NB Nordman
Ngati mwalemedwa ndi chakudya, nyamukani patebulo ndi kupuma. Zithunzi 31, 24.
“Nthawi zambiri ndimafunsidwa pakamwa komanso polemba kuti, timadya bwanji udzu ndi udzu? Kodi timatafuna kunyumba, m’khola, kapena m’dambo, ndipo zingati kwenikweni? Ambiri amaona chakudya chimenechi ngati nthabwala, amachiseka, ndipo ena amachiona ngati chonyansa, kodi anthu angapatsidwe bwanji chakudya chimene mpaka pano ndi nyama zokha!” Ndi mawu amenewa, mu 1912, ku Prometheus Folk Theatre ku Kuokkala (mudzi wa tchuthi womwe uli pa Gulf of Finland, makilomita 40 kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa St. Petersburg; tsopano ndi Repino), Natalya Borisovna Nordman anayamba maphunziro ake okhudza zakudya ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. .
NB Nordman, malinga ndi lingaliro logwirizana la otsutsa osiyanasiyana, anali mmodzi mwa akazi okongola kwambiri a m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Pokhala mkazi wa IE Repin mu 1900, mpaka imfa yake mu 1914, iye anali chinthu chokondedwa kwambiri, choyamba, cha nyuzipepala yachikasu - chifukwa cha zamasamba ndi malingaliro ake ena.
Pambuyo pake, muulamuliro wa Soviet Union, dzina lake silinatchulidwe. KI Chukovsky, yemwe ankadziwa bwino NB Nordman kuyambira 1907 ndipo analemba mbiri ya imfa m'chikumbumtima chake, anapereka masamba angapo kwa iye m'nkhani za anthu a m'nthawi yake Kuchokera m'mabuku olembedwa mu 1959, pambuyo pa chiyambi cha "thaw". Mu 1948, wotsutsa zamatsenga NDI Zilberstein adanena kuti nthawi imeneyo ya moyo wa IE Repin, yomwe inadziwika ndi NB Nordman, ikuyembekezerabe wofufuza (cf. pamwamba ndi. yy). Mu 1997 nkhani ya Darra Goldstein Kodi Hay ndi Mahatchi okha? Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Zamasamba zaku Russia Pakutembenuka kwa Zaka Zaka zana, zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa mkazi wa Repin: komabe, chithunzi cholemba cha Nordman, chotsogozedwa ndi chithunzi chosakwanira komanso cholakwika cha mbiri yakale yazamasamba zaku Russia, sizimamuchitira chilungamo. Chifukwa chake, D. Goldstein amayang'ana kwambiri zinthu "zautsi" zamapulojekiti okonzanso omwe Nordman adapereka kale; luso lake zophikira amalandiranso Kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, amene mwina chifukwa cha mutu wa zosonkhanitsira amene nkhaniyi inafalitsidwa. Zimene otsutsawo anachita sizinachedwe kubwera; imodzi mwa ndemangayo inati: Nkhani ya Goldstein ikuwonetsa momwe "zili zowopsa kuzindikiritsa gulu lonse ndi munthu aliyense <...> Ofufuza amtsogolo a zamasamba zaku Russia angachite bwino kupenda momwe zidayambira komanso zovuta zomwe zidayenera kukumana nazo. , ndiyeno kuchitira atumwi ake.”
NB Nordman akupereka kuwunika kozama kwa NB Nordman m'buku lake la upangiri waku Russia ndi malangizo a kakhalidwe kuyambira nthawi ya Catherine II: "Komabe kukhalapo kwake kwakanthawi kochepa koma kolimba kunamupatsa mwayi wodziwa malingaliro ndi mikangano yotchuka panthaŵiyo, kuchokera ku ukazi kupita ku ubwino wa zinyama, kuchoka pa “vuto lautumiki” kupita ku kufunafuna ukhondo ndi kudzikonza.
NB Nordman (dzina lodziwika bwino la wolemba - Severova) adabadwa mu 1863 ku Helsingfors (Helsinki) m'banja la admiral waku Russia waku Sweden komanso wolemekezeka waku Russia; Natalya Borisovna nthawi zonse ankanyadira za chiyambi chake cha Finnish ndipo ankakonda kudzitcha "mkazi waulere wa ku Finnish". Ngakhale kuti iye anabatizidwa monga mwa mwambo Lutheran, Alexander II anakhala godfather wake; adalungamitsa limodzi la malingaliro omwe amawakonda pambuyo pake, ndilo "kumasulidwa kwa akapolo" mwa kufewetsa ntchito m'khitchini ndi dongosolo la "kudzithandizira" patebulo (poyembekezera "kudzitumikira" kwamakono), adalungamitsa, osachepera, kukumbukira "Tsar-Liberator", amene mwa lamulo February 19, 1861 anathetsa serfdom. NB Nordman adalandira maphunziro abwino kunyumba, magwero amatchula zilankhulo zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi u1909buXNUMXbzomwe amalankhula; anaphunzira nyimbo, kutengera chitsanzo, kujambula ndi kujambula. Ngakhale mtsikana, Natasha, zikuoneka kuti anavutika kwambiri ndi mtunda umene unalipo pakati pa ana ndi makolo olemekezeka apamwamba, chifukwa chisamaliro ndi kulera ana anaperekedwa kwa nannies, adzakazi ndi amayi oyembekezera. Nkhani yake yachidule yolemba mbiri ya Maman (XNUMX), yomwe ndi imodzi mwankhani zabwino kwambiri za ana m'mabuku achi Russia, ikuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe moyo wa mwana umalepheretsa mwana kukhala ndi chikondi cha umayi ungakhale nawo pamoyo wa mwana. Lembali likuwoneka kuti ndilo chinsinsi cha chikhalidwe chokhwima cha zionetsero za chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kukana zizoloŵezi zambiri zamakhalidwe zomwe zinatsimikizira njira ya moyo wake.
Pofunafuna ufulu ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu, mu 1884, ali ndi zaka makumi awiri, anapita ku United States kwa chaka chimodzi, kumene ankagwira ntchito pa famu. Atabwerera kuchokera ku America, NB Nordman adasewera pa siteji ya masewera ku Moscow. Panthawiyo, ankakhala ndi bwenzi lake lapamtima, Mfumukazi MK Tenisheva "mu chikhalidwe chojambula ndi nyimbo", ankakonda "kuvina kwa ballet, Italy, kujambula, zojambulajambula, psychophysiology ndi ndale zachuma." Mu Moscow zisudzo "Paradaiso" Nordman anakumana wamalonda wamng'ono Alekseev - m'pamene anatenga pseudonym Stanislavsky, ndipo mu 1898 anakhala woyambitsa Moscow Art Theatre. Mtsogoleri Alexander Filippovich Fedotov (1841-1895) anamulonjeza "tsogolo lalikulu ngati zisudzo zisudzo", amene tingawerenge m'buku lake "Itimate Pages" (1910). Pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa IE Repin ndi EN Zvantseva adakhumudwa kwambiri, Nordman adalowa naye m'banja. Mu 1900, adayendera Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse ku Paris pamodzi, kenako anapita ku Italy. IE Repin anajambula zithunzi zingapo za mkazi wake, pakati pawo - chithunzi m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Zell "NB Nordman mu kapu ya Tyrolean "(yy ill.), - chithunzi chomwe Repin ankachikonda kwambiri cha mkazi wake. Mu 1905 anapitanso ku Italy; ali m'njira, ku Krakow, Repin akujambula chithunzi china cha mkazi wake; Ulendo wawo wotsatira wopita ku Italy, ulendo uno kupita ku chionetsero cha mayiko ku Turin ndiyeno ku Rome, unachitika mu 1911.
NB Nordman anamwalira mu June 1914 ku Orselino, pafupi ndi Locarno, chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu cha pakhosi 13; Pa May 26, 1989, mbale ya chikumbutso inaikidwa pamanda a m’deralo yokhala ndi mawu akuti “wolemba ndi mnzake wa moyo wa wojambula Wamkulu wa ku Russia Ilya Repin” (wodwala 14 yy). Womalizayo adapereka mbiri yomvetsa chisoni kwa iye, yofalitsidwa mu Vegetarian Herald. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu pamene iye anali mboni yapafupi ya ntchito zake, sanasiye kudabwa ndi "phwando la moyo" wake, chiyembekezo chake, malingaliro ochuluka ndi kulimba mtima. "Penates", nyumba yawo ku Kuokkala, idakhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ngati yunivesite yapagulu, yomwe idapangidwira anthu osiyanasiyana; apa nkhani zamitundumitundu zinaperekedwa: “Ayi, simudzayiwala; m'pamenenso anthu adziwa zambiri za zolemba zake zosaiŵalika.
M'makumbukiro ake, KI Chukovsky amateteza NB Nordman ku zigawenga za atolankhani aku Russia: "Lolani kuti ulaliki wake nthawi zina umakhala wovuta kwambiri, umawoneka ngati wongopeka, wachisoni - chilakolako chotere, kusasamala, kukonzekera nsembe zamitundu yonse kunakhudza komanso kukondwera. iye. Ndipo mutayang'anitsitsa, munawona muzochita zake zambiri zazikulu, zomveka. Zamasamba zaku Russia, malinga ndi Chukovsky, wataya mtumwi wake wamkulu mmenemo. "Anali ndi talente yayikulu pazabodza zamtundu uliwonse. Iye anasirira chotani nanga oyenerera! Kulalikira kwake kwa mgwirizano kunali chiyambi cha malo ogulitsa ogula ku Kuokkale; iye anayambitsa laibulale; anatanganidwa kwambiri ndi sukulu; iye anakonza zisudzo wowerengeka; adathandizira malo obisalako zamasamba - onse ali ndi chidwi chofanana. Malingaliro ake onse anali ademokalase. " Zachabechabe Chukovsky analimbikitsa kuti kuiwala za kusintha ndi kulemba mabuku, comedies, nkhani. “Nditakumana ndi nkhani yake ya The Runaway in Niva, ndinadabwa ndi luso lake losayembekezereka: chojambula champhamvu chotere, chamitundu yowona, yolimba mtima. M'buku lake la Intimate Pages muli ndime zambiri zochititsa chidwi za wosema Trubetskoy, za ojambula osiyanasiyana a ku Moscow. Ndikukumbukira ndi chidwi chimene olemba (omwe analipo olemekezeka kwambiri) anamvetsera nthabwala zake za Ana Aang'ono mu Penate. Anali ndi diso loyang'anitsitsa, ankadziwa bwino kukambirana, ndipo masamba ambiri a mabuku ake ndi ntchito zaluso zenizeni. Ndimatha kulemba voliyumu pambuyo pa voliyumu, monga olemba azimayi ena. Koma iye anakopeka ndi mtundu wina wa bizinesi, ku mtundu wina wa ntchito, kumene, kupatulapo kuzunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa, iye sanakumanepo kanthu kumanda.
Kuti tipeze tsogolo la zamasamba zaku Russia pazachikhalidwe cha Russia, ndikofunikira kukhazikika mwatsatanetsatane pa chithunzi cha NB Nordman.
Pokhala wokonzanso mu mzimu, adayika masinthidwe (m'magawo osiyanasiyana) pamaziko a zokhumba za moyo wake, ndipo zakudya - m'malingaliro awo ambiri - zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Udindo waukulu mu kusintha kwa moyo wa zamasamba pa nkhani ya Nordman mwachiwonekere ankasewera ndi kumudziwa Repin, amene kale mu 1891, motsogozedwa ndi Leo Tolstoy, anayamba kukhala zamasamba nthawi zina. Koma ngati za Repin zaukhondo ndi thanzi labwino zinali patsogolo, ndiye kuti zolinga zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha Nordman posakhalitsa zidakhala zofunika kwambiri. Mu 1913, m’kabuku kakuti The Testaments of Paradise, analemba kuti: “Mwa manyazi, ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti sindinabwere ku lingaliro la kusadya nyama mwa njira ya makhalidwe, koma chifukwa cha kuvutika kwakuthupi. Pofika zaka makumi anayi [ie cha m'ma 1900 - PB] ndinali nditaluma kale. Nordman sanangophunzira ntchito za madokotala H. Lamann ndi L. Pasco, omwe amadziwika kuti Repin, komanso adalimbikitsa Kneipp hydrotherapy, komanso kulimbikitsa kuphweka ndi moyo pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha chikondi chopanda malire pa nyama, iye anakana zamasamba za lacto-ovo: nazonso, "zimatanthauza kukhala ndi moyo ndi kupha ndi kuba." Anakananso mazira, batala, mkaka ngakhale uchi ndipo, motero, anali, m'mawu amasiku ano - monga, Tolstoy - wodyera zamasamba (koma osati zakudya zosaphika). Zowona, m'mapangano ake a Paradaiso amapereka maphikidwe angapo a chakudya chamadzulo, koma kenako amasungitsa kuti wangopanga kumene zakudya zotere, palibe zambiri pazakudya zake. Komabe, m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, Nordman anayesetsa kuti azitsatira zakudya zosaphika - mu 1913 adalembera I. Perper: "Ndimadya yaiwisi ndikumva bwino <...> Lachitatu, pamene tinali ndi Babin, ife anali ndi mawu omaliza okhudza zamasamba: chilichonse kwa anthu 30 chinali chaiwisi, palibe chophika chilichonse. Nordman adapereka zoyeserera zake kwa anthu wamba. Pa March 25, 1913, anadziŵitsa I. Perper ndi mkazi wake ku Penat:
"Moni, okondedwa anga, Joseph ndi Esther.
Zikomo chifukwa cha makalata anu okondeka, owona mtima ndi okoma mtima. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthawi, ndikuyenera kulemba zochepa kuposa momwe ndikufunira. Ndikhoza kukupatsani uthenga wabwino. Dzulo, pa Psycho-Neurological Institute, Ilya Efimovich anawerenga "Pa Achinyamata", ndipo ine: "Chakudya chosaphika, monga thanzi, chuma ndi chimwemwe." Ophunzirawo anakhala mlungu wathunthu akukonza mbale malinga ndi malangizo anga. Panali omvera pafupifupi chikwi, panthawi yopuma adapereka tiyi kuchokera ku udzu, tiyi wa lunguzi ndi masangweji opangidwa kuchokera ku azitona oyeretsedwa, mizu ndi bowa wa mkaka wa safironi, pambuyo pa phunziroli aliyense anasamukira ku chipinda chodyera, kumene ophunzira anapatsidwa maphunziro anayi. chakudya chamadzulo kwa kopecks zisanu ndi chimodzi: oatmeal woviikidwa, nandolo zoviikidwa, vinaigrette kuchokera ku mizu yaiwisi ndi tirigu wapansi wa tirigu yemwe angalowe m'malo mwa mkate.
Ngakhale kuti kukayikira komwe kumachitidwa nthawi zonse kumayambiriro kwa ulaliki wanga, kunatha kuti zidendene za omvera adatha kuyatsa moto kwa omvera, amadya pood ya oatmeal woviikidwa, pood ya nandolo ndi masangweji opanda malire. . Iwo ankamwa udzu [ie herbal tea. – PB] ndipo anadza mu mtundu wina wa magetsi, wapadera maganizo, amene, ndithudi, kutsogozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa Ilya Efimovich ndi mawu ake, aunikiridwa ndi chikondi kwa achinyamata. Purezidenti wa bungwe la VM Bekhterov [sic] ndi mapulofesa adamwa tiyi kuchokera ku udzu ndi lunguzi ndipo adadya mbale zonse ndi chilakolako. Tinajambulidwa ngakhale panthawiyo. Pambuyo pa phunziroli, VM Bekhterov adatiwonetsa zabwino kwambiri komanso zolemera kwambiri potengera kapangidwe kake ka sayansi, Psycho-Neurological Institute ndi Anti-Alcohol Institute. Tsiku limenelo tinaona chikondi chochuluka ndi malingaliro abwino ambiri.
Ndikukutumizirani kabuku kanga kofalitsidwa kumene [Mapangano a Paradaiso]. Lembani zomwe adakuwonetsani. Ndinkakonda magazini yanu yomaliza, nthawi zonse ndimapirira zinthu zambiri zabwino komanso zothandiza. Ife, tikuthokoza Mulungu, ndife amphamvu ndi athanzi, tsopano ndadutsa mu magawo onse okonda zamasamba ndikulalikira chakudya chosaphika chokha.
VM Bekhterev (1857-1927), pamodzi ndi physiologist IP Pavlov, ndiye woyambitsa chiphunzitso cha "conditioned reflexes". Amadziwika bwino ku West monga wofufuza za matenda monga kuuma kwa msana, masiku ano amatchedwa matenda a Bechterew (Morbus Bechterev). Bekhterev anali wochezeka ndi katswiri wa zamoyo ndi physiologist Prof. IR Tarkhanov (1846-1908), mmodzi wa ofalitsa Bulletin yoyamba ya Vegetarian, nayenso anali pafupi ndi IE Repin, yemwe mu 1913 adajambula chithunzi chake (odwala 15 yy.); mu "Penates" Bekhterev anawerenga lipoti la chiphunzitso chake cha hypnosis; mu March 1915 ku Petrograd, pamodzi ndi Repin, anapereka ulaliki pa mutu wakuti "Tolstoy monga wojambula ndi woganiza."
Kumwa kwa zitsamba kapena "udzu" - nkhani yachipongwe cha anthu aku Russia komanso atolankhani anthawiyo - sizinali zosintha. Nordmann, mofanana ndi okonzanso ena a ku Russia, adatengera kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zochokera ku Western Europe, makamaka gulu lokonzanso ku Germany, kuphatikizapo G. Lamann. Zitsamba zambiri ndi mbewu monga chimanga zomwe Nordman adalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tiyi ndi zotulutsa (decoctions) zimadziwika kuti ndi zamankhwala m'nthawi zakale, zidatenga gawo mu nthano, ndipo zidakulitsidwa m'minda ya amonke akale. Abbess Hildegard wa Bingen (1098-1178) adawafotokozera m'mabuku ake asayansi achilengedwe Physica and Causae et curae. “Manja a milungu” ameneŵa, monga momwe zitsamba nthaŵi zina ankatchulira, ali paliponse m’mankhwala amakono amakono. Koma ngakhale kafukufuku wamakono wamankhwala amaphatikizanso m'mapulogalamu ake maphunziro azinthu zogwira ntchito zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka muzomera zosiyanasiyana.
Kusokonezeka kwa atolankhani aku Russia pazatsopano za NB Nordman amakumbukira kudabwa kopanda nzeru kwa atolankhani aku Western, pomwe, pokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa zakudya zamasamba komanso kupambana koyamba kwa tofu ku United States, atolankhani adazindikira kuti soya, imodzi mwazakudya zamasamba. zomera zakale kwambiri nakulitsa, mu China wakhala chakudya mankhwala kwa zaka masauzande.
Komabe, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti gawo lina la atolankhani aku Russia linasindikizanso ndemanga zabwino za zokamba za NB Nordman. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, pa August 1, 1912, Birzhevye Vedomosti adafalitsa lipoti la wolemba II Yasinsky (anali wamasamba!) - PB] ndi zomwe osauka, olemera ndi olemera ayenera kudziwa ”; nkhani iyi inaperekedwa ndi kupambana kwakukulu pa July 30 pa Prometheus Theatre. Pambuyo pake, Nordmann adzapereka "chifuwa chophika" kuti athandize ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wophika, pamodzi ndi ziwonetsero zina, ku Moscow Vegetarian Exhibition mu 1913 ndipo adzadziwitsa anthu zapadera za kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zomwe zimasunga kutentha - izi ndi zina zosintha. mapulojekiti omwe adatengera kuchokera ku Western Europe.
NB Nordman anali woyamba kuchita kampeni yomenyera ufulu wa amayi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina amakana ma suffragette; Kufotokozera kwa Chukovsky m'lingaliro ili (onani pamwambapa) ndikomveka. Choncho, iye anaika ufulu wa mkazi kuyesetsa kudzizindikira osati mwa umayi okha. Mwa njira, iye anapulumuka: mwana wake yekhayo Natasha anamwalira mu 1897 pa zaka masabata awiri. Mu moyo wa mkazi, Nordman ankakhulupirira kuti payenera kukhala malo zofuna zina. Chimodzi mwa zokhumba zake zofunika kwambiri chinali "kumasulidwa kwa antchito". Mwiniwake wa "Penates" adalota kuti akhazikitse mwalamulo tsiku logwira ntchito la maola asanu ndi atatu kwa antchito apakhomo omwe amagwira ntchito maola 18, ndipo adalakalaka kuti malingaliro a "ambuye" kwa antchitowo asinthe, akhale aumunthu. Mu Kukambirana pakati pa "Dona wamakono" ndi "mkazi wamtsogolo", pempho likufotokozedwa kuti akazi a Russian intelligentsia sayenera kumenyana ndi kufanana kwa amayi omwe ali pamtundu wawo, komanso ena. strata, mwachitsanzo, anthu oposa miliyoni miliyoni a antchito achikazi ku Russia. Nordman anali wotsimikiza kuti "zamasamba, zomwe zifewetsa ndi kuthandizira nkhawa za moyo, zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhani ya kumasulidwa kwa antchito."
Ukwati wa Nordman ndi Repin, yemwe anali wamkulu zaka 19 kuposa mkazi wake, ndithudi, sanali "wopanda mitambo". Moyo wawo pamodzi mu 1907-1910 unali wogwirizana kwambiri. Kenako anawoneka ngati osasiyanitsidwa, pambuyo pake panali zovuta.
Onse aŵiriwo anali anthu owala ndi aukali, ndi kupulupudza kwawo, akuthandizana m’njira zambiri. Repin adayamikira kukula kwa chidziwitso cha mkazi wake ndi luso lake lolemba; iye, mbali yake, anasilira wojambula wotchuka: kuyambira 1901 iye anasonkhanitsa mabuku onse za iye, analemba Albums ofunika ndi zodula nyuzipepala. M'madera ambiri, apeza ntchito yothandizana yopindulitsa.
Repin anapereka chithunzithunzi cha zolemba zina za mkazi wake. Kotero, mu 1900, iye analemba ma watercolors asanu ndi anayi m'nkhani yake ya Fugitive, yofalitsidwa mu Niva; mu 1901, kope lapadera la nkhaniyi linasindikizidwa pansi pa mutu wakuti Eta, ndipo kwa kope lachitatu (1912) Nordman anabwera ndi mutu wina - Ku zolinga. Za nkhani ya Cross of Motherhood. Diary yachinsinsi, yofalitsidwa ngati buku lapadera mu 1904, Repin adapanga zojambula zitatu. Pomaliza, ntchito yake ndi kapangidwe ka chikuto cha buku la Nordman Intimate Pages (1910) (ill. 16 yy).
Onse, Repin ndi Nordman, anali akhama kwambiri komanso odzaza ndi ludzu lakuchita. Onse awiri anali pafupi ndi zikhumbo za chikhalidwe cha anthu: zochitika za mkazi wake, mwinamwake, ankakonda Repin, chifukwa pansi pa cholembera chake kwa zaka zambiri kunatuluka zojambula zodziwika bwino za chikhalidwe cha anthu mu mzimu wa Wanderers.
Repin atakhala membala wa Vegetarian Review mu 1911, NB Nordman adayambanso kugwirizana ndi magaziniyi. Anayesetsa kuthandizira VO pamene wofalitsa wake IO Perper adapempha thandizo mu 1911 chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma za magazini. Anayitana ndi kulemba makalata kuti alembe anthu olembetsa, anatembenukira kwa Paolo Trubetskoy ndi Ammayi Lidia Borisovna Yavorskaya-Baryatynskaya kuti apulumutse magazini "yokongola kwambiri". Leo Tolstoy, - kotero analemba pa October 28, 1911, - asanamwalire, "monga kuti adadalitsa" wofalitsa magazini I. Perper.
Mu "Penate" NB Nordman adayambitsa kugawa kwanthawi kokhazikika kwa alendo ambiri omwe amafuna kukaona Repin. Izi zidabweretsa dongosolo ku moyo wake wopanga: "Timakhala moyo wokangalika komanso wogawidwa mosamalitsa pofika ola. Timavomereza Lachitatu kuyambira 3 koloko madzulo mpaka 9 koloko masana. Kuwonjezera pa Lachitatu, timachitabe misonkhano ya mabwana athu Lamlungu.” Alendo amatha kukhala nthawi zonse chakudya chamasana - ndithudi zamasamba - pa tebulo lozungulira lodziwika bwino, ndi tebulo lina lozungulira lokhala ndi zogwirira pakati, zomwe zimalola kudzipangira; D. Burliuk anatisiyira malongosoledwe odabwitsa a chithandizo choterocho.
Umunthu wa NB Nordman komanso kufunikira kwapakatikati kwazamasamba m'dongosolo la moyo wake zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri m'mabuku ake a Intimate Pages, omwe ndi osakanikirana amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamodzi ndi nkhani yakuti "Maman", idaphatikizaponso mafotokozedwe amoyo m'makalata a maulendo awiri opita ku Tolstoy - yoyamba, yayitali, kuyambira September 21 mpaka 29, 1907 (makalata asanu ndi limodzi kwa abwenzi, pp. 77-96), ndipo yachiwiri, chachifupi, mu December 1908 (tsamba 130-140); nkhanizi zili ndi zokambirana zambiri ndi anthu okhala ku Yasnaya Polyana. Mosiyana kwambiri ndi iwo ndi ziwonetsero (makalata khumi) omwe Nordman analandira pamene anatsagana ndi Repin ku ziwonetsero za Wanderers ku Moscow (kuyambira pa December 11 mpaka 16, 1908 ndi December 1909). Mlengalenga umene unalipo pa ziwonetsero, makhalidwe a ojambula VI Surikov, NDI Ostroukhov ndi PV Kuznetsov, wosema NA Andreev, zojambula za moyo wawo; chiwopsezo chojambula cha VE Makovsky "Pambuyo pa Tsoka", cholandidwa ndi apolisi; nkhani ya kavalidwe kavalidwe ka Inspector General wopangidwa ndi Stanislavsky ku Moscow Art Theatre - zonsezi zinawonetsedwa mu zolemba zake.
Pamodzi ndi izi, Masamba a Intimate ali ndi kufotokozera mozama za ulendo wopita kwa wojambula Vasnetsov, yemwe Nordman amamupezanso "mapiko a kumanja" ndi "Orthodox"; nkhani zina zokhudza maulendo amatsatira: mu 1909 - ndi LO Pasternak, "Myuda weniweni", yemwe "amajambula ndi kulemba <...> mosalekeza atsikana ake awiri okondeka"; philanthropist Shchukin - lero zojambula zake zolemera kwambiri za Western European modernism zimakongoletsa Hermitage ya St. komanso misonkhano ndi ena, omwe tsopano sakudziwika oimira a panthawiyo zojambulajambula za ku Russia. Pomaliza, bukuli lili ndi chithunzi chofotokoza za Paolo Trubetskoy, chomwe takambirana kale pamwambapa, komanso kufotokoza za "Misonkhano Yachigwirizano Ya Anthu Lamlungu M'ma Penti."
Zojambula zamalembazi zimalembedwa ndi cholembera chopepuka; mwaluso anaikapo zidutswa za zokambirana; zambiri zofotokoza mzimu wa nthawiyo; zomwe adaziwona zikufotokozedwa mosalekeza molingana ndi zilakolako za chikhalidwe cha anthu a NB Nordman, ndikudzudzula koopsa komanso koyenera kwa malo osapindulitsa a azimayi ndi gawo laling'ono la anthu, ndi kufunikira kwa kuphweka, kukana misonkhano yosiyanasiyana yamagulu ndi zonyansa. , ndi kutamandidwa kwa moyo wakumudzi pafupi ndi chilengedwe, komanso zakudya zamasamba.
Mabuku a NB Nordman, omwe amadziwitsa owerenga za kusintha kwa moyo komwe akufuna, adasindikizidwa m'mabuku ocheperako (cf.: The Testaments of Paradise - makope a 1000 okha) ndipo lero ndi osowa. Buku lokhalo lakuti Cookbook for the Starving (1911) linafalitsidwa m’makope 10; inagulitsidwa ngati makeke otentha ndipo inagulitsidwa kotheratu m’zaka ziŵiri. Chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa zolemba za NB Nordman, nditchula zolemba zingapo zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zomwe sizofunikira konse kutsatira, koma zomwe zingayambitse kuganiza.
"Nthawi zambiri ndinkaganiza ku Moscow kuti m'moyo wathu pali mitundu yambiri yachikale yomwe tiyenera kuchotsa mwamsanga. Pano, mwachitsanzo, pali chipembedzo cha "mlendo":
Munthu wina wodzichepetsa amene amakhala mwakachetechete, amadya pang’ono, osamwa n’komwe, adzasonkhana kwa anzawo. Ndipo kotero, atangolowa m’nyumba mwawo, ayenera kuleka pomwepo kukhala chimene iye ali. Amamulandira mwachikondi, kaŵirikaŵiri monyadira, ndipo mofulumira chotero kuti amudyetse mwamsanga, monga ngati watopa ndi njala. Zakudya zambiri zodyedwa ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa patebulo kuti mlendo asamangodya, komanso amawona mapiri a chakudya patsogolo pake. Ayenera kumeza mitundu yambirimbiri yosiyanasiyana kuwononga thanzi ndi luntha kotero kuti amatsimikiza za chipwirikiti cha mawa. Choyamba, appetizers. Chofunika kwambiri mlendo, spicier ndi poizoni kwambiri zokhwasula-khwasula. Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana, osachepera 10. Ndiye msuzi ndi ma pie ndi zina zinayi mbale; vinyo amakakamizidwa kumwa. Ambiri amatsutsa, amati adokotala adaletsa, zimayambitsa kupweteka, kukomoka. Palibe chomwe chimathandiza. Iye ndi mlendo, mtundu wina wa dziko kunja kwa nthawi, ndi danga, ndi zomveka. Poyamba, zimakhala zovuta kwa iye, ndiye kuti mimba yake imakula, ndipo amayamba kuyamwa zonse zomwe wapatsidwa, ndipo ali ndi ufulu wopatsidwa magawo, ngati munthu wamba. Pambuyo pa mavinyo osiyanasiyana - mchere, khofi, mowa, zipatso, nthawi zina ndudu yamtengo wapatali imayikidwa, kusuta ndi kusuta. Ndipo amasuta, ndipo mutu wake uli ndi poizoni kwathunthu, ukuzungulira mu mtundu wina wa matenda osayenera. Amadzuka kuchokera ku chakudya chamasana. Pa nthawi ya mlendoyo, anadya nyumba yonse. Amalowa pabalaza, mlendo ayeneradi kukhala ndi ludzu. Fulumira, fulumira, seltzer. Atangomwa, maswiti kapena chokoleti amaperekedwa, ndipo pamenepo amatsogolera tiyi kuti amwe ndi zokhwasula-khwasula ozizira. Mlendoyo, mukuona, wasokonezeka maganizo ndipo ali wokondwa, pamene XNUMX koloko m'mawa potsirizira pake amafika kunyumba ndipo anakomoka pabedi lake.
Nayenso alendo akasonkhana pa munthu wodzichepetsa ndi wachete ameneyu, amakhala wopenga. Ngakhale dzulo lake, kugula kunali kukuchitika, nyumba yonse inali pa mapazi ake, antchito anali kudzudzulidwa ndi kumenyedwa, chirichonse chinali chozondoka, iwo anali okazinga, akuwotcha, ngati akuyembekezera Amwenye omwe ali ndi njala. Kuonjezera apo, mabodza onse a moyo amawonekera muzokonzekera izi - alendo ofunikira ali ndi ufulu wokonzekera kumodzi, mbale imodzi, vases ndi nsalu, alendo ambiri - chirichonse chimakhalanso chapakati, ndipo osauka akuipiraipira, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale awa ndi okhawo omwe angakhale ndi njala. Ndipo ana, ndi olamulira, ndi antchito, ndi wapakhomo amaphunzitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana, kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa kukonzekera, kulemekeza ena, ndi zabwino, kugwadira mwaulemu kwa iwo, kunyoza ena. Nyumba yonseyo imazolowera kukhala mu bodza lamuyaya - chinthu chimodzi kwa ena, china kwa iwo eni. Ndipo Mulungu aletse anthu ena kudziwa mmene amakhalira tsiku lililonse. Pali anthu omwe amawotchera katundu wawo kuti adyetse bwino alendo, kugula chinanazi ndi vinyo, ena amadula bajeti, kuchokera ku zofunika kwambiri pa cholinga chomwecho. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. "Kodi zidzakhala zoipa kwa ine kuposa ena?"
Kodi miyambo yachilendo imeneyi imachokera kuti? - Ndikufunsa IE [Repin] - Izi, mwina, zidabwera kwa ife kuchokera Kummawa !!!
East!? Kodi mukudziwa zochuluka bwanji za Kum'mawa! Kumeneko, moyo wabanja umatsekedwa ndipo alendo saloledwa ngakhale pafupi - mlendo m'chipinda cholandirira alendo amakhala pa sofa ndikumwa kapu kakang'ono ka khofi. Ndizomwezo!
- Ndipo ku Finland, alendo sakuitanidwa kumalo awo, koma ku malo ogulitsa makeke kapena malo odyera, koma ku Germany amapita kwa anansi awo ndi mowa wawo. Ndiye tandiuzani, kodi mwambo umenewu umachokera kuti?
- Kumeneko! Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha Russia. Werengani Zabelin, ali ndi zonse zolembedwa. M'masiku akale, panali mbale 60 pa chakudya chamadzulo ndi mafumu ndi anyamata. Zochulukirapo. Ndi angati, mwina sindinganene, zikuwoneka kuti zafika zana.
Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri ku Moscow, malingaliro odyedwa amabwera m'maganizo mwanga. Ndipo ndimaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanga zonse kuti ndidzikonzere kuchokera ku mawonekedwe akale, osatha. Ufulu wofanana ndi kudzithandiza si malingaliro oipa, pambuyo pake! Ndikofunikira kutaya ballast yakale yomwe imasokoneza moyo ndikusokoneza maubwenzi abwino osavuta!
Inde, tikukamba pano za miyambo ya kumtunda kwa chikhalidwe cha Russia chisanachitike. Komabe, ndizosatheka kukumbukira "kuchereza alendo kwa Russia", nthano ya khutu la IA Krylov Demyanov, madandaulo a dokotala Pavel Niemeyer pa zomwe zimatchedwa "kunenepa" pazakudya zapadera (Abfutterung ku Privatkreisen, onani pansipa p. 374 yy) kapena momvekera bwino za mkhalidwe wokhazikitsidwa ndi Wolfgang Goethe, yemwe analandira chiitano chochokera kwa Moritz von Bethmann ku Frankfurt pa October 19, 1814: “Ndiloleni ndikuuzeni, mosabisa mawu a mlendo, kuti sindinazoloŵere kukhala nawo. chakudya chamadzulo.” Ndipo mwina wina adzakumbukira zomwe adakumana nazo.
Kuchereza alendo movutikira kudakhala chinthu chozunzidwa kwambiri ndi Nordman ndipo mu 1908:
“Ndipo tili mu hotelo yathu, muholo yayikulu, titakhala pakona kuti tidye chakudya cham'mawa chamasamba. Boborykin ali nafe. Anakumana pa elevator ndipo tsopano akutisambitsa ndi maluwa amitundumitundu <…>.
“Masiku ano tidyera limodzi chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamasana,” akutero Boborykin. Koma kodi n'zotheka kudya chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamasana? Choyamba, nthawi yathu ndi yoyenera, ndipo kachiwiri, timayesetsa kudya pang'ono momwe tingathere, kuti tichepetse chakudya. M'nyumba zonse, gout ndi sclerosis zimaperekedwa pa mbale zokongola ndi vases. Ndipo ochereza akuyesera ndi mphamvu zawo zonse kuwaphunzitsa mwa alendo. Tsiku lina tinapita kukadya kadzutsa. Pa maphunziro achisanu ndi chiwiri, ndinaganiza zosiya kuitanidwanso. Ndi ndalama zingati, zovuta zingati, ndi zonse mokomera kunenepa ndi matenda. Ndipo ndinaganizanso kuti ndisadzachitirenso wina aliyense, chifukwa kale nditadya ayisikilimu ndidamva mkwiyo wosabisika kwa wolandira alendoyo. Pamaola awiri atakhala patebulo, sanalole kuti kukambiranako kuyambike. Anasokoneza mazana a malingaliro, osokonezeka komanso okhumudwitsa osati ife tokha. Posachedwapa wina adatsegula pakamwa pake - adadulidwa muzu ndi mawu a wolandira alendo - "Bwanji osamwa madzi?" - "Ayi, ngati mukufuna, ndikuyikani ma turkeys ambiri! ..” - Mlendoyo, akuyang'ana mozungulira, adalowa mu nkhondo yamanja, koma adafera momwemo mosasinthika. Mbale wake adapakidwa m'mphepete.
Ayi, ayi - sindikufuna kutenga udindo wokhumudwitsa komanso wonyansa wa ochereza akale.
Chionetsero chotsutsana ndi misonkhano ya moyo wapamwamba komanso waulesi wa ambuye angapezekenso pofotokozera ulendo wa Repin ndi Nordman kwa wojambula ndi wosonkhanitsa IS Ostroukhov (1858-1929). Alendo ambiri anabwera ku nyumba ya Ostroukhov madzulo oimba operekedwa kwa Schubert. Pambuyo pa atatu:
“NDI. E. [Repin] ndi wotumbululuka komanso wotopa. Yakwana nthawi yoti tipite. Tili pamsewu. <…>
- Kodi mukudziwa momwe zimavutira kukhala mwa ambuye. <…> Ayi, monga mukufunira, sindingathe kuchita izi kwa nthawi yayitali.
– Inenso sindingakhoze. Kodi ndizotheka kukhala pansi ndi kupitanso?
– Tiyeni tipite wapansi! Zodabwitsa!
- Ndikupita, ndikupita!
Ndipo mpweya ndi wokhuthala komanso wozizira kwambiri moti sumalowa m’mapapu.
Tsiku lotsatira, mkhalidwe wofananawo. Nthawi ino akuchezera wojambula wotchuka Vasnetsov: "Ndipo mkazi ndi uyu. IE anandiuza kuti iye anali wa intelligentsia, kuchokera woyamba maphunziro a madokotala wamkazi, kuti anali wanzeru kwambiri, amphamvu ndipo wakhala bwenzi wabwino wa Viktor Mikhailovich. Kotero iye samapita, koma monga choncho - mwina amayandama, kapena amagudubuzika. Kunenepa kwambiri, anzanga! Ndipo chiyani! Penyani! Ndipo iye alibe chidwi - ndipo bwanji! Pano pali chithunzi chake pakhoma mu 1878. Woonda, wamalingaliro, ndi maso otentha akuda.
Kuvomereza kwa NB Nordman pakudzipereka kwake pazamasamba kumadziwika ndi kunena momveka bwino. Tiyeni tifanizire kalata yachinayi ya nkhani ya ulendo wa 1909: “Ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro otere tinalowa mu Slavyansky Bazaar dzulo pa kadzutsa. O, moyo wa mumzinda uno! Muyenera kuzolowera mpweya wake wa chikonga, kudzipha ndi chakudya chamtembo, kusokoneza malingaliro anu amakhalidwe abwino, kuyiwala chilengedwe, Mulungu, kuti muthe kupirira. Ndikupuma mopuma, ndinakumbukira mpweya wa basamu wa m’nkhalango yathu. Ndipo thambo, ndi dzuwa, ndi nyenyezi zimaunikira m’mitima mwathu. “Anthu iwe, undikonzere nkhaka msanga. Mwamva!? Mawu odziwika bwino. Kukumananso. Apanso, atatufe tili patebulo. Kodi ndi ndani? sindidzanena. Mwinamwake mukhoza kulingalira. <...> Patebulo lathu pali vinyo wofiira wotentha, wisky [sic!], mbale zosiyanasiyana, zovunda zokongola mu ma curls. <…> Ndatopa ndikufuna kupita kunyumba. Ndipo pakhwalala pali zachabechabe, zachabechabe. Mawa ndi nthawi ya Khrisimasi. Ngolo za ana a ng’ombe oundana ndi zamoyo zina zimayendayenda paliponse. Ku Okhotny Ryad, mbalame zakufa zimapachikidwa pamiyendo. Tsiku Lotsatira Mawa Kubadwa kwa Mpulumutsi Wofatsa. Ndi miyoyo ingati yomwe yatayika mu Dzina Lake.” Kusinkhasinkha kofananira pamaso pa Nordman kungapezeke kale m'nkhani ya Shelley Pa Vegetable System of Diet (1814-1815).
Chochititsa chidwi m’lingaliro limeneli ndi ndemanga ya chiitano china ku Ostroukhovs, nthaŵi ino ku chakudya chamadzulo (chilembo chachisanu ndi chiwiri): “Tinali ndi chakudya chamadzulo chamasamba. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, eni ake, ndi wophika, ndi antchito anali pansi pa hypnosis ya chinthu chotopetsa, chanjala, chozizira komanso chochepa. Mukanaona supu ya bowa yonyezimira ija imene inkanunkhiza madzi otentha, phala la mpunga lamafuta lija limene mphesa zouma zowiritsa zowiritsa zinakulungidwa momvetsa chisoni, ndi poto wakuya mmene munatulutsiramo supu ya sago mokaikiritsa ndi supuni. Nkhope zachisoni zokhala ndi lingaliro lowakakamiza."
M'masomphenya amtsogolo, m'mbali zambiri zotsimikizika kuposa momwe amakokedwera ndi ndakatulo zoopsa za Russian Symbolists, NB Nordman amalosera momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino za tsoka lomwe lidzachitike ku Russia m'zaka khumi. Atatha ulendo woyamba ku Ostroukhov, iye analemba kuti: “M’mawu ake, munthu amaona kulambira pamaso pa mamiliyoni a Shchukin. Ine, wolimba mtima ndi mapepala anga a 5-kopeck, m'malo mwake, ndinali ndi vuto lokumana ndi chikhalidwe chathu chosadziwika bwino. Kuponderezedwa kwa likulu, tsiku logwira ntchito la maola 12, kusatetezeka kwa olumala ndi ukalamba wa antchito amdima, otuwa, kupanga nsalu moyo wawo wonse, chifukwa cha chidutswa cha mkate, nyumba yokongola iyi ya Shchukin, yomwe inamangidwa kale ndi manja. a akapolo oletsedwa a serfdom, ndipo tsopano akudya madzi amodzimodziwo anthu oponderezedwa—malingaliro onsewa anandipweteka ngati dzino loŵaŵa, ndipo munthu wamkulu wolumala ameneyu anandikwiyitsa.”
Mu hotelo ya Moscow, kumene a Repin anakhala mu December 1909, pa tsiku loyamba la Khirisimasi, Nordman anatambasula manja ake kwa onse oyenda pansi, onyamula katundu, anyamata ndikuwayamikira pa Tchuthi Chachikulu. "Tsiku la Khrisimasi, ndipo mabwana adadzitengera okha. Ndi chakudya cham'mawa, tiyi, nkhomaliro, kukwera, maulendo, chakudya chamadzulo. Ndi vinyo wochuluka bwanji - nkhalango zonse za mabotolo pamatebulo. Nanga bwanji iwo? <...> Ndife aluntha, njonda, tili tokha - pozungulira ife pali mamiliyoni a miyoyo ya anthu ena. <...> Kodi sizowopsa kuti atsala pang'ono kuthyola unyolo ndi kutisefukira ndi mdima wawo, umbuli ndi vodka.
Malingaliro otere samachoka ku NB Nordman ngakhale ku Yasnaya Polyana. "Chilichonse pano ndi chosavuta, koma osati chongoyerekeza, monga mwini malo. <...> Zimamveka kuti nyumba ziwiri zopanda kanthu zilibe chitetezo pakati pa nkhalango <...> Mu usiku wamdima wamdima, kuwala kwa moto kumalota, kuopsa kwa kuukiridwa ndi kugonjetsedwa, ndi amene akudziwa zoopsa ndi mantha. Ndipo wina amaona kuti posakhalitsa mphamvu yaikuluyo idzalanda, kusesa chikhalidwe chonse chakale ndikukonza chirichonse mwa njira yakeyake, m'njira yatsopano. Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, kachiwiri ku Yasnaya Polyana: "LN masamba, ndipo ndimapita kokayenda ndi IE, ndikufunikabe kupuma mpweya waku Russia" (ndisanabwerere ku" Finnish "Kuokkala). Mudzi ukuwoneka patali:
“Koma ku Finland moyo udakali wosiyana kotheratu ndi ku Russia,” ndikutero. "Russia yonse ili m'malo osungiramo malo, komwe kuli malo apamwamba, nyumba zobiriwira, mapichesi ndi maluwa ophuka, laibulale, malo ogulitsa mankhwala apanyumba, paki, malo osambiramo, ndi kuzungulira pano ndi mdima wakale. , umphawi ndi kusowa kwa ufulu. Tili ndi anansi athu osauka ku Kuokkala, koma mwa njira yawoyawo ndi olemera kuposa ife. Ng'ombe bwanji, akavalo! Ndi malo angati, omwe ndi amtengo wapatali pafupifupi ma ruble 3. kuzindikira. Ndi ma dacha angati aliyense. Ndipo dacha pachaka amapereka 400, 500 rubles. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhalanso ndi ndalama zabwino - kudzaza madzi oundana, kupereka ma ruffs ndi burbots ku St. Aliyense wa anansi athu amakhala ndi ndalama zokwana masauzande angapo pachaka, ndipo unansi wathu ndi iye ndi wofanana kotheratu. Kodi Russia ili kuti zisanachitike izi?!
Ndipo zimayamba kuwoneka kwa ine kuti Russia ili panthawiyi mumtundu wina wa interregnum: yakale ikufa, ndipo chatsopano sichinabadwe. Ndipo ndimamumvera chisoni ndipo ndikufuna kumusiya mwamsanga.
I. Malingaliro a Perper oti adzipereke kwathunthu ku kufalitsa malingaliro a zamasamba NB Nordman anakana. Ntchito yolemba mabuku ndi mafunso a “kumasulidwa kwa akapolo” zinkawoneka kwa iye kukhala zofunika kwambiri ndi kumloŵetsa m’maganizo mwake kotheratu; adamenyera njira zatsopano zolankhulirana; antchito, mwachitsanzo, amayenera kukhala patebulo ndi eni ake - izi zinali, malinga ndi iye, ndi VG Chertkov. Ogulitsa mabuku anazengereza kugulitsa kabuku kake ponena za mmene antchito apakhomo analili; koma anapeza njira yothetsera vutoli mwa kugwiritsira ntchito maenvulopu osindikizidwa mwapadera okhala ndi mawu akuti: “Antchito ayenera kumasulidwa. Kapepala ka NB Nordman”, ndipo pansi: “Osapha. VI lamulo” (odwala. 8).
Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Nordman asanamwalire, "Appeal to a Russian Intelligent Woman" inasindikizidwa mu VO, momwe iye, polimbikitsanso kumasulidwa kwa antchito achikazi mamiliyoni atatu omwe analipo panthawiyo ku Russia, adapempha kuti alembe "Charter of the Society for the Chitetezo cha Mphamvu Zokakamiza ". Tchatichi chinalemba zofunikira izi: maola ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, mapulogalamu a maphunziro, bungwe laothandizira oyendera, kutsatira chitsanzo cha America, nyumba zosiyana kuti athe kukhala paokha. Unayenera kulinganiza m’nyumba zimenezi masukulu ophunzitsa homuweki, nkhani, zosangulutsa, maseŵera ndi malaibulale, limodzinso ndi “ndalama zothandizirana pamene akudwala, ulova ndi ukalamba.” Nordman ankafuna kukhazikitsa "gulu" latsopanoli pa mfundo yokhazikitsira maboma ndi mgwirizano. Kumapeto kwa apilo kunasindikizidwa mgwirizano womwewo womwe unagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "Penate" kwa zaka zingapo. Mgwirizanowu umapereka mwayi wokonzanso, mwa mgwirizano, maola a tsiku logwira ntchito, komanso ndalama zowonjezera kwa mlendo aliyense woyendera nyumba (10 kopecks!) Ndipo kwa maola owonjezera a ntchito. Ponena za chakudya kunanenedwa kuti: “M’nyumba mwathu mumalandira chakudya cham’mawa chamasamba ndi tiyi m’maŵa ndi chakudya chamasana chamasamba XNUMX koloko. Mutha kudya chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamasana, ngati mukufuna, nafe kapena padera.
Malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu adawonekeranso m'chizoloŵezi chake cha chinenero. Ndi mwamuna wake, iye anali pa "inu", popanda kupatula iye anati "comrade" kwa amuna, ndi "alongo" kwa akazi onse. "Pali china chake chogwirizanitsa mayina awa, ndikuwononga magawo onse opangira." M'nkhani Yathu Amayi-oyembekezera, yofalitsidwa m'chaka cha 1912, Nordman anateteza "adzakazi olemekezeka" - olamulira mu utumiki wa olemekezeka a ku Russia, nthawi zambiri ophunzira kwambiri kuposa owalemba ntchito; adalongosola za kuzunzidwa kwawo ndipo adawafunsa tsiku lantchito la maola asanu ndi atatu, komanso kuti atchulidwe ndi mayina awo oyambirira ndi a patronymic. “M’mene zinthu zilili panopa, kukhalapo kwa kapolo ameneyu m’nyumba kumawononga moyo wa mwanayo.”
Ponena za "olemba ntchito", Nordman adagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "ogwira ntchito" - mawu omwe amatsutsa maubwenzi enieni, koma palibe ndipo sadzakhalapo m'matanthauzira a Chirasha kwa nthawi yaitali. Ankafuna kuti amalonda omwe amagulitsa sitiroberi ndi zipatso zina m'chilimwe kuti asamutchule kuti "dona" komanso kuti amayiwa atetezedwe ku kugwiriridwa ndi ambuye awo (kulaks). Anakwiya chifukwa chakuti amalankhula za nyumba zolemera za khomo la "kutsogolo" komanso za "wakuda" - timawerenga za "chionetsero" ichi mu zolemba za KI Chukovsky za July 18/19, 1924. Pofotokoza ulendo wake. ndi Repin kwa wolemba II Yasinsky ("ngwazi zamasamba zamasiku ano"), amawona kuti amadya chakudya chamadzulo "popanda akapolo," ndiko kuti, opanda antchito.
Nordman ankakonda kutsiriza makalata ake nthawi zina mwanjira yampatuko, ndipo nthawi zina monyoza, "ndi moni wamasamba." Komanso, iye mosalekeza kusintha kwa kalembedwe chosavuta, analemba nkhani zake, komanso makalata ake, popanda zilembo "yat" ndi "er". Iye amatsatira kalembedwe katsopano ka m’Chipangano Chatsopano cha Paradaiso.
M'nkhani Patsiku la Dzina, Nordman akufotokoza momwe mwana wa anzake adalandira ngati mphatso yamtundu uliwonse wa zida ndi zidole zina zankhondo: "Vasya sanatizindikire. Lero adali mkulu wankhondo kunkhondo, ndipo chikhumbo chake chinali choti atiphe <…> Tidamuyang’ana ndi maso amtendere ngati osadya masamba” 70. Makolo amanyadira mwana wawo, amati amapita kukamgula. mfuti yaing'ono yamakina: ... ". Kwa izi, Nordman akuyankha kuti: "Ndicho chifukwa chake amapita, kuti musameze ma turnips ndi kabichi ...". Mkangano waufupi wolembedwa umamangidwa. Patapita chaka, Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse idzayamba.
NB Nordman anazindikira kuti zamasamba, ngati zikufuna kuzindikirika ndi anthu ambiri, ziyenera kufunafuna chithandizo cha sayansi ya zamankhwala. N’chifukwa chake anatenga masitepe oyambirira. Molimbikitsidwa, mwachiwonekere, ndi lingaliro la mgwirizano wa anthu odyetsera zamasamba pa First All-Russian Congress of Vegetarians, yomwe inachitikira ku Moscow kuyambira April 16 mpaka April 20, 1913 (cf. VII. 5 yy), achita chidwi ndi kulankhula kwake kopambana pa Marichi 24 ku Psychoneurological Institute Prof. VM Bekhtereva, mu kalata ya May 7, 1913, Nordman amalankhula ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wa minyewa komanso wolemba mnzake wa reflexology ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsa dipatimenti yazamasamba - ntchito yomwe inali yolimba mtima komanso yopita patsogolo pa nthawiyo:
"Wokondedwa Vladimir Mikhailovich, <...> Monga kamodzi, pachabe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito, nthunzi inafalikira padziko lapansi ndipo magetsi adawala, choncho lero zamasamba zimathamanga padziko lapansi mumlengalenga, ngati mphamvu yochiritsa ya chilengedwe. Ndipo imathamanga ndi kusuntha. Choyamba, chifukwa tsiku lililonse chikumbumtima chimadzutsa anthu ndipo, mogwirizana ndi izi, malingaliro akupha akusintha. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha kudya nyama nawonso akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mitengo ya nyama ikukwera.
Gwirani zamasamba ndi nyanga posachedwa, ndikubwezerani, fufuzani mosamala kudzera pa maikulosikopu, ndipo pomaliza lengezani mokweza kuchokera paguwa ngati nkhani yabwino yaumoyo, chisangalalo ndi chuma !!!
Aliyense akuwona kufunikira kwa kafukufuku wozama wasayansi pankhaniyi. Ife tonse amene timagwada pamaso pa mphamvu zanu zosefukira, malingaliro owala ndi mtima wokoma mtima, timayang'ana pa inu ndi chiyembekezo ndi chiyembekezo. Ndinu nokha ku Russia amene mungakhale woyambitsa komanso woyambitsa dipatimenti yazamasamba.
Mlanduwo ukangodutsa m'makoma a Institute of Magical Institute, kukayikira, kunyozedwa ndi kukhudzidwa mtima zidzatha nthawi yomweyo. Adzakazi akale, aphunzitsi akunyumba ndi alaliki adzabwerera kwawo mofatsa.
M'zaka zochepa, Institute ibalalika pakati pa unyinji wa madokotala achichepere, okhazikika m'chidziwitso ndi luso. Ndipo ife tonse ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo idzakudalitsani !!!
Ndikukulemekezani kwambiri Natalia Nordman-Severova.
VM Bekhterev adayankha kalatayi pa Meyi 12 m'kalata yopita kwa IE Repin:
"Wokondedwa Ilya Efimovich, Kuposa moni wina uliwonse, ndinakondwera ndi kalata yomwe ndinalandira kuchokera kwa inu ndi Natalya Borisovna. Malingaliro a Natalya Borisovna ndi anu, ndikuyamba kulingalira. Sindikudziwabe chomwe chidzatsikire, koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chitukuko cha maganizo chidzayamba.
Ndiye, wokondedwa Ilya Efimovich, mumandikhudza ndi chidwi chanu. <...> Koma ndikupempha chilolezo kuti ndikhale nanu pakapita nthawi, mwina sabata imodzi, ziwiri kapena zitatu, chifukwa tsopano ife, kapena ine, tikutsamwitsidwa ndi mayeso. Ndikangomasuka, ndidzakuthamangira pa mapiko achisangalalo. Moni wanga kwa Natalya Borisovna.
Wanu mokhulupirika, V. Bekhterev.”
Natalia Borisovna anayankha kalata iyi kuchokera ku Bekhterev pa May 17, 1913 - malinga ndi chikhalidwe chake, chinakwezeka, koma nthawi yomweyo osati popanda kudzikonda:
Wokondedwa Vladimir Mikhailovich, Kalata yanu yopita kwa Ilya Efimovich, yodzaza ndi mzimu wakuchitapo kanthu komanso mphamvu, idandiyika mu malingaliro a Akim ndi Anna: Ndikuwona mwana wanga wokondedwa, lingaliro langa m'manja mwa makolo ofatsa, ndikuwona kukula kwake kwamtsogolo, mphamvu, ndipo tsopano ndikhoza kufa mumtendere kapena kukhala mwamtendere. Zonse [kulemba NBN!] maphunziro anga amamangidwa ndi zingwe ndikutumizidwa kuchipinda chapamwamba. Ntchito zamanja zidzasinthidwa ndi nthaka yasayansi, ma laboratories ayamba kugwira ntchito, dipatimentiyo idzalankhula <...> zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti ngakhale kuchokera kumalingaliro othandiza, kufunikira kwa madokotala achichepere kuti aphunzire zomwe zakula kale kukhala machitidwe athunthu mu Kumadzulo kwayamba kale: mafunde akuluakulu omwe ali ndi alaliki awo, zipatala zawo ndi makumi zikwi za otsatira. Ndiloleni ine, mbuli, kuti nditambasule tsamba modzichepetsa ndi maloto anga amasamba <…>.
Nali "tsamba" ili - chojambula cholemba zovuta zingapo zomwe zitha kukhala mutu wa "dipatimenti yazamasamba":
Dipatimenti ya Vegetarianism
1). Mbiri ya zamasamba.
2). Vegetarianism monga chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe abwino.
Mphamvu ya zamasamba pa thupi la munthu: mtima, gland, chiwindi, chimbudzi, impso, minofu, mitsempha, mafupa. Ndi kapangidwe ka magazi. / Kafukufuku woyeserera ndi kafukufuku wa labotale.
Chikoka cha zamasamba pa psyche: kukumbukira, chidwi, luso ntchito, khalidwe, maganizo, chikondi, udani, mkwiyo, chifuniro, chipiriro.
Zotsatira za chakudya chophika pathupi.
Za chikoka cha RAW FOOD PA ZAMODZI.
Zamasamba ngati njira yamoyo.
Vegetarianism ngati kupewa matenda.
Vegetarianism ngati wochiritsa matenda.
Chikoka cha zamasamba pa matenda: khansa, uchidakwa, matenda amisala, kunenepa kwambiri, neurasthenia, khunyu, etc.
Kuchiza ndi mphamvu zochiritsira zachilengedwe, zomwe ndizo chithandizo chachikulu cha zamasamba: kuwala, mpweya, dzuwa, kutikita minofu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, madzi ozizira ndi otentha m'magwiritsidwe ake onse.
Chithandizo cha Schroth.
Kusala kudya.
Chithandizo cha kutafuna (Horace Fletcher).
Chakudya chosaphika (Bircher-Benner).
Chithandizo cha TB malinga ndi njira zatsopano zamasamba (Carton).
Kufufuza Chiphunzitso cha Pascoe.
Malingaliro a Hindhede ndi dongosolo lake lazakudya.
Laman.
Kneip.
GLUNIKE [Glunicke]
HAIG ndi zowunikira zina zaku Europe ndi America.
Kuwona zida za sanatorium ku West.
Kuphunzira za zotsatira za zitsamba pa thupi la munthu.
Kukonzekera kwapadera mankhwala azitsamba.
Kusonkhanitsa wowerengeka ochiritsa mankhwala azitsamba.
Kafukufuku wasayansi wamankhwala owerengeka: chithandizo cha khansa ndi zotupa za khansa ya makungwa a birch, rheumatism ndi masamba a birch, masamba ndi horsetail, etc., etc., etc..
Kuphunzira mabuku akunja pa zamasamba.
Pa zomveka kukonzekera zakudya kusunga mchere mchere.
Maulendo apabizinesi a madotolo achichepere kunja kuti akaphunzire zamasiku ano pazamasamba.
Chipangizo cha magulu owuluka owulutsa maunyinji amalingaliro a zamasamba.
Mphamvu ya chakudya cha nyama: poizoni wa cadaveric.
Zokhudza kupatsirana [sic] matenda osiyanasiyana kupita kwa munthu kudzera mu chakudya cha nyama.
Pachikoka cha mkaka kuchokera kukhumudwa ng'ombe pa munthu.
Nervousness ndi zosayenera chimbudzi monga mwachindunji zotsatira za mkaka.
Kuwunika ndi kutsimikiza kwa zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana amasamba.
Za mbewu, zosavuta komanso zosasenda.
Za kufa pang'onopang'ono kwa mzimu monga chotsatira chachindunji chakupha ndi ziphe za cadaveric.
Za kuuka kwa moyo wauzimu posala kudya.
Ntchitoyi ikadakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti ku St. Petersburg, mwachiwonekere, dipatimenti yoyamba yazamasamba padziko lonse lapansi ikanakhazikitsidwa ...
Ziribe kanthu momwe Bekhterev adayambira "kukula kwa lingaliro [li]" - patatha chaka chimodzi, Nordman anali atamwalira kale ndipo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inali pafupi. Koma a Kumadzulo, nawonso, anayenera kuyembekezera mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX kuti afufuze mozama za zakudya zochokera ku zomera zomwe, poganizira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya zamasamba, zimayika mbali zachipatala patsogolo - njira yomwe Klaus Leitzmann ndi Andreas Hahn anagwiritsa ntchito. buku lawo kuchokera mndandanda wa yunivesite "Unitaschebücher".