Zamkatimu
Pamodzi ndi poizoni, pali mitundu ingapo ya mizere yodyedwa. Zowona, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya pokhapokha atawiritsa koyambirira. Malingana ndi chithunzi ndi kufotokozera, bowa wopalasa ndi ofanana, choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa amateurs kusiyanitsa bowa wakupha ndi omwe alibe poizoni. Odziwa bwino bowa amalangizidwa kuti adziwe mphatso za nkhalangoyi kuti zitheke motere: yang'anani momwe bowa akupalasa amawonekera masana - ngati zipewa zawo zilibe mthunzi, amapaka utoto wosalala, woyera, bowa wotere ayenera kupewa. . Bowa wopalasa wodyera nthawi zonse amakhala amitundu: lilac, wofiirira, pinki, etc. Mitundu yapoizoni imakhalanso ndi fungo lodziwika bwino. Ngati simukudziwa kuti mizere ndi chiyani, ndibwino kuti musatole bowa wamtunduwu kuti mupewe poizoni.
M'nkhaniyi, muwona zithunzi za mizere yodyedwa yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (yachikasu-yofiira, imvi, yofiirira, njiwa ndi violet), fotokozani za iwo, ndikukuuzani komwe amamera.
Bowa akupalasa chikasu chofiira ndi chithunzi chake
Category: zodyedwa mokhazikika
Chipewa cha Tricholomopsis rutilans (m'mimba mwake 6-17 cm) ndi chofiyira, chokhala ndi mamba ofiira, opindika. Pakapita nthawi, amasintha mawonekedwe kukhala pafupifupi lathyathyathya. Velvety, youma mpaka kukhudza.
Mwendo wakupalasa wachikasu (kutalika kwa 5-12 cm): yopindika komanso yopindika, yokhala ndi mamba a ulusi m'utali wonse ndi kukhuthala koonekera m'munsi. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi chipewa.
Mbiri: sinuous, ndimu wowala kapena wolemera wachikasu.
Samalani chithunzi cha mzere wofiyira wachikasu: mnofu wake ndi wofanana ndi mbale. Imakhala ndi kukoma kowawa, kununkhiza ngati nkhuni zowola.
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Pawiri: palibe.
Pamene kukula: kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala m'malo otentha a Dziko Lathu.
Komwe mungapeze: m'nkhalango za coniferous pazitsa zowola ndi nkhuni zakufa.
Kudya: makamaka achinyamata bowa mu mchere kapena kuzifutsa mawonekedwe, phunziro kuyambirira otentha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe: sizikugwira ntchito.
Mayina ena: pine uchi wa agaric, mzere wochita manyazi, uchi wachikasu wofiira, agaric wachikasu wofiyira, uchi wofiira wofiira.
Mzere wobiriwira wobiriwira: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera (Tricholoma portentosum)
Category: chodyedwa.
Chipewa (m'mimba mwake 3-13 cm): kawirikawiri imvi, kawirikawiri ndi utoto wofiirira kapena azitona, kwambiri pakati, ndi tubercle womveka bwino. Convex kapena conical, amakhala wogwada pakapita nthawi, mu bowa akale amawonekera. Mphepete zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosagwirizana komanso zopindika kapena zophimbidwa ndi ming'alu, yopindika mkati. M'nyengo yamvula, poterera, nthawi zambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tanthaka kapena udzu wokhazikika.
Mwendo (kutalika 4,5-16 cm): zoyera kapena zachikasu, nthawi zambiri zaufa. Wokhuthala m'munsi, mosalekeza ndi fibrous, dzenje mu wakale bowa.
Mbiri: zotupa, zoyera kapena zachikasu.
Zamkati: wandiweyani ndi fibrous, mtundu wofanana ndi mbale. Zilibe fungo lomveka.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa mzere wa imvi ndi wofanana ndi mitundu yapoizoni ya bowa, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala potola bowa.
Pawiri: Kupalasa kwa nthaka (Tricholoma terreum), yomwe ndi yaying'ono ndipo ili ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono pachipewa. Mzere wa sopo (Tricholoma saponaceum) ndiwosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi fungo la sopo wochapira pamalo odulidwa. Mzere wapoizoni (Tricholoma virgatum) uli ndi kukoma koyaka, pali tubercle yotuwa pa chipewa choyera phulusa. Ndipo mzerewu ndi wosiyana (Tricholoma sejunctum), womwe uli m'gulu lodyera, uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso lobiriwira la mwendo.
Pamene kukula: kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Novembala m'maiko otentha a Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Kudya: bowa ndi chokoma mwamtundu uliwonse, muyenera choyamba kuchotsa khungu ndikutsuka bwino. Pambuyo kuphika, mtundu wa zamkati nthawi zambiri mdima. Bowa azaka zosiyanasiyana ndi oyenera zophikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe (zambiri sizinatsimikizidwe ndipo sizinayesedwe!): mu mawonekedwe a tincture. Ali ndi ma antibiotic.
Ndingapeze kuti: pa dothi lamchenga la coniferous kapena losakanikirana
Mayina ena: kupalasa aswa, podsosnovnik, podzelenka.
Row bowa wofiirira: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza
Category: zodyedwa mokhazikika.
Chipewa cha bowa (Lepista nuda) (m'mimba mwake 5-22 cm): violet yokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, imazimiririka, makamaka m'mphepete, mu bowa wakale imakhala bulauni-buffy. Nyama ndi zazikulu. Maonekedwe a hemisphere amasintha pang'onopang'ono kugwada, kukhumudwa kwambiri kapena mawonekedwe a funnel. Mphepete mwa kapu ya bowa amapindika mowonekera mkati. Kumva bwino, popanda tokhala kapena ming'alu.
Onani chithunzi cha mzere wofiirira: bowa ali ndi tsinde losalala, wandiweyani 5-12 cm. Kwenikweni, tsinde lake ndi longitudinally fibrous, mu bowa akale amatha kukhala opanda kanthu. Lili ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, pansi pa kapu palokha pali zokutira zowonongeka, ndipo pamunsi pake pali mycelium yofiirira. Zojambula kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, imawala kwambiri kuchokera pamtundu wofiirira mpaka imvi-lilac ndi bulauni wowala.
Mbiri: mu bowa waung'ono, amakhala otambalala komanso owonda, okhala ndi utoto wa lilac-violet, pamapeto pake amasanduka otumbululuka ndikukhala bulauni. Zowoneka kumbuyo kwa miyendo.
Zamkati: kuwala kofiirira komanso kofewa kwambiri, kununkhira kumafanana ndi tsabola.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa mzere wofiirira ndizofanana ndi mzere wa violet.
Pawiri:Kupalasa kwa nthaka (Tricholoma terreum), yomwe ndi yaying'ono ndipo ili ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono pachipewa. Mzere wa sopo (Tricholoma saponaceum) ndiwosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi fungo la sopo wochapira pamalo odulidwa. Mzere wapoizoni (Tricholoma virgatum) uli ndi kukoma koyaka, pali tubercle yotuwa pa chipewa choyera phulusa. Ndipo mzerewu ndi wosiyana (Tricholoma sejunctum), womwe uli m'gulu lodyera, uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso lobiriwira la mwendo.
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Pamene kukula: kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka koyambirira kwa Disembala m'maiko otentha a Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Ndingapeze kuti: pa zinyalala za coniferous ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, makamaka pafupi ndi thundu, spruces kapena pine, nthawi zambiri pamilu ya kompositi, udzu kapena brushwood. Amapanga "magulu amatsenga".
Kudya: pambuyo mankhwala kutentha mu mtundu uliwonse. Ndi yokazinga kwambiri ndi yophika pansi, kotero kuyanika ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe (zambiri sizinatsimikizidwe ndipo sizinayesedwe!): ngati diuretic.
Zofunika! Popeza mizere yofiirira ndi ya gulu la bowa saprophytic, sayenera kudyedwa yaiwisi. Kusasamala koteroko kungayambitse matenda aakulu a m'mimba.
Mayina ena: titmouse, lepista wamaliseche, cyanosis, purple lepista.
Mizere ina yotani: njiwa ndi violet
Mzere wa nkhunda (Tricholoma columbetta) - bowa wodyedwa.
Chipewa (m'mimba mwake 5-12 cm): zoyera kapena zotuwa, zitha kukhala ndi mawanga obiriwira kapena achikasu. Minofu, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa mafunde komanso osweka. Mu bowa aang'ono, ali ndi mawonekedwe a hemisphere, omwe pamapeto pake amasintha kukhala wogwada. Pamwamba pake pamamatira kwambiri nyengo yamvula.
Mwendo (kutalika kwa 6-11 cm, m'mimba mwake 1-3 cm): nthawi zambiri zopindika, zoyera, zitha kukhala zobiriwira m'munsi.
Mbiri: otambalala komanso pafupipafupi. Bowa achichepere ndi oyera, akuluakulu ndi ofiira kapena ofiirira.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzi cha bowa wopalasa wodyera, zamkati zamtunduwu ndizowundidwa kwambiri, zimatembenukira pinki pang'ono pamalo odulidwa. Zimatulutsa fungo lodziwika bwino la ufa.
Pawiri: mzere woyera wosadyeka (Tricholoma album) yokhala ndi tsinde la bulauni ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Pamene kukula: kuyambira koyambirira kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala m'maiko a Eurasian kontinenti yomwe ili ndi nyengo yofunda.
Ndingapeze kuti: m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana. Ithanso kukula m'malo otseguka, makamaka m'malo odyetserako ziweto kapena madambo.
Kudya: bowa ndi oyenera salting ndi pickling. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri panthawi ya kutentha, thupi la opalasa limakhala lofiira, koma izi sizikhudza kukoma kwake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe: sizikugwira ntchito.
Mayina ena: mzere wa bluish.
Mtundu wa violet (Lip Irina) alinso m'gulu la bowa zodyedwa.
Chipewa (m'mimba mwake 3-14 cm): nthawi zambiri zoyera, zachikasu kapena zofiirira. Mu bowa aang'ono, ali ndi mawonekedwe a hemisphere, omwe pamapeto pake amasintha kukhala pafupifupi lathyathyathya. M'mphepete mwake ndi wosafanana komanso wopindika. Amamva bwino pokhudza.
Mwendo wa Violet (kutalika kwa 3-10 cm): wopepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu, kutsika kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Fibrous, nthawi zina ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono.
Zamkati: zofewa kwambiri, zoyera kapena zapinki pang'ono, zopanda kutchulidwa kukoma, zimanunkhira ngati chimanga chatsopano.
Pawiri: wosuta fodya (Clitocybe nebularis), chomwe ndi chachikulu ndipo chili ndi m'mphepete mwa mafunde kwambiri.
Pamene kukula: kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka koyambirira kwa Novembala m'maiko otentha a Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Ndingapeze kuti: m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zodula.
Kudya: malinga ndi chithandizo choyambirira cha kutentha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe: sizikugwira ntchito.