Dzimbiri pa adyo: momwe mungamenyere, chithandizo

Pathogenic bowa ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda ambiri padziko lapansi. Spores amafalikira mosavuta kudzera m'mabzala ndi mpweya pang'ono wa mphepo. Akatswiri aulimi amadziwa njira zothana ndi dzimbiri pa adyo, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.

Dzimbiri nthawi zambiri limakhudza osati mitundu yonse ya adyo, komanso leeks, shallots, turnips

N'chifukwa chiyani adyo amachita dzimbiri?

Garlic ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zodziwika bwino zamasamba zomwe amalima wamaluwa. Zokolola zabwino zitha kupezeka ngati kulima kwa agrotechnical kumawonedwa ndipo zobzala zimathandizidwa munthawi yake kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Dzimbiri limene linagunda adyoyo ndi matenda osaonekera bwino omwe amatsogolera ku imfa ya adyoyo.

Nsomba za bowa zovulaza sizimafa nthawi yachisanu; amabisala mpaka masika m’mabwinja a zomera zakale. Ndi kuyamba kwa masiku otentha, matenda adamulowetsa. Zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuti dzimbiri ziwonjezeke pakabzala adyo ndi:

1. Chinyezi chachikulu chophatikizana ndi nyengo yozizira. Pa kutentha kochepa, spores zotengedwa ndi mphepo ndi madzi amvula zimagwera pa mphukira zazing'ono.
2. Munda wodetsedwa m'dzinja. Zotsalira za zomera ndi malo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a mycotic.
3. Kusatsata kasinthasintha wa mbeu.

Olima masamba odziwa bwino amadziwa kuti ngati muyika adyo ndi mbewu zina za banja la bulbous chaka ndi chaka m'dera lomwelo, dzimbiri lidzawonekera. Chifukwa chake malingaliro: sinthani malo ofikira zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Gwero la dzimbiri ndi anyezi osatha, kotero mabedi a adyo amayikidwa kutali ndi izo.

Zizindikiro za kuyambika kwa matendawa

Dzimbiri limawononga kwambiri mbewuyo. Matendawa amabweretsa kuphwanya kuyamwa kwa michere ndi michere, chifukwa chake adyo amasiya kukula, mikhalidwe yake ya kukoma imasintha kwambiri.

The asymptomatic nthawi dzimbiri matenda kumatenga masabata angapo. Poyamba, madontho oyera amawonekera. Matendawa akamakula, mawanga adzimbiri pamasamba a adyo amakhala oyamba kukopa maso. Mapangidwe achikasu, owoneka ngati oval - ma pustules amakhala ofiirira pakapita nthawi. Mawangawo amakula pang'onopang'ono, mapangidwe akunja amachepetsa njira ya photosynthesis. Bowa spores amakula mu pustules ndikupita kumadera ena a chomera.

Zotsatira

Mukakulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya adyo, zizindikiro za matenda zimawonekera pa tsinde. Nthenga zobiriwira zomwe zawonongeka zimayamba kuuma ndi kufa, zomwe zimapangitsa mutu kulephera kupanga. Mizu imawola. Chofooka zomera kupereka osauka yokolola, Komanso, alumali moyo wa mababu kwambiri yafupika.

M'magawo otsiriza a nyengo yakukula, mawanga pa mivi amakhala akuda. Ma spores mu pustules amafalikira kudera lonselo, kuwononga mbewu zina zamasamba ndi mabulosi.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba a adyo ali ndi dzimbiri

Kuteteza dzimbiri bwino kumafunikira kuzindikira msanga za matendawa poyang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi zobzala. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zimapezeka mosavuta pamivi, ngati muwapenda mosamala. Maonekedwe a madontho achikasu amasonyeza kufunika kwa njira zachipatala.

Mankhwala Kukonzekera dzimbiri pa adyo

Kubzala mankhwala kumayamba ndi kuchotsa kachilombo mivi. Pambuyo kukolola, nthenga za adyo, zophimbidwa ndi mawanga, ziyenera kutenthedwa. Pambuyo pochotsa mbali zodwala, ndikofunikira kuchiza mbewu ndi fungicides, gawo logwira ntchito lomwe ndi sulfure. Zina mwa zokonzekera zolimbana ndi dzimbiri pamasamba:

• topazi;
• Strobe;
• Quadris.

Njira zomaliza zomwe zatchulidwazi zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri azaulimi. Quadris akuwonetsa zotsatira zokhazikika pochiza dzimbiri. Wamaluwa amaona kuti mankhwala opha fungicides achikhalidwe ndi njira yabwino yokonzekera zobzala adyo:

• Fitosporin-M;
• Chabwino;
• Yaiwisi.

Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchotsa dzimbiri osati dzimbiri. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchiza matenda ena omwe si owopsa kwa mbewu zamunda - peronosporosis.

Zothandiza polimbana ndi bowa biological compounds. Alimi amalimbikitsa:

• Gamair;
• Alirin-B.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa fungicides wamba. Koma ndi okonda zachilengedwe, osawononga chilengedwe.

Dilution mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo Ufumuyo. Kuchiza mbande kuchokera ku dzimbiri kumachitika tsiku lomwe yankho logwira ntchito likukonzedwa. Ngati njira zanthawi yake zimatengedwa, mapangidwe a spores amasiya, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a adyo. Kukonzekera kwachiwiri kumakonzedwa mkati mwa sabata.

The Onion and Garlic Rescuer ili, kuwonjezera pa fungicide, insectoacaricide ndi chowongolera kukula.

Zithandizo za anthu

Zomwe zachitika zaka mazana ambiri zolima dimba zapangitsa kuti pakhale maphikidwe opangira mankhwala omwe ali othandiza polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Thandizo lodziwika bwino la anthu pochiza kubzala adyo ndi:

1. Ammonia kuchepetsedwa m'madzi, masamu ngati supuni pa 10 malita a madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa muzu kuti isawononge masamba. Njira ina ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa bwino masamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia kumalola, kuwonjezera pa chithandizo, kuchita feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
2. Tar sopo. Kuti mupeze yankho logwira ntchito, paketi ya grated ya sopo imasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi, oyambitsa bwino, ndipo mundawo umathiriridwa.
3. Zotupitsira powotcha makeke. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chapakhomo ndi chimodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa dzimbiri zamasamba. Kukonzekera yankho, kapu ya soda imachepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi. Kuthirira adyo ikuchitikanso pansi pa muzu.

Ngati matendawa awononga kwambiri zobzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux. Copper sulphate imachepetsa njira za pathological muzomera, motero, imachotsa kufalikira kwa spores kubzala kwa adyo ndi mabedi ena ndi masamba. Zizindikiro zazikulu za dzimbiri ndi momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda zikufotokozedwa muvidiyoyi:

Kupewa mankhwala a adyo ku dzimbiri

Muyeso waukulu polimbana ndi dzimbiri pa adyo ndikukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera. Pofuna kupewa matenda, ukadaulo waulimi umalimbikitsa:

1. M'dzinja, kuchita khalidwe kuyeretsa m'munda. Kuwonongeka kwa mabwinja a zomera zowola ndi kukumba mozama kwa mabedi kumathandiza kuthetsa fungal spores.
2. Njira yobzala zinthu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi bowa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotero kuti adyo cloves amaikidwa pa nsalu yoyera kapena pepala ndikusungidwa panja pamalo owala bwino.
3. Thirani zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kubzala ndi yankho la furacilin. Kukonzekera mankhwala, mapiritsi khumi a mankhwalawa amasungunuka m'madzi okhazikika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito 40% formalin solution kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pokonzekera inoculum. Ma cloves, otsukidwa ndi mankhusu owonjezera, amathiridwa ndi mankhwalawa ndikuyikidwa kwa mphindi khumi mu thumba lachinsalu. Kenako zonse zimayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikusungidwa kwa maola awiri. M'malo ovuta a mankhwala opanda mpweya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa.

Pofuna kuthana ndi dzimbiri, makulidwe otsetsereka siyenera kuloledwa. Kuchepa kwa mpweya wozungulira ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa bowa. Mtunda woyenera pakati pa mano mukabzala ndi 6 cm.

nyengo yozizira, musamwe madzi adyo madzulo, ndikupanga malo abwino kwa bowa

Kutsiliza

Njira zothana ndi dzimbiri pa adyo zitha kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda ndikusunga mbewu. Njira zopangira zobzala zimapezeka ngakhale kwa wamaluwa oyambira. Njira zodzitetezera zomwe zakonzedwa panthawi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri poteteza mbewu.