd

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/schitovka-sosnovaya-ucaspis-pusilla-low-1883-homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti

Siyani Mumakonda