M'maganizo a anthu amakono, lingaliro la zamasamba, monga gawo lovomerezeka lazochita zauzimu, limagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi miyambo ya Kum'mawa (Vedic, Buddhist) ndi maonekedwe a dziko. Komabe, chifukwa cha lingaliro loterolo sikuli konse kuti mchitidwe ndi chiphunzitso cha Chikristu chilibe lingaliro la kukana nyama. Ndizosiyana: kuyambira chiyambi cha chikhristu ku Russia, njira yake inali "ndondomeko yotsutsana" ndi zosowa za anthu wamba, omwe sanafune "kuzama" muzochita zauzimu, komanso zofuna za amene ali mu mphamvu. Chitsanzo chowonetsera ndi "Nthano yosankha chikhulupiriro cha Prince Vladimir", yomwe ili mu "Tale of Bygone Years" ya 986. Ponena za chifukwa chimene Vladimir anakanira Chisilamu, nthanoyo ikunena kuti: “Koma izi n’zimene ankadana nazo: mdulidwe ndi kusadya nyama ya nkhumba, ndiponso za kumwa, makamaka ponena kuti: “Sitingakhale popanda izo, chifukwa zosangalatsa ku Rus 'ndikumwa. Nthawi zambiri mawuwa amatanthauziridwa ngati chiyambi cha kufalikira ndi mabodza a kuledzera pakati pa anthu a ku Russia. Poyang’anizana ndi maganizo otero a andale, tchalitchicho sichinalalikire mofala ponena za kufunika kwa kusiya nyama ndi vinyo kaamba ka khamu lalikulu la okhulupirira. Nyengo ndi miyambo yokhazikika yazakudya za Rus sizinathandizenso. Mlandu umodzi wokha wodziletsa ku nyama, womwe umadziwika bwino kwa amonke ndi anthu wamba, ndi Lent Wamkulu. Cholemba ichi chikhoza kutchedwa kuti chofunika kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense wokhulupirira wa Orthodox. Ikutchedwanso kuti Chiyembekezo Choyera, kukumbukira masiku 40 a kusala kudya kwa Yesu Khristu, amene ali m’chipululu. Masiku makumi anayi oyenera (masabata asanu ndi limodzi) amatsatiridwa ndi Sabata Loyera - kukumbukira masautso (zolakalaka) za Khristu, zomwe Mpulumutsi wa dziko lapansi adaganiza mwaufulu kuti akhululukire machimo aumunthu. Sabata Loyera limatha ndi tchuthi chachikulu komanso chowala kwambiri chachikhristu - Isitala kapena Kuuka kwa Khristu. Pamasiku onse osala kudya, ndizoletsedwa kudya zakudya "zofulumira": nyama ndi mkaka. Zimaletsedwanso kusuta komanso kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Tchalitchichi chimalola kuti Loweruka ndi Lamlungu la Great Lent kumwa vinyo wosapitirira katatu (chotengera chachikulu cha nkhonya) pa chakudya. Nsomba zimaloledwa kudyedwa ndi ofooka okha, kupatulapo. Masiku ano, nthawi ya kusala kudya, ma cafes ambiri amapereka mndandanda wapadera, ndipo makeke, mayonesi ndi zinthu zina zopanda mazira zimapezeka m'masitolo. Malinga ndi buku la Genesis, poyambirira, pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la chilengedwe, Yehova analola munthu ndi nyama zonse chakudya chamasamba: “Taonani, ndakupatsani inu therere lililonse lakubala mbewu, lili m’dziko lonse lapansi, ndi mitengo yonse yobala zipatso. mtengo wobala mbewu: ichi chidzakhala chakudya chanu” (1.29:XNUMX). Palibe munthu kapena nyama iliyonse imene poyamba inkaphana ndipo sizinkavulazana. Nyengo ya “zamasamba” yachilengedwe chonse inapitiriza kufikira nthaŵi ya kuipa kwa anthu Chigumula chapadziko lonse chisanachitike. Nkhani zambiri za m'mbiri ya Chipangano Chakale zimasonyeza kuti chilolezo chodya nyama ndi kuvomereza kokha ku chikhumbo chouma khosi cha munthu. Ndicho chifukwa chake, pamene Aisrayeli anatuluka mu Igupto, kusonyeza ukapolo wa mzimu poyambira nkhaniyo, funso lakuti “adzatidyetsa ndani nyama? (Num. 11:4) Baibulo limaonedwa kuti ndi “chifuniro” chabodza cha moyo wa munthu. Bukhu la Numeri limasimba mmene, osakhutitsidwa ndi mana amene Yehova anawatumizira, Ayuda anayamba kung’ung’udza, kufuna kudya nyama. Yehova wokwiya anawatumizira zinziri, koma m’mawa mwake onse amene anadya mbalamezo anakanthidwa ndi mliri: “33. Nyama zyakali mumeno aabo mbozyakali kukonzya kucitwa, mpoonya Jehova wakazumanana kulwana bantu, pele Jehova wakabagwasya bantu kuba basinkondonyina. 34 Ndipo malowo anatcha dzina la Kibiroti-Gatava, chifukwa kumeneko anaika anthu amatsenga.” (Num. 11: 33-34). Kudya nyama ya nyama yoperekedwa nsembe kunali, choyamba, tanthauzo lophiphiritsira (nsembe kwa Wamphamvuyonse ya zilakolako za nyama zomwe zimatsogolera ku uchimo). Mwambo wakale, womwe panthaŵiyo unalembedwa m’Chilamulo cha Mose, unangolingalira za kugwiritsira ntchito nyama mwamwambo chabe. Chipangano Chatsopano chili ndi mafotokozedwe angapo omwe kunja kwake amatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakusadya zamasamba. Mwachitsanzo, chozizwitsa chodziwika bwino chimene Yesu anadyetsa anthu ambiri ndi nsomba ziwiri ndi mikate isanu ( Mateyu 15:36 ). Komabe, munthu sayenera kukumbukira zenizeni zenizeni, komanso tanthauzo lophiphiritsira la gawoli. Chizindikiro cha nsomba chinali chizindikiro chachinsinsi ndi mawu achinsinsi, ochokera ku mawu achi Greek ichthus, nsomba. M’chenicheni, inali acrostic yopangidwa ndi zilembo zazikulu za mawu Achigiriki akuti: “Iesous Christos Theou Uios Soter” - “Yesu Kristu, Mwana wa Mulungu, Mpulumutsi.” Kutchula nsomba kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro cha Khristu, ndipo alibe chochita ndi kudya nsomba zakufa. Koma chizindikiro cha nsomba sichinavomerezedwe ndi Aroma. Iwo anasankha cizindikilo ca mtanda, ndipo anakonda kuganizila kwambili za imfa ya Yesu m’malo moganizila za moyo wake wapadela. Mbiri ya kumasuliridwa kwa Mauthenga Abwino m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi ikuyenera kufufuzidwa mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale m’Baibulo lachingelezi la m’nthaŵi za Mfumu George, malo angapo m’Mauthenga Abwino mmene mawu Achigiriki akuti “trophe” (chakudya) ndi “broma” (chakudya) anagwiritsiridwa ntchito anatembenuzidwa kukhala “nyama”. Mwamwayi, m’matembenuzidwe a sinodi a tchalitchi cha Orthodox m’Chirasha, zambiri mwa zolakwika zimenezi zakonzedwa. Komabe, ndime ya Yohane M’batizi imati iye anadya “dzombe,” limene nthawi zambiri limamasuliridwa kuti “mtundu wa dzombe” (Mat. 3,4). M’chenicheni, liwu Lachigiriki lakuti “dzombe” limatanthauza chipatso cha mtengo wa pseudo-acacia kapena carob, umene unali mkate wa St. John. Mu mwambo wa utumwi, timapezamo maubwino akusadya nyama kaamba ka moyo wauzimu. Mtumwi Paulo analemba kuti: “Ndi bwino kusadya nyama, kusamwa vinyo, kapena kusachita chilichonse chimene chingakhumudwitse m’bale wako, kapena kukhumudwa, kapena kukomoka.” (Aroma XNUMX:XNUMX; (Adasankhidwa mu 14: 21). Choncho, ngati chakudya chikukhumudwitsa m’bale wanga, sindidzadyanso nyama, kuti ndisakhumudwitse m’bale wanga.” ( 1 Kor. 8: 13). Eusebius, Bishopu wa ku Kaisareya wa ku Palestine ndi Nicephorus, olemba mbiri ya tchalitchi, anasunga m’mabuku awo umboni wa Philo, wafilosofi wachiyuda, yemwe anakhalako m’nthaŵi ya atumwi. Poyamikira moyo wabwino wa Akristu a ku Aigupto, iye anati: “Iwo (ie Akhristu) amasiya nkhawa zonse za chuma chakanthawi ndipo samasamalira chuma chawo, osaganizira chilichonse padziko lapansi kukhala chawochawo, chokondedwa kwa iwo eni. <...> Palibe aliyense wa iwo amene amamwa vinyo, ndipo onse sadya nyama, koma amangowonjezera mchere ndi hisope (udzu wowawa) pa mkate ndi madzi. "Charter of the hermit life" yotchuka ya St. Anthony Wamkulu (251-356), m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa bungwe la monasticism. Mu mutu wakuti "Pa Chakudya" St. Anthony akulemba kuti: (37) “Musadye nyama konse”, (38) “musayandikire malo amene anoleredwa vinyo.” Mawu ameneŵa ngwosiyana chotani nanga ndi zithunzithunzi zofalitsidwa mofala za mafuta, osati amonke osadziletsa kwenikweni okhala ndi chikho cha vinyo m’dzanja lina ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo m’dzanja lina! Zonena za kukana nyama, pamodzi ndi machitidwe ena a ntchito yauzimu, zili m'mbiri ya anthu ambiri otchuka odziletsa. “Moyo wa Sergius wa ku Radonezh, Wodabwitsa” ikusimba kuti: “Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wake, khandalo linadzisonyeza kukhala wofulumira kwambiri. Makolo ndi omwe ali pafupi ndi mwanayo anayamba kuona kuti sanadye mkaka wa amayi Lachitatu ndi Lachisanu; sanakhudze mawere a amayi ake masiku ena pamene adadya nyama; ataona izi, mayiyo anakana kotheratu chakudya cha nyama. “Moyo” umachitira umboni kuti: “Podzipezera yekha chakudya, wamonkeyo anasala kudya kwambiri, amadya kamodzi patsiku, ndipo Lachitatu ndi Lachisanu anasala kudya kotheratu. Pa sabata yoyamba ya Lent Woyera, sanadye chakudya mpaka Loweruka, pamene adalandira Mgonero wa Zinsinsi Zopatulika. HYPERLINK “” M’nyengo yotentha, m’busayo ankasonkhanitsa moss m’dambo kuti awonjezere manyowa m’mundamo; udzudzu unamuluma mopanda chifundo, koma iye mosasamala anapirira kuzunzika kumeneku, akumati: “Chilakolako chimathedwa ndi kuzunzika ndi chisoni, kaya mwachisawawa kapena chotumizidwa ndi Chitsogozo.” Kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu, monkyo ankadya therere limodzi lokha, goutweed, lomwe limamera mozungulira chipinda chake. Palinso kukumbukira mmene St. Seraphim anadyetsa chimbalangondo chachikulu ndi mkate umene anabweretsa kwa iye kuchokera ku nyumba ya amonke. Mwachitsanzo, Wodala Matrona Anemnyasevskaya (zaka za m'ma XIX) anali wakhungu kuyambira ali mwana. Iye ankaona nsanamira makamaka mosamalitsa. Sindinadyepo nyama kuyambira ndili ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuwonjezera pa Lachitatu ndi Lachisanu, ankasala kudya komweko Lolemba. Pa nthawi yosala kudya kutchalitchi, iye sankadya chilichonse kapena kudya pang’ono. Martyr Eugene, Metropolitan wa Nizhny Novgorod XX atumwi) kuchokera 1927 mpaka 1929 anali mu ukapolo ku Zyryansk dera (Komi AO). Vladyka anali wothamanga kwambiri ndipo, ngakhale kuti moyo wa msasa unali wovuta, sanadye nyama kapena nsomba ngati zinaperekedwa pa nthawi yolakwika. Mu gawo limodzi, munthu wamkulu, bambo Anatoly, akuti: - Gulitsani zonse zoyera. - Zonse? - Sambani chilichonse. Hu? Gulitsani, simudzanong'oneza bondo. Kwa nkhumba zanu, ndamva kuti apereka ndalama zabwino.
2022-11-11