“Nkhondo Yadziko Yoyamba itayambika mu August 1914, anthu ambiri okonda zamasamba anali m’mavuto a chikumbumtima. Kodi anthu amene amadana ndi kukhetsa magazi a nyama akanapha bwanji moyo wa munthu? Ngati angalembetse, kodi gulu lankhondo lingaganizire za zakudya zomwe amakonda?" . Umu ndi momwe amasiku ano a The Veget a rian S ociety UK (Vegetarian Society of Great Britain) amawonetsera momwe amadyera achingerezi madzulo a Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse pamasamba a intaneti. Vuto lofananalo linakumana ndi gulu lazamasamba la ku Russia, lomwe panthawiyo linali lisanathe zaka makumi awiri.
Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse idakhala ndi zotulukapo zowopsa pachikhalidwe cha Russia, komanso chifukwa kuyanjana kwachangu pakati pa Russia ndi Western Europe, komwe kudayamba cha m'ma 1890, kudatha mwadzidzidzi. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali zotsatira zake m'gawo laling'ono la zoyesayesa zolimbana ndi kusintha kwa moyo wosadya zamasamba.
1913 idabweretsa chiwonetsero choyamba chazamasamba zaku Russia - All-Russian Vegetarian Congress, yomwe idachitika kuyambira pa Epulo 16 mpaka 20 ku Moscow. Pokhazikitsa Reference Vegetarian Bureau, congress idatenga gawo loyamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa All-Russian Vegetarian Society. Chigamulo cha khumi ndi chimodzi mwa zigamulo zomwe bungwe la Congress linapanga linaganiza kuti "Chigwirizano Chachiwiri" chiyenera kuchitikira ku Kyiv pa Isitala 1914. Mawuwa adakhala afupi kwambiri, choncho pempho linaperekedwa kuti lichitike pa Easter 1915. , msonkhano wachiwiri, ndondomeko yatsatanetsatane. Mu Okutobala 1914, nkhondo itayamba, Vegetarian Herald adafotokozabe chiyembekezo choti zamasamba zaku Russia zinali madzulo a msonkhano wachiwiri, koma panalibenso zokambirana zokwaniritsa mapulaniwa.
Kwa odya zamasamba aku Russia, komanso kwa mabungwe awo ku Western Europe, kufalikira kwa nkhondoyi kunabweretsa nthawi yokayikitsa - komanso kuukira kwa anthu. Mayakovsky anawanyoza mwankhanza mu Civil Shrapnel, ndipo sanali yekha. Zodziwika kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi mzimu wa nthawiyo zinali zomveka zodandaula ngati zomwe II Gorbunov-Posadov adatsegula kope loyamba la VO mu 1915: umunthu, za mapangano a chikondi kwa zamoyo zonse, ndipo mulimonsemo. , kulemekeza zolengedwa zonse za Mulungu popanda kusiyanitsa.
Komabe, posapita nthaŵi anayesetsa kufotokoza zifukwa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu kope lachiwiri la VO mu 1915, pansi pa mutu wakuti "Vegetarianism in Our Days", nkhani inasindikizidwa "EK": "Ife, odya zamasamba, tsopano nthawi zambiri timayenera kumvetsera zonyoza zomwe pakalipano zimakhala zovuta. nthawi, pamene magazi aumunthu akukhetsa nthawi zonse, tikupitiriza kulimbikitsa zamasamba <...> Zamasamba m'masiku athu, timauzidwa kuti, ndi nkhanza zoipa, kunyoza; Kodi ndizotheka kuchita chifundo ndi nyama tsopano? Koma anthu omwe amalankhula choncho samamvetsetsa kuti zamasamba sizimangosokoneza chikondi ndi chifundo kwa anthu, koma, mosiyana, zimawonjezera kumverera uku. Pazonsezi, wolemba nkhaniyo akuti, ngakhale munthu savomereza kuti kudya zamasamba kumabweretsa malingaliro abwino ndi malingaliro atsopano pa chilichonse chozungulira, "ngakhale kudya nyama sikungakhale ndi chifukwa chilichonse. Mwina sizingachepetse kuvutika <…> koma zidzangopanga, makamaka, omwe akuzunzidwa kuti <…> otsutsa athu azidya patebulo ... ".
M'magazini yomweyi, nkhani ya Yu. Volin wochokera ku Petrograd Courier ya February 6, 1915 inasindikizidwanso - kukambirana ndi Ilyinsky wina. Wotsirizirayo akunyozedwa: “Kodi mungaganize bwanji ndi kulankhula tsopano, m’masiku athu ano, ponena za kusadya zamasamba? Zachitika moyipa!... Chakudya chamasamba - kwa munthu, ndi nyama ya anthu - mpaka mizinga! “Sindidya aliyense,” aliyense, kaya kalulu, kapena nkhwali, nkhuku, ngakhalenso fungo lonunkhira… wina aliyense koma mwamuna! ..». Ilyinsky, komabe, amapereka mfundo zokhutiritsa poyankha. Kugawa njira yomwe chikhalidwe cha anthu chimadutsa muzaka za "cannibalism", "zanyama" ndi zakudya zamasamba, amagwirizanitsa "zowopsa zamagazi" zamasiku amenewo ndi zizolowezi zamadya, ndi tebulo lakupha, lamagazi, ndikutsimikizira kuti ndizowonjezereka. zovuta kukhala zamasamba tsopano , ndipo chofunika kwambiri kuposa kukhala, mwachitsanzo, socialist, popeza kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndipo kusintha kuchokera ku njira ina yodyera kupita ku ina, kuchoka ku nyama kupita ku chakudya cha masamba, ndiko kusintha kwa moyo watsopano. Malingaliro olimba mtima a "omenyera ufulu wa anthu", m'mawu a Ilyinsky, ndi "zomvetsa chisoni" poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku komwe amawoneratu ndikulalikira, mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwa zakudya.
Pa April 25, 1915, nkhani ya mlembi yemweyo ya mutu wakuti “Pages of Life (“nyama” paradoxes)” inatuluka m’nyuzipepala ya ku Kharkov Yuzhny Krai, yozikidwa pa zimene iye anaona m’kantini ina ya zamasamba ku Petrograd yomwe nthaŵi zambiri inkapezeka. anachezera masiku amenewo: “… Ndikayang’ana odya zamasamba amakono, amenenso amanyozedwa chifukwa cha kudzikonda ndi “aristocratism” (pambuyo pake, uku ndi “kudzitukumula kwaumwini”! unyinji!) - zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti iwonso amatsogozedwa ndi premonition, chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha kufunikira kwa zomwe amachita. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Mwazi wa anthu umayenda ngati mtsinje, nyama ya anthu ikuphwanyidwa mu mapaundi, ndipo amamva chisoni chifukwa cha mwazi wa ng’ombe zamphongo ndi nyama ya nkhosa! .. Ndipo sizodabwitsa konse! Poyembekezera zam’tsogolo, amadziŵa kuti “chitsa” chimenechi sichidzakhalanso ndi mbali ina m’mbiri ya anthu monganso ndege kapena wailesi!
Panali mikangano za Leo Tolstoy. Mu October-November 1914, VO ikugwira mawu nkhani yochokera ku Odessky Listok ya November 7, “kupereka,” monga momwe mkonziyo amanenera, “chithunzi choyenera cha zochitika za m’nthaŵiyo mogwirizana ndi womwalirayo Leo Tolstoy”:
“Tsopano Tolstoy ali kutali ndi ife kuposa kale, wosafikirika komanso wokongola kwambiri; wakhazikika kwambiri, wakhala nthano kwambiri mu nthawi yovuta yachiwawa, magazi ndi misozi. <...> Nthawi yakwana yolimbana ndi zoyipa, nthawi yafika yoti lupanga lithetse nkhani, kuti mphamvu ikhale woweruza wamkulu. Yafika nthawi yomwe, m'masiku akale, aneneri adathawa m'zigwa, atagwidwa ndi mantha, kupita kumtunda, kuti akafunefune ali chete pamapiri kuti akwaniritse chisoni chawo chosathawika <...> Pakulira kwa mapiri. chiwawa, pakuwala kwa moto, chithunzi cha wonyamula choonadi chinasungunuka ndipo chinakhala loto. Dziko likuwoneka kuti lasiyidwa lokha. "Sindingathe kukhala chete" silidzamvekanso ndipo lamulo lakuti "Usaphe" - sitidzamva. Imfa imakondwerera phwando lake, kupambana kwamisala kwa zoipa kukupitirira. Liwu la mneneri silimveka.
Zikuwoneka zodabwitsa kuti Ilya Lvovich, mwana wa Tolstoy, mu kuyankhulana kwake ku bwalo la masewera, adawona kuti n'zotheka kunena kuti bambo ake sanganene chilichonse chokhudza nkhondo yapano, monga momwe adanenera kuti sananene chilichonse chokhudza nkhondoyi. Nkhondo ya Russo-Japan mu nthawi yake. VO inatsutsa zonenazi polozera ku zolemba zingapo za Tolstoy mu 1904 ndi 1905 zomwe zimatsutsa nkhondoyo, komanso makalata ake. Kuwunika, popeza adawoloka m'nkhani ya EO Dymshits malo onse omwe anali za malingaliro a LN Tolstoy kunkhondo, potero adatsimikizira kulondola kwa magaziniyo. Kawirikawiri, pa nthawi ya nkhondo, magazini odyetserako zamasamba adakumana ndi zovuta zambiri kuchokera pakuwunika: nkhani yachinayi ya VO ya 1915 idalandidwa mu ofesi ya mkonzi yokha, nkhani zitatu za magazini yachisanu zinaletsedwa, kuphatikizapo nkhani ya SP Poltavsky yotchedwa "Vegetarian and social”.
Ku Russia, kayendetsedwe kazamasamba kanatsogozedwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zolemba zambiri zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Kuwongolera kumeneku kwa kayendetsedwe ka Russia sikunali kochepa chifukwa cha chikoka chachikulu chomwe ulamuliro wa Tolstoy unali nacho pazamasamba zaku Russia. Kunong'oneza bondo nthawi zambiri kunkamveka kuti pakati pa anthu odyetserako zamasamba aku Russia, zolinga zaukhondo zidabwerera kumbuyo, ndikuyika patsogolo mawu akuti "Usaphe" komanso kulungamitsidwa kwamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zidapatsa zamasamba mthunzi wampatuko wachipembedzo ndi ndale ndipo motero zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwake. Ndikokwanira mu mgwirizano uwu kukumbukira mawu a AI Voeikov (VII. 1), Jenny Schultz (VII. 2: Moscow) kapena VP Voitsekhovsky (VI. 7). Kumbali ina, kutsogola kwa gawo lamakhalidwe abwino, kulakalaka malingaliro opanga gulu lamtendere kupulumutsa zamasamba zaku Russia ku malingaliro a chauvinist omwe panthawiyo anali odziwika, makamaka a zamasamba aku Germany (makamaka, oimira awo ovomerezeka) ambiri. mkangano wa kukwera kwa asitikali okonda dziko la Germany. Odya zamasamba a ku Russia anatenga mbali m’kuchepetsa umphaŵi, koma sanawone nkhondoyo kukhala mwaŵi wolimbikitsa kusadya zamasamba.
Panthawiyi, ku Germany, kuyambika kwa nkhondo kunapatsa mkonzi wa magazini ya Vegetarische Warte, Dr. Selss wa ku Baden-Baden, mwayi woti alengeze m’nkhani yakuti “Nkhondo ya Mitundu” (“Volkerkrieg”) ya August 15, 1914; kuti amasomphenya ndi olota maloto okha angakhulupirire “mtendere wamuyaya”, kuyesera kutembenuzira ena ku chikhulupiriro ichi. Ndife, iye analemba (ndi kumlingo wotani nanga chimene ichi chinalinganizidwira kukwaniritsidwa!), “m’bandakucha wa zochitika zimene zidzasiya chizindikiro chakuya m’mbiri ya dziko. Chitani zomwezo! Mulole "chifuniro chopambana", chomwe, molingana ndi mawu amoto a Kaiser wathu, amakhala m'mitima yathu, amakhala mwa anthu ena onse, kufuna kupambana pa zowola zonsezi ndi chirichonse chomwe chifupikitsa moyo, chomwe chili mkati mwathu. malire! Anthu amene apambana m’chigonjetsochi, anthu otere adzadzutsidwadi ndi moyo wosadya masamba, ndipo izi zidzachitidwa ndi chifukwa chathu chamasamba, chomwe chilibe cholinga china koma kuumitsa anthu [! - PB], chifukwa cha anthu. Zelss analemba kuti: “Ndi chisangalalo chochuluka, ndinaŵerenga mauthenga ochokera kumpoto, kum’mwera ndi kum’maŵa ochokera kwa anthu okonda zamasamba, mokondwera ndi monyadira kuchita usilikali. “Chidziŵitso ndi mphamvu,” chotero zidziŵitso zina zazamasamba, zimene anthu a m’dziko lathu alibe, ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu onse” [Kanyenye ngwazi zachiyambi]. Komanso, Dr. Selss amalangiza kuchepetsa kuŵeta ziweto mowononga komanso kupewa kudya mopitirira muyeso. "Khalani okhutira ndi chakudya katatu patsiku, komanso kudya bwino kawiri patsiku, komwe mumamva njala yeniyeni. Idyani pang'onopang'ono; kutafuna [cf. Malangizo a G. Fletcher! -PB]. Chepetsani kumwa mowa mwadongosolo komanso pang'onopang'ono <…> Munthawi zovuta, timafunikira mitu yomveka <…> Pansi ndi fodya wotopetsa! Timafunikira mphamvu zathu kuti tichite zabwino. ”
M’kope la Januwale la Vegetarische Warte la 1915, m’nkhani yakuti “Zamasamba ndi Nkhondo”, Mkristu wina Behring anapereka lingaliro lakuti agwiritse ntchito nkhondoyo kukopa anthu a ku Germany ku mawu a osadya zamasamba: “Tiyenera kupambana ulamuliro wina wandale wakusadya masamba.” Kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi, akupereka "Statistics Military of Vegetarianism": "1. Ndi angati omwe amadya zamasamba kapena odzitcha mabwenzi a moyo uno (ndi angati a iwo omwe ali mamembala okangalika) omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu nkhondo; ndi angati mwa iwo omwe ali ochita mwaufulu ndi odzipereka ena? Ndi angati aiwo ndi maofesala? 2. Ndi anthu angati omwe amadya zamasamba ndi omwe amadya masamba omwe alandira mphoto zankhondo? Ayenera kuzimiririka, Bering akutsimikizira, katemera wovomerezeka: "Kwa ife, omwe timanyoza kunyozetsa magazi athu aumulungu achijeremani ndi milu ya mitembo ya nyama ndi purulent slurry, pamene amanyoza mliri kapena machimo, lingaliro la katemera wovomerezeka likuwoneka ngati losapiririka ... ". Komabe, kuwonjezera pa verbiage wotero, mu July 1915 magazini Vegetarische Warte inafalitsa lipoti la SP Poltavsky "Kodi zamasamba ziliko?", Anawerengedwa ndi iye ku Moscow Congress ya 1913, ndipo mu November 1915 - nkhani ya T von. Galetsky "Movement Vegetarian Movement ku Russia", yomwe imapangidwanso pano mu facsimile (matenda No. 33).
Chifukwa cha malamulo ankhondo, magazini a zamasamba a ku Russia anayamba kuonekera mosadziwika bwino: mwachitsanzo, zinkaganiziridwa kuti mu 1915 VV idzafalitsa nkhani zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha m'malo mwa makumi awiri (zotsatira zake, khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zinali zitasindikizidwa); ndipo mu 1916 magaziniyo inalekeratu kusindikizidwa.
VO inasiya kukhalapo pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa kope la May 1915, mosasamala kanthu za lonjezo la akonzi kufalitsa kope lotsatira mu August. Kalelo mu December 1914, I. Perper anadziwitsa owerenga za kusamutsidwa kukubwera kwa olemba magazini ku Moscow, popeza Moscow ndilo likulu la kayendetsedwe ka zamasamba ndipo antchito ofunika kwambiri a magaziniyo amakhala kumeneko. M'malo mwa kukhazikitsidwanso, mwina, kuti VV idayamba kufalitsidwa ku Kyiv ...
Pa July 29, 1915, pamwambo wokumbukira chikumbutso choyamba cha nkhondoyo, msonkhano waukulu wa otsatira a Tolstoy unachitika m’chipinda chodyeramo zamasamba cha Moscow ku Gazetny Lane (m’nthawi za Soviet – Ogaryov Street), ndi zokamba ndi ndakatulo. kuwerenga. Pamsonkhanowu, PI Biryukov adanenanso za momwe zinalili ku Switzerland - kuyambira 1912 (ndipo mpaka 1920) amakhala ku Onex, mudzi womwe uli pafupi ndi Geneva. Malingana ndi iye, dzikolo linali lodzaza ndi othawa kwawo: otsutsa enieni a nkhondo, othawa kwawo ndi azondi. Kuwonjezera pa iye, II Gorbunov-Posadov, VG Chertkov ndi IM Tregubov analankhulanso.
Kuyambira pa Epulo 18 mpaka Epulo 22, 1916, PI Biryukov adatsogolera "Vegetarian Social Congress" ku Monte Verita (Ascona), msonkhano woyamba wazamasamba womwe unachitikira ku Switzerland. Komiti ya congress inaphatikizapo, makamaka, Ida Hoffmann ndi G. Edenkofen, omwe adachokera ku Russia, France, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, England ndi Hungary. “Poyang’anizana ndi zoopsa za m’nkhondo yamakono” (“en presence des horreurs de la guerre actuelle”), congress inaganiza zopeza gulu lolimbikitsa “kukonda zamasamba m’zamagulu ndi zamasamba” (magwero ena amagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “adziko lonse. ”), mpando womwe umayenera kukhala ku Ascona. "Social" wamasamba amayenera kutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndikumanga moyo wamagulu pamaziko a mgwirizano wofunikira (kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito). PI Biryukov anatsegula congress ndi kulankhula mu French; sanangowonetsa kukula kwazamasamba ku Russia kuyambira 1885 ("Le mouvement vegetarien en Russie"), komanso adalankhula motsimikizika mokomera kuchitira nkhanza antchito ("Domestiques"). Ena mwa omwe adachita nawo msonkhanowo anali, mwa ena, woyambitsa wodziwika bwino wa "chuma chaulere" ("Freiwirtschaftslehre") Silvio Gesell, komanso oimira a Genevan Esperantists. Bungwe la Congress lidaganiza zopempha kuti avomereze bungwe latsopanoli ku International Vegetarian Union, yomwe idakumana ku The Hague. P. Biryukov anasankhidwa kukhala wapampando wa bungwe latsopano, G. Edenkofen ndi I. Hoffmann anali mamembala a bungwe. Nkovuta kulingalira zotulukapo zothandiza za msonkhanowu, P. Biryukov anati: “Mwina ndi zazing’ono kwambiri.” Pankhani imeneyi, ayenera kuti anali wolondola.
Panthawi yonse ya nkhondoyi, chiwerengero cha alendo opita ku canteens odyetsera zamasamba ku Russia chinakwera ndi kutsika. Ku Moscow, chiwerengero cha canteens zamasamba, osawerengera ma canteens apadera, chakula mpaka anayi; mu 1914, monga taonera pamwambapa, mbale 643 zinaperekedwa mmenemo, osawerengera zimene zinaperekedwa kwaulere; nkhondo idatenga alendo 000 mu theka lachiwiri la chaka…. Mabungwe okonda zamasamba adatenga nawo mbali pazochitika zachifundo, kukonza mabedi a zipatala zankhondo ndikupereka maholo a canteen osokerako nsalu. Canteen yotsika mtengo yazamasamba ku Kyiv, kuthandiza malo osungirako usilikali, amadyetsa mabanja pafupifupi 40 tsiku lililonse. Mwa zina, BB idanenanso za malo ogonera akavalo. Zolemba zochokera kumayiko akunja sizinabwerekenso kuchokera ku Germany, koma makamaka kuchokera ku English vegetarian press. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mu VV (000) nkhani inasindikizidwa ndi tcheyamani wa Manchester Vegetarian Society pa zolinga za zamasamba, momwe wokamba nkhaniyo anachenjeza za kusagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso komanso nthawi yomweyo motsutsana ndi chikhumbo chofuna kufotokozera ena momwe ayenera kukhalira. kukhala ndi chakudya; Nkhani zotsatizana nazo zinali ndi nkhani yachingelezi yonena za akavalo pabwalo lankhondo. Kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha mamembala amagulu odyetserako zamasamba chachepa: ku Odessa, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 110 mpaka 1915; kuphatikiza apo, malipoti ochepera ndi ochepa adawerengedwa.
Pamene mu Januwale 1917, patapita chaka chopuma, Vegetarian Herald anayamba kuonekeranso, tsopano lofalitsidwa ndi Kyiv Military District motsogozedwa ndi Olga Prokhasko, mu moni "Kwa Owerenga" akhoza kuwerenga:
"Zovuta zomwe Russia ikukumana nazo, zomwe zakhudza moyo wonse, sizingakhudze bizinesi yathu yaying'ono. <...> Koma tsopano masiku akupita, wina anganene kuti zaka zikupita - anthu amazoloŵera zowopsya zonse, ndipo kuwala kwa malingaliro abwino a zamasamba pang'onopang'ono kumayambanso kukopa anthu otopa. Posachedwapa, kusowa kwa nyama kwakakamiza aliyense kuyang'ana kwambiri ku moyo womwe sufuna magazi. Makantini odyetsera zamasamba tsopano adzaza m'mizinda yonse, mabuku ophikira okonda zamasamba onse agulitsidwa.
Tsamba loyamba la magazini yotsatira lili ndi funso lakuti: “Kodi kusadya zamasamba n’kutani? Masiku ano ndi tsogolo lake”; imanena kuti mawu oti "zamasamba" tsopano akupezeka paliponse, kuti mumzinda waukulu, mwachitsanzo, ku Kyiv, canteens zamasamba zili paliponse, koma kuti, mosasamala kanthu za canteens izi, magulu odyetserako zamasamba, zamasamba ndi zachilendo mwanjira ina kwa anthu, kutali. zosadziwika bwino.
Kuukira kwa February kunalandiridwanso ndi chidwi ndi odya zamasamba: “Zipata zowala za ufulu wonyezimira zatitsegukira, zimene anthu a ku Russia otopa akhala akupitako kwa nthaŵi yaitali!” Chilichonse chomwe chinayenera kupirira "payekha ndi aliyense mu gendarmerie yathu ku Russia, kumene kuyambira ubwana yunifolomu ya buluu sinalole kupuma" sikuyenera kukhala chifukwa chobwezera: palibe malo ake, analemba Bulletin ya Vegetarian. Kuphatikiza apo, panali zoyitanitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa midzi yokonda zamasamba; kuthetsedwa kwa chilango cha imfa kunakondwerera - mabungwe odyetsera zamasamba ku Russia, analemba Naftal Bekerman, tsopano akuyembekezera sitepe yotsatira - "kutha kwa kupha ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chilango cha imfa kwa nyama." Vegetarian Herald adagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mfundo yakuti otsogolera adawonetsa mtendere ndi tsiku la ntchito ya ola la 8, ndipo Chigawo cha Usilikali cha Kiev chinapanga ndondomeko yochepetsera tsiku logwira ntchito kwa amayi ndi atsikana omwe amagwira ntchito makamaka m'ma canteens kuyambira 9-13. maola 8 mpaka XNUMX. Komanso, Poltava Military District inafuna (onani pamwamba p. yy) kufewetsa kwina kwa chakudya ndi kukana kudzikuza mopambanitsa mu chakudya, kukhazikitsidwa potsatira chitsanzo cha canteens ena.
Wofalitsa wa Vegetarian Vestnik, Olga Prokhasko, adapempha anthu odyetsera zamasamba ndi zamasamba kuti atenge nawo gawo mwachangu pantchito yomanga Russia - "Zamasamba amatsegula gawo lalikulu la ntchito kuti athetseretu nkhondo m'tsogolomu." Magazini yachisanu ndi chinayi ya 1917 yotsatira, inayamba ndi mawu okwiya kwambiri akuti: “Chilango cha imfa chabwezedwanso ku Russia!” (odwala. 34 yy). Komabe, m’magazini ino mulinso lipoti lonena za maziko a June 27 ku Moscow a “Society of True Freedom (pokumbukira Leo Tolstoy)”; gulu latsopanoli, lomwe posakhalitsa linayambira 750 mpaka 1000 mamembala, linali mu nyumba ya Moscow Military District ku 12 Gazetny Lane. Kuphatikiza apo, VV yatsopanoyo idakambirana mitu yodziwika bwino yomwe ili yoyenera padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano, monga: chigololo cha chakudya (zonona) kapena poyizoni pokhudzana ndi kujambula zipinda zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi utoto wamafuta wokhala ndi turpentine ndi lead.
"Chiwembu chotsutsa" cha General Kornilov chinatsutsidwa ndi akonzi a Vegetarian Herald. M’kope laposachedwa la magazini (December 1917) nkhani ya pulogalamu ya Olga Prohasko yakuti “The Present Moment and Vegetarianism” inasindikizidwa. Mlembi wa nkhaniyo, wotsatira Chikristu cha sosholizimu, ananena izi ponena za Kusintha kwa October: “Mabungwe aliwonse osamala okonda zamasamba ndi amasamba onse ayenera kudziŵa zimene nthaŵi ino ili m’lingaliro la osadya nyama.” Osadya masamba onse ndi Akhristu, osadya masamba ali kunja kwa chipembedzo; koma njira ya Mkristu wozama siingathe kulambalala kusadya zamasamba. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chachikristu, moyo ndi mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu, ndipo palibe wina aliyense koma Mulungu amene ali ndi ufulu wougonjetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake malingaliro a mkhristu ndi osadya masamba pa nthawi ino ndi ofanana. Nthawi zina pamakhala chiyembekezo cha chiyembekezo: khoti lankhondo ku Kyiv, litalungamitsa msilikali ndi magulu apansi omwe sanapite kunkhondo, potero adazindikira kuti munthu ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi ufulu wokana kupha anthu. “N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti anthu okonda zamasamba salabadira mokwanira zochitika zenizeni.” M'nkhani yake, yomwe ili ndi mutu wakuti "Mawu Ena Ochepa", Olga Prokhasko anakwiya chifukwa chakuti asilikali (osati a Bolshevik, omwe anali atakhala m'nyumba yachifumu panthawiyo!) anali ndi chizoloŵezi cha kusonkhana m’magulu kuti akambirane zochitika, ndipo zimenezi zitatha tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa dzuŵa litatsala pang’ono kuti Atsogoleri a Soviet of Workers and Soldities azindikire mphamvu za Soviet Union ndipo analengeza kuti akuchirikiza Petrograd Soviet. "Koma palibe amene ankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, choncho tinasonkhana kuti tikambirane, tinali ndi nkhani zofunika pamoyo wa anthu athu zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Kukangana koopsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi, mosayembekezereka, ngati kuti kudzera m'mawindo athu ... kuwombera! .. <...> Ilo linali phokoso loyamba la kusintha, madzulo a October 28 ku Kyiv.
Magazini iyi, ya khumi ndi imodzi, inali yomaliza. Akonzi adalengeza kuti Chigawo cha Usilikali cha Kiev chinawonongeka kwambiri kuchokera ku buku la VV. “Pokhapokha,” analemba motero akonzi a magaziniyo, “ngati anthu amalingaliro ofanana m’dziko lonse la Russia akanakhala ndi chisoni chachikulu kaamba ka kuchirikiza malingaliro athu, kukanakhala kotheka kufalitsa nkhani zirizonse za nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.”
Komabe, Moscow Vegetarian Society mu nthawi kuyambira October Revolution mpaka kumapeto kwa 20s. inapitiriza kukhalapo, ndipo pamodzi ndi izo magulu ena a zamasamba am'deralo. Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a GMIR ku St. Petersburg ali ndi zikalata zofotokoza mbiri ya Chigawo cha Usilikali cha Moscow kuyambira 1909 mpaka 1930. Pakati pawo, makamaka, pali lipoti la msonkhano wapachaka wa mamembala a May 7, 1918. Pamsonkhanowu, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Chertkov (mwana wa VG Chertkova) anapempha Council of the Moscow Military District kupanga dongosolo la kukonzanso canteens anthu. Kale kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa 1917, pakati pa antchito a canteens ndi Council of the Moscow Military District, "kusagwirizana ndipo ngakhale kudana kunayamba kuwuka, zomwe zinali zisanachitikepo." Izi zinayambitsidwa, makamaka, chifukwa chakuti ogwira ntchito ku canteens adagwirizana mu "Union of Mutual Aid of Waiters", yomwe akuti inawalimbikitsa kukhala ndi maganizo odana ndi kayendetsedwe ka Sosaite. Mkhalidwe wachuma wa canteens unasokonezedwanso ndi mfundo yakuti Allied Association of Consumer Societies of Moscow inakana kupereka canteens zamasamba ndi zinthu zofunika, ndipo City Food Committee, kumbali yake, inakana zomwezo, ponena kuti awiri canteens MVO-va ” samadziwika kuti ndi otchuka. Pamsonkhanowo, chisoni chinanenedwanso kuti odya zamasamba anali kunyalanyaza "mbali yamalingaliro a nkhaniyi." Chiwerengero cha mamembala a Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow mu 1918 chinali anthu 238, omwe 107 anali okangalika (kuphatikiza II Perper, mkazi wake EI Kaplan, KS Shokhor-Trotsky, IM Tregubov) , opikisana nawo 124 ndi mamembala 6 olemekezeka.
Mwa zolemba zina, GMIR ili ndi chithunzi cha lipoti la PI Biryukov (1920) pa mbiri yazamasamba zaku Russia kuyambira 1896, lotchedwa "Njira Yoyenda" ndikuphimba mfundo 26. Biryukov, yemwe anali atangobwera kumene kuchokera ku Switzerland, ndiye anali mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yolemba pamanja ya Moscow Museum ya Leo Tolstoy (anasamukira ku Canada m'ma 1920). Lipotilo likumaliza ndi pempho lakuti: “Kwa inu, magulu ankhondo achichepere, ndikupanga pempho lapadera loona mtima ndi lochokera pansi pa mtima. Ife okalamba tikumwalira. Zabwino kapena zoyipa, mogwirizana ndi mphamvu zathu zofooka, tinanyamula lawi lamoyo ndipo sitinazimitse. Chitengereni kwa ife kuti mupitilize ndikuchikulitsa kukhala lawi lamphamvu la Choonadi, Chikondi ndi Ufulu “…
Kuponderezedwa kwa a Tolstoyan ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a Bolshevik, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo "kukonza" zamasamba, kunayamba pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni. Mu 1921, magulu ampatuko omwe anali kuzunzidwa ndi tsarism, makamaka chisinthiko cha 1905 chisanachitike, adakumana pa "First All-Russian Congress of Sectarian Agricultural and Productive Associations". § 1 ya chigamulo cha msonkhanowo inati: “Ife, gulu la mamembala a All-Russian Congress of Sectarian Agricultural Communities, Communes and Artels, osadya masamba mwachigamulo, timaona kupha osati anthu okha, komanso nyama monga tchimo losavomerezeka. pamaso pa Mulungu ndipo musagwiritse ntchito chakudya cha nyama yophera, motero m'malo mwa magulu onse a Zamasamba, tikupempha People's Commissariat of Agriculture kuti lisakakamize anthu okonda zamasamba kuti alembetse nyama, motsutsana ndi chikumbumtima chawo komanso zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo. Chigamulocho, chosainidwa ndi otenga nawo mbali 11, kuphatikiza KS Shokhor-Trotsky ndi VG Chertkov, adavomerezedwa ndi Congress.
Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich (1873-1955), katswiri wa Chipani cha Bolshevik pamagulu ampatuko, anafotokoza maganizo ake pa msonkhanowu komanso za zigamulo zomwe adalandira mu lipoti la "Mirror Crooked of Sectarianism", lomwe posakhalitsa linasindikizidwa m'nyuzipepala. . Makamaka, iye anafotokoza modabwitsa pa mgwirizano uwu, kusonyeza kuti si magulu onse oimiridwa pa msonkhano amadzizindikira okha ngati zamasamba: Molokans ndi Abaptisti, mwachitsanzo, amadya nyama. Kulankhula kwake kunali kusonyeza njira ya Bolshevik. Chinthu china cha njira imeneyi chinali kuyesa kugawa mipatuko, makamaka a Tolstoyan, m'magulu opita patsogolo ndi ochitapo kanthu: m'mawu a Bonch-Bruyevich, "lupanga lakuthwa ndi lopanda chifundo la kusintha linapanga magawano" pakati pa a Tolstoyan. Bonch-Bruevich adanena kuti KS Shokhor-Trotsky ndi VG Chertkov ndi omwe adachitapo kanthu, pamene adanena kuti IM Tregubov ndi PI Biryukov ndi a Tolstoyan, pafupi ndi anthu - kapena, monga Sofia Andreevna anawaitanira, "kuda", zomwe zinayambitsa mkwiyo mu izi. akuti ndi "mkazi wodzitukumula, wopondereza, wonyada ndi udindo wake" .... Kuphatikiza apo, Bonch-Bruevich adadzudzula mwamphamvu zomwe bungwe la Congress of Sectarian Agricultural Associations linanena motsutsana ndi chilango cha imfa, usilikali wapadziko lonse komanso pulogalamu yogwirizana ya sukulu zantchito za Soviet. Nkhani yake posakhalitsa inayambitsa kukambitsirana kodetsa nkhaŵa m’kantini ya zamasamba ku Moscow ku Gazetny Lane.
Misonkhano ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya a Tolstoyan m’nyumba ya chigawo cha asilikali a ku Moscow inkayang’aniridwa. SERGEY Mikhailovich Popov (1887-1932), amene nthawi ina amalemberana makalata ndi Tolstoy, pa March 16, 1923, anauza wanthanthi Petr Petrovich Nikolaev (1873-1928), yemwe ankakhala ku Nice kuyambira 1905 kuti: “Oimira akuluakulu a boma amachita zinthu ngati otsutsa. ndipo nthawi zina amawonetsa kutsutsa kwawo mwamphamvu. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, pakukambirana kwanga kotsiriza, kumene kunali midzi ya ana a 2, komanso akuluakulu, nditatha kukambirana, oimira akuluakulu awiri anabwera kwa ine, pamaso pa aliyense, ndikufunsa kuti: "Kodi muli ndi chilolezo choyankhulana?" “Ayi,” ndinayankha motero, “mogwirizana ndi zimene ndimakhulupirira, anthu onse ndi abale, chotero ine ndikukana ulamuliro wonse ndipo sindipempha chilolezo cha kukambitsirana.” “Ndipatseni zikalata zanu,” iwo amati <…> “Mwamangidwa,” iwo akutero, ndipo akutulutsa zipolopolozo n’kumawagwedeza kuti ziloze kwa ine ndi mawu akuti: “Tikulamula kuti uzititsatira.”
Pa Epulo 20, 1924, m'nyumba ya Moscow Vegetarian Society, Scientific Council of the Tolstoy Museum ndi Council of the Moscow Military District idachita chikondwerero chotseka cha chikumbutso cha 60 cha II Gorbunov-Posadov ndi chikumbutso cha 40 cha zolemba zake. ntchito monga mutu wa nyumba yosindikizira ya Posrednik.
Patangopita masiku ochepa, pa April 28, 1924, pempho linaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma la Soviet Union kuti avomereze Chikalata cha Draft Charter of the Moscow Vegetarian Society. LN Tolstoy - idakhazikitsidwa mu 1909! - ndikuwonetsa kuti onse khumi omwe adalembetsa sakhala a chipani. Onse pansi pa tsarism ndi pansi pa Soviets - komanso mwachiwonekere pansi pa Putin komanso (cf. pansipa p. yy) - zolemba za mabungwe onse a anthu zinayenera kulandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu. Pakati pa zolemba zakale za Chigawo cha Usilikali cha Moscow pali kalata yolembedwa pa August 13 chaka chomwecho, yopita kwa Lev Borisovich Kamenev (1883-1936), yemwe panthawiyo (mpaka 1926) anali membala wa Politburo ndi wamkulu wa komiti yayikulu ya Moscow City Council, komanso wachiwiri kwa Chairman wa Council of People's Commissars. Wolemba kalatayo akudandaula kuti tchata cha Chigawo Chankhondo cha Moscow sichinavomerezedwe: “Komanso, malinga ndi chidziwitso chomwe ndili nacho, funso lachivomerezo chake likuwoneka kuti likuthetsedwa molakwika. Zikuoneka kuti pali kusamvana kukuchitika apa. Magulu a zamasamba amapezeka m'mizinda ingapo - chifukwa chiyani ku Moscow kulibe bungwe lofananalo? Ntchito ya gulu ndi yotseguka kotheratu, imachitika m'magulu ochepa a mamembala ake, ndipo ngati idazindikirika ngati yosafunika, ikhoza kukhala, kuwonjezera pa chikalata chovomerezeka, kuponderezedwa mwanjira zina. Inde, O-vo sanachitepo nawo ndale. Kuchokera kumbali iyi, idadzilimbikitsa yokha mkati mwa zaka 15 za moyo wake. Ndikuyembekeza kwambiri, wokondedwa Lev Borisovich, kuti mudzapeza zotheka kuthetsa kusamvana komwe kwabuka ndikundipatsa thandizo pankhaniyi. Ndingayamikire ngati mungafotokoze maganizo anu pa kalata yanga imeneyi. Komabe, zoyesayesa zotere za kuyanjana ndi maulamuliro apamwamba sizinabweretse zotsatira zomwe ankafuna.
Poganizira zoletsa za akuluakulu a boma la Soviet Union, anthu okonda zamasamba a Tolstoyan anayamba kusindikiza mwachinsinsi magazini ang'onoang'ono olembedwa kapena rotaprint chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 20s. Chotero, mu 1925 (kuweruza ndi chiŵerengero chamkati: “posachedwapa, ponena za imfa ya Lenin”) “monga malembo apamanja” okhala ndi mafupipafupi a milungu iŵiri, chofalitsidwa chotchedwa Common Case chinafalitsidwa. Magazini ya Literary-social and vegetarian yolembedwa ndi Y. Neapolitansky. Magaziniyi inayenera kukhala “mawu omveka a anthu okonda zamasamba.” Akonzi a magaziniyo anadzudzula mwamphamvu mbali imodzi ya bungwe la Council of the Moscow Vegetarian Society, pofuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa “Coalition Council” mmene magulu onse otchuka a Sosaite adzaimiridwa; upangiri woterewu, malinga ndi mkonzi, ungakhale wovomerezeka kwa ONSE osadya masamba. Pankhani ya Bungwe lomwe lidalipo, mantha adawonetsedwa kuti ndi kulowa kwa anthu atsopano m'gulu lake, "kuwongolera" kwa ndondomeko yake kungasinthe; kuwonjezera apo, adatsindika kuti Bungweli likutsogoleredwa ndi "akale olemekezeka a Tolstoy", omwe posachedwapa "agwirizana ndi zaka zana" ndipo amatenga mwayi uliwonse kuti asonyeze poyera chifundo chawo pa dongosolo latsopano la boma (malinga ndi wolemba, "Tolstoy-statesmen"); achinyamata otsutsa m'mabungwe olamulira a zamasamba akuwonekera momveka bwino. Y. Neapolitansky amadzudzula utsogoleri wa anthu chifukwa chosowa zochita komanso kulimba mtima: "Mosiyana ndendende ndi momwe moyo wa Moscow ukuyendera, anthu okonda zamasamba apeza mtendere kuyambira 1922, atakonza "mpando wofewa". <...> Mu canteen ya Vegetarian Island mulinso makanema ojambula pamanja kuposa mu Sosaite momwe” (p. 54 yy). Mwachiwonekere, ngakhale mu nthawi za Soviet, matenda akale a zamasamba sanagonjetsedwe: kugawikana, kugawikana m'magulu ambiri ndikulephera kugwirizana.
Pa March 25, 1926, msonkhano wa anthu omwe anayambitsa Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow unachitika ku Moscow, kumene ogwira nawo ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali a Tolstoy: VG Chertkov, PI Biryukov, ndi II Gorbunov-Posadov. VG Chertkov adawerenga mawu okhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu lokonzedwanso, lotchedwa "Moscow Vegetarian Society", komanso nthawi yomweyo kalata yolembera. Komabe, pamsonkhano wotsatira wa May 6, chigamulo chinafunikira kupangidwa: “Polingalira za kulephera kulandira ndemanga zochokera ku madipatimenti okhudzidwa, chikalatacho chiyenera kuimitsidwa kuti chiganizidwe.” Ngakhale kuti zinthu zinalili panopa, malipoti anali kuwerengedwabe. Choncho, m'nkhani ya zokambirana za Moscow Military District kuyambira January 1, 1915 mpaka February 19, 1929, pali malipoti a malipoti (omwe panafika anthu 12 mpaka 286) pa nkhani monga "Moyo Wauzimu wa LN Tolstoy. ” (N N. Gusev), “The Doukhobors in Canada” (PI Biryukov), “Tolstoy and Ertel” (NN Apostolov), “The Vegetarian Movement in Russia” (IO Perper), “The Tolstoy Movement in Bulgaria” (II Gorbunov-Posadov), "Gothic" (Prof. AI Anisimov), "Tolstoy ndi Music" (AB Goldenweiser) ndi ena. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1925 mokha, 35 malipoti.
Kuchokera pamphindi za misonkhano ya Council of the Moscow Military District kuyambira 1927 mpaka 1929, zikuwonekeratu kuti gulu lidayesetsa kulimbana ndi mfundo za akuluakulu aboma, zomwe zikulepheretsa ntchito zake, koma pamapeto pake zidakakamizidwabe. kulephera. Mwachiwonekere, pasanathe 1923, "Artel "Vegetarian Nutrition" inalanda chipinda chachikulu chodyera cha MVO-va, popanda kulipira ndalama zolipirira lendi, zothandizira, ndi zina zotero, ngakhale masitampu ndi zolembetsa za MVO-va. idapitilira kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamsonkhano wa Council of the Moscow Military District pa April 13, 1927, “chiwawa chopitirizabe” cha Artel motsutsana ndi Sosaite chinanenedwa. Ngati Artel avomereza chigamulo cha Bungwe lake loti apitirizebe kulamulira m’dera la Moscow Military District, ndiye kuti Bungwe la Sosaite likuchenjeza kuti silingaganize kuti n’zotheka kupanga mgwirizano uliwonse ndi Artel pankhaniyi.” Pamisonkhano yanthaŵi zonse ya Bungweli panapezeka mamembala ake 15 mpaka 20, kuphatikizapo anzake apamtima a Tolstoy—VG Chertkov, II Gorbunov-Posadov, ndi NN Gusev. October 12, 1927 Council of the Moscow Military District, pokumbukira zaka 1909 za kubadwa kwa LN Tolstoy, "poganizira za kuyandikira kwa malingaliro a Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow ku moyo wa LN Tolstoy, komanso poyang'ana. wa LN kutenga nawo mbali mu maphunziro <...> O-va mu 18″, adaganiza zopatsa dzina la LN Tolstoy ku Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow ndikupereka lingaliro ili kuti livomerezedwe ndi msonkhano waukulu wa mamembala a O-va. Ndipo pa Januware 1928, 2, adaganiza zokonzekera zosonkhanitsira "Momwe LN Tolstoy adandithandizira" ndikulangiza II Gorbunov-Posadov, I. Perper ndi NS Troshin kuti alembe pempho la mpikisano wankhani yakuti "Tolstoy ndi Vegetarianism". Kuphatikiza apo, I. Perper adalangizidwa kuti alembetse kumakampani akunja kuti akonze filimu yazamasamba [yotsatsa]. Pa July 1928 wa chaka chomwecho, mafunso olembera anthu anavomerezedwa kuti agawidwe kwa mamembala a Sosaite, ndipo anagamulapo kuti pakhale Sabata ya Tolstoy ku Moscow. Zoonadi, mu September XNUMX, chigawo cha asilikali a ku Moscow chinakonza msonkhano wa masiku ambiri, pamene mazana a a Tolstoyan anafika ku Moscow kuchokera m’dziko lonselo. Msonkhanowo unkayang’aniridwa ndi akuluakulu a boma la Soviet; pambuyo pake, chinali chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa mamembala a Gulu la Achinyamata, komanso kuletsa komaliza kwa magazini a Tolstoy - kalata yapamwezi ya Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1929 zinthu zinakula kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa Januware 23, 1929, adaganiza zotumiza VV Chertkov ndi IO Perper ku 7th International Vegetarian Congress ku Steinshönau (Czechoslovakia), koma pa February 3, VV va ali pachiwopsezo "chifukwa chokana MUNI [ Moscow Real Estate Administration] kuti akonzenso mgwirizano wobwereketsa. Pambuyo pake, nthumwi zinasankhidwa ngakhale "zokambirana ndi mabungwe apamwamba kwambiri a Soviet ndi Party ponena za malo a O-va"; zinaphatikizapo: VG Chertkov, "wapampando wolemekezeka wa Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow", komanso II Gorbunov-Posadov, NN Gusev, IK Roche, VV Chertkov ndi VV Shershenev. Pa February 12, 1929, pamsonkhano wadzidzidzi wa Council of the Moscow Military District, nthumwizo zinauza mamembala a Bungweli kuti “maganizo a MOUNI pa kugonja malowo anazikidwa pa chigamulo cha akuluakulu apamwamba” ndi kuchedwa. pakuti kusamutsidwa kwa malo sikuloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zidanenedwa kuti All-Russian Central Executive Committee [yomwe VV Mayakovsky adayamba mkangano mu 1924 mu ndakatulo yotchuka ya "Jubilee" yoperekedwa kwa AS Pushkin] idalandira chigamulo pakusamutsa malo a Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow. kwa anti-alcohol O. Komiti Yoyang'anira Yonse ya Russia sanamvetse za kutsekedwa kwa Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow.
Tsiku lotsatira, February 13, 1929, pamsonkhano wa Council of the Moscow Military District, anagamulidwa kuti asankhe msonkhano waukulu wadzidzidzi wa mamembala a Chigawo Chankhondo cha Moscow kaamba ka Lolemba, February 18, 7:30 madzulo kukambitsirana. mkhalidwe wamakono wokhudzana ndi kulandidwa kwa malo a O -va ndi kufunika koyeretsa pofika February 20. Pamsonkhano womwewo, msonkhano waukulu unapemphedwa kuvomereza kuloŵa mu O-mu mamembala athunthu a anthu 18, ndi opikisana nawo. - 9. Msonkhano wotsatira wa Bungwe (31 womwe ulipo) unachitika pa February 20: VG Chertkov anayenera kufotokoza za zomwe adalandira kuchokera ku protocol ya Presidium ya All-Russian Central Executive Committee kuchokera ku 2/2-29; No. 95, yomwe imatchula kuti Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow chinali "kale" O-ve, pambuyo pake VG Chertkov adalangizidwa kuti afotokoze yekha funso la udindo wa O-va mu Komiti Yaikulu Yonse ya Russia. Kuonjezera apo, tsogolo la laibulale ya Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow chinasankhidwa: kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino, adaganiza zowasamutsira ku umwini wonse wa tcheyamani wolemekezeka wa O-va, VG Chertkov; Pa February 27, Khonsoloyo idaganiza "kuganizira za Book Kiosk yomwe idachotsedwa pa 26 / II - p. , ndipo pa March 9, chigamulo chinapangidwa: “Talingalirani za Nyumba ya Ana ya Chisumbucho yomwe inathetsedwa kuyambira pa March 15 chaka chino. G." Pamsonkhano wa Khonsolo pa Marichi 31, 1929, zidanenedwa kuti canteen ya gulu idathetsedwa, yomwe idachitika pa Marichi 17, 1929.
A GMIR (f. 34 op. 1/88. No. 1) amasunga chikalata chotchedwa “Charter of the Moscow Vegetative Society chotchedwa ALN Tolstoy. Patsamba lamutu pali chizindikiro cha Mlembi wa Council of the Moscow Military District: “22/5-1928 <…> ya No. 1640 charter of the general. adatumizidwa ku Secretariat <…> ya Presidium ya All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Ndi maganizo <...> 15-IV [1929] No. 11220/71, Sosaite inauzidwa kuti kulembetsa chikalatacho kunakanidwa ndi kuti <...> asiye ntchito zonse kwa iwo. MVO”. Dongosolo ili la All-Russian Central Executive Committee lidawonetsedwa mu "Maganizo a AOMGIK-a kuyambira 15-1929 p. [11220131] No. 18 ponena kuti kulembetsa tchata cha O-va ndi Moscow Gubernia Executive Committee anakanidwa, chifukwa AOMGIK akufuna kusiya ntchito zonse m'malo mwa O-va. Pa Epulo 1883, Council of the Moscow Military District, pokhudzana ndi "pempho" la AOMGIK loletsa ntchito za O-va, adaganiza zotumiza ziwonetsero ndi apilo motsutsana ndi lingaliro ili ku Council of People's Commissars of the Mtengo wa RSFSR. Kulemba zolembazo kunaperekedwa kwa IK Roche ndi VG Chertkov (Chertkov yemweyo amene LN Tolstoy adalembera makalata ochuluka kwambiri pakati pa 1910 ndi 5 kotero kuti amapanga mavoliyumu 90 a buku la maphunziro la mavoliyumu 35 ...). Bungweli lidaganizanso kufunsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Tolstoy, chifukwa cha kuthetsedwa kwa O-va, kuti avomereze zida zake zonse m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale (odwala. 1932 yy) - wamkulu wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale panthawiyo anali NN Gusev. … The Tolstoy Museum, mbali yake, pambuyo pake idasamutsa zikalatazi ku Leningrad Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu XNUMX - GMIR yamasiku ano.
Mphindi Na. 7 ya Chigawo Chankhondo cha Moscow cha May 18, 1929, imati: “Talingalirani za milandu yonse yothetsedwa ya O-va imene inamalizidwa.”
Ntchito zina za anthu zinayenera kuyimitsidwa, kuphatikizapo kugawa kwa hectographed "Letters from Friends of Tolstoy". Mawu a ukwati amakope otsatirawa:
"Wokondedwa, tikukudziwitsani kuti Letters of Friend of Tolstoy yathetsedwa pazifukwa zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira. Chiwerengero chomaliza cha Makalata chinali No. 1929 pa October 7, koma timafunikira ndalama, popeza mabwenzi athu ambiri adapezeka kuti ali m'ndende, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa makalata, omwe amalowa m'malo mwa Makalata omwe anasiya ochokera ku Friends of Tolstoy, zimafuna nthawi yochulukirapo komanso kutumizira.
Pa October 28, anzathu ambiri a ku Moscow anamangidwa n’kutengedwa kupita kundende ya Butyrka, kumene 2, IK Rosha ndi NP Chernyaev, anamasulidwa patatha milungu itatu pa belo, ndi anzathu 4 – IP Basutin (mlembi wa VG Chertkov), Sorokin. , IM, Pushkov, VV, Neapolitan, Yerney anatumizidwa ku Solovki kwa zaka 5. Pamodzi ndi mnzathu AI Grigoriev, yemwe adamangidwa kale, adathamangitsidwa m'chaka cha 3. Kumangidwa kwa anzathu ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana nawonso kunachitika kumadera ena ku Russia.
Januware 18 p. Akuluakulu akumaloko adaganiza zobalalitsira dera lokhalo pafupi ndi Moscow la Leo Tolstoy, Moyo ndi Ntchito. Anaganiza zochotsa ana a Communards m'masukulu a maphunziro, ndipo Bungwe la Communards linazengedwa mlandu.
Ndi uta wochezeka m'malo mwa V. Chertkov. Ndidziwitseni ngati mwalandira Kalata yochokera kwa Anzanu a Tolstoy No.
Zaka makumi awiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu, canteens zamasamba zinapitirizabe kukhalapo kwa nthawi yoyamba - izi, makamaka, zikuwonetsedwa ndi buku la I. Ilf ndi E. Petrov "Mipando khumi ndi iwiri". Kalelo mu September 1928, Vasya Shershenev, tcheyamani wa New Yerusalim-Tolstoy commune (kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Moscow), anapatsidwa kuti aziyendetsa Canteen ya Zamasamba ku Moscow m'nyengo yozizira. Anasankhidwanso kukhala wapampando wa Moscow Vegetarian Society, choncho nthawi zambiri ankayenda kuchokera ku New York-Tolstoy kupita ku Moscow. Komabe, cha m'ma 1930, ma communes ndi ma cooperative adatchulidwa pambuyo pake. LN Tolstoy adakhazikitsidwanso mokakamiza; kuyambira 1931, m'chigawo cha Kuznetsk adawonekera, ndi mamembala 500. Maderawa amakhala ndi ntchito zaulimi zopindulitsa; mwachitsanzo, commune "Moyo ndi Ntchito" pafupi ndi Novokuznetsk, ku Western Siberia, pa madigiri 54 latitude, anayambitsa kulima strawberries pogwiritsa ntchito greenhouses ndi hothouse mabedi (odwala. 36 yy), komanso anapereka zomera zatsopano mafakitale, makamaka Kuznetskstroy. , masamba ofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, mu 1935-1936. commune idathetsedwa, ambiri mwa mamembala ake adamangidwa.
Chizunzo chimene a Tolstoyan ndi magulu ena (kuphatikizapo Malevanians, Dukhobors ndi Molokans) anazunzidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Soviet akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Mark Popovsky m'buku lakuti Russian Men Tell. Otsatira a Leo Tolstoy ku Soviet Union 1918-1977, lofalitsidwa mu 1983 ku London. Mawu akuti "zamasamba" ku M. Popovsky, ziyenera kunenedwa, kuti amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, chifukwa chakuti kumanga Chigawo cha Military cha Moscow mpaka 1929 chinali malo ofunikira kwambiri a msonkhano kwa otsatira a Tolstoy.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa dongosolo la Soviet pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 kunathetsa kuyesa zamasamba ndi moyo wosakhala wachikhalidwe. Zowona, zoyesayesa zosiyana zopulumutsa zamasamba zidapangidwabe - chotsatira chake chinali kuchepetsedwa kwa lingaliro lazamasamba kukhala zakudya m'njira yopapatiza, ndikukana kwakukulu kwa zipembedzo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, Leningrad Vegetarian Society tsopano inatchedwanso "Leningrad Scientific and Hygienic Vegetarian Society", yomwe, kuyambira mu 1927 (onani pamwambapa, tsamba 110-112 yy), inayamba kufalitsa Diet Hygiene (kudwala) kwa miyezi iwiri. .37 yy). M'kalata yomwe inalembedwa pa July 6, 1927, gulu la Leningrad linatembenukira ku Bungwe la Chigawo cha Usilikali cha Moscow, lomwe linapitirizabe miyambo ya Tolstoy, ndi pempho lopereka ndemanga pa magazini yatsopanoyi.
Pachikumbutso cha Leo Tolstoy mu 1928, magazini ya Food Hygiene inasindikiza nkhani zovomereza kuti sayansi ndi nzeru zinapambana pakulimbana pakati pa kusakonda zamasamba zachipembedzo ndi zamakhalidwe abwino komanso kusadya zamasamba zasayansi ndi ukhondo. Koma ngakhale kuchita mwaŵi koteroko sikunathandize: mu 1930 mawu oti “zamasamba” anazimiririka pamutu wa magaziniyo.
Mfundo yakuti chirichonse chikadakhala chosiyana chikuwonetsedwa ndi chitsanzo cha Bulgaria. Kale mu nthawi ya moyo wa Tolstoy, ziphunzitso zake zinafalitsidwa kwambiri pano (onani tsamba 78 pamwamba pa zomwe zinachitika chifukwa cha kufalitsidwa kwa First Step). M'zaka zonse zoyambirira za m'ma 1926, Chitolstoyism chinakula ku Bulgaria. Anthu a ku Bulgaria a Tolstoyan anali ndi nyuzipepala zawo, magazini, nyumba zosindikizira ndi masitolo ogulitsa mabuku, zomwe makamaka zimalimbikitsa mabuku a Tolstoyan. Gulu la anthu okonda zamasamba linapangidwanso, lomwe linali ndi mamembala ambiri ndipo, mwa zina, anali ndi ma canteens, omwenso anali malo ochitirapo malipoti ndi misonkhano. Mu 400, msonkhano wa zamasamba zaku Bulgaria udachitika, momwe anthu adatenga nawo gawo mu 1913 (tikumbukire kuti chiwerengero cha omwe adatenga nawo gawo ku msonkhano wa Moscow mu 200 adangofikira 9 okha). M'chaka chomwechi, gulu laulimi la Tolstoy linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe, ngakhale pambuyo pa September 1944, 40, tsiku limene chikomyunizimu chinayamba kulamulira, linapitiriza kulemekezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa linkaonedwa kuti ndilo famu yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ntchito m'dzikoli. . "Gulu la Tolstoyan la ku Bulgaria linaphatikizapo mamembala atatu a Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ojambula awiri odziwika bwino, aphunzitsi angapo a yunivesite komanso olemba ndakatulo osachepera asanu ndi atatu, olemba masewera ndi olemba mabuku. Zinadziwika mofala monga chinthu chofunikira pakukweza chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo waumwini ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Bulgaria ndipo chinapitirizabe kukhalapo mu mikhalidwe ya ufulu wachibale mpaka kumapeto kwa 1949s. Mu February 1950, likulu la Sofia Vegetarian Society linatsekedwa ndipo linasandulika kalabu ya apolisi. Mu Januwale 3846, bungwe la Bulgarian Vegetarian Society, lomwe panthawiyo linali ndi mamembala 64 m'mabungwe XNUMX am'deralo, lidatha.