Red nyongolotsi mu adyo: ndi chiyani, momwe mungachotsere

Garlic ndi mbewu yamasamba yokhala ndi thioesters ndi allicin. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimapatsa babu kukoma kowawa kowawa kokhala ndi tinge yakuthwa. Koma, ngakhale kuti chomeracho chili ndi zinthu zoyaka, wamaluwa amadabwa kwambiri kupeza majeremusi muzamkati wowutsa mudyo. Nyongolotsi zofiira mu adyo zimawononga zobzala ndipo, kulowa m'mutu, kusandutsa fumbi.

Pali gulu lalikulu la tizilombo lomwe adyo ndi chakudya chachikulu.

Chifukwa chiyani mphutsi zimawonekera mu adyo

Akatswiri a zaulimi ali otsimikiza kuti mphutsi zofiira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawononga zomera zomwe zabzalidwa chifukwa chosatsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu komanso kusamalidwa kosayenera. Chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mabedi a masamba ndi zizindikiro za kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kubzala mbewu zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zamunda zoipitsidwa. Mafosholo, ma rake, zida zomasula zimasamutsa spores za mafangasi, mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi za tizirombo ta arthropod kuchokera ku zomera zowonongeka kupita ku zathanzi. Garlic nyongolotsi ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo tizilombo ta kubzala pa magawo osiyana zomera kapena posungira.

Zomwe mphutsi zimadya adyo

Nyongolotsi ndi tizirombo tina ta arthropod sizongowononga minyewa ya mbewu, komanso zimanyamula matenda. Kulimbana ndi matenda kumafuna nthawi komanso ndalama zambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, wamaluwa odziwa bwino akuyesera kuchotsa zobzala za mphutsi zofiira atangopeza. Kuchita bwino kwa miyeso kumadalira momwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadziwikira molondola komanso njira zokwanira zowonetsera izo zimasankhidwa.

Zomera za adyo ndi anyezi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri a tizilombo.

Anyezi chopukusira

Maonekedwe opanda vuto, njenjete zotuwa ndi tizirombo towopsa. Akazi a chopukusira cha anyezi amayikira mazira ambiri m'minda ya adyo. Anaonekera pinki-wofiira wandiweyani mbozi kudya mnofu wa cloves, zikubweretsa kuvunda ndi kuyanika kwa mababu.

Mpaka 30 anyezi chopukusira mbozi akhoza kukhala mutu wa adyo pa nthawi yomweyo

thrips

Tizilombo tating'ono ta bulauni kapena chikasu timayamwa madzi a zomera. Patangotha ​​​​masiku ochepa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tiyikira mazira, mphutsi zowopsya zimawonekera. Adyo amasiya kukula ndikufowoka, mitu sipanga, mbewu imatha kufa kwathunthu.

Thrips amapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira pansi pa mamba, mitu yodzala imavunda

Lukova amauluka

Kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, ntchentche ya anyezi, imakhala ndi mtundu wotuwa. Mphutsi zoyera za tizilombo zimawonekera kumapeto kwa masika. Malo othamangitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maziko a rosette ya masamba kapena nthaka pafupi ndi mutu. Chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mphutsi, mababu amafewetsa ndi kuvunda.

Ntchentche ya anyezi ndi yoopsa kwambiri pa adyo ndipo imapezeka paliponse.

Tsatirani adyo nematode

Nthenga za chikhalidwe cha m'mundamo zimakhala zachikasu ndipo zimafa pamene tsinde nematode ilowa. Mutapeza muzu wa adyo wonyezimira, mutha kuganiziranso tizirombo tating'ono. Pambuyo pake, mitu imakhala yotayirira ndikuwola.

Nematode - nyongolotsi yopyapyala yopyapyala yomwe imadya kuyamwa kwa mbewu

Anyezi njenjete

Anyezi njenjete mbozi ndi owopsa kubzala adyo. Zomera zachikasu zobiriwira zokhala ndi njerewere zofiirira zimakhazikika pamiviyo. Mawanga owala amapangika pamasamba owonongeka a mmerawo. Pamapeto pake, nthenga za adyo zimasanduka zachikasu ndikuuma, ndipo kuphwanya ndondomeko ya photosynthesis kumabweretsa kuti mitu sikukula ndikukhalabe yaying'ono.

Mawanga opepuka ndi mikwingwirima pamivi ya adyo ndi zotsatira za zochita za mbozi za anyezi.

Mukha-jurchalka

Tizilombo tokhala ngati mavu timaikira mazira m’mbali mwa masamba a mmerawo. Mphutsi zonyansa zachikasu, zofanana ndi mphutsi zamafuta, zimawononga mitu ya adyo. Chomera cha fungal kapena bakiteriya chimayamba mu mababu omwe akhudzidwa. M'nyengo yotentha, mibadwo iwiri ya tizilombo towononga tizilombo timawonekera.

Mphutsi za hoverfly ntchentche, kuwonjezera pa adyo, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza maluwa a m'munda.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali nyongolotsi mu adyo

Pankhani ya kudziwika kwa majeremusi pa mbewu za m'munda, m'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti awononge tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Folk azitsamba ndi zinthu opangidwa ndi makampani mankhwala zingathandize kuchotsa mphutsi mu adyo.

mankhwala

Ngati nyongolotsi idya adyo, ndi bwino kuchitira mabedi ndi mankhwala. Agrotechnicians amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ngati minda yopitilira 10% imakhudzidwa. Masitolo apadera amapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti amenyane ndi mphutsi zofiira. Popopera mbewu zamasamba, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Tagore, Malathion, Aktara, Calypso.

Mukhozanso kuchotsa adyo nematode pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Polimbana ndi ulusi, mankhwala otsatirawa ndi othandiza - Fitoverm ndi Akarin.

Pa gawo loyambirira la matenda, kubzala adyo kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pokolola, nthaka ya nyongolotsi imathiriridwa ndi formalin kapena hydrogen peroxide. Mlingo wa yankho ndi 1:25 (supuni ziwiri za chinthu pa ndowa ya madzi).

Zithandizo za anthu

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa polimbana ndi mphutsi zofiira ndi tizilombo tina amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka zambiri. Eni minda ndi alimi omwe amapanga zinthu zoteteza chilengedwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku maphikidwe a anthu.

Zina mwa njira zodziwika bwino zolimbana ndi nyongolotsi zofiira ndi mphutsi:

1. Fumbi la fodya ndi phulusa la nkhuni, lotengedwa mofanana. Kusakaniza kumakongoletsedwa ndi tsabola (wofiira kapena wakuda), kubzala kumathandizidwa.
2. Kulowetsedwa wa celandine kapena chowawa, anakonza zomera steamed ndi madzi otentha. Wothandizirayo amaumirizidwa kwa masiku awiri, amasefedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mankhwala pa mabedi.
3. Madzi amchere, omwe adyo amabzala akulimbikitsidwa kuthiriridwa kwa nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa June. Kubwezeretsanso mphutsi kumachitika pakatha milungu iwiri. Kukonzekera yankho logwira ntchito, kapu ya mchere wa tebulo imachepetsedwa mumtsuko wa madzi.
4. Garlic yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chopukusira anyezi iyenera kukonzedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, mpiru, boric acid kapena laimu. The youma nkhani ndi sprayed mwachindunji pa zomera.

Atapeza mphutsi zofiira mu adyo, amayamba kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi yomweyo. Ndizopanda phindu kupulumutsa zomera zowonongeka kwathunthu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kusunga zitsanzo zathanzi, mbali zamlengalenga zomwe zimawonekera ku nyongolotsi zofiira zimadulidwa mosamala, kuyesera kuti zisagwedeze tizirombo pa zomera zabwino. Zinthu zomwe zachotsedwa zimawotchedwa kutali ndi kabzala adyo.

Kupewa mawonekedwe

Kuonetsetsa njira zodzitetezera ku kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu za adyo ndi nyongolotsi zofiira ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo ndiye njira yayikulu yopezera zokolola zabwino. Agrotechnicians amawona kuti njira zosavuta zimathandizira kuchotsa zobzala tizirombo koyambirira:

1. Kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Ndikoyenera kubzala adyo m'madera omwe sanakulirepo. Ndi bwino kuswa mabedi ndi adyo kumene zukini, dzungu, kaloti ankalima.
2. Kuyang'ana mitu isanatsike. Nkhungu, madontho, kufewa kwa cloves kumasonyeza kufunika kotaya mababu.
3. Processing kubzala zakuthupi. Mbande zothiridwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala kapena zinthu zachilengedwe zimakula mwamphamvu, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku nyongolotsi zofiira ndi mphutsi za tizilombo.
4. Kuonetsetsa chisamaliro choyenera cha agrotechnical pazobzala. Chinyezi chapanthawi yake komanso chokwanira, feteleza, kumasula nthaka ndikuteteza koyenera kwa adyo ku mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal, insecticidal ndi acaricidal kukonzekera pofuna kupewa.
6. Kuphera tizilombo m'nthaka kawiri pachaka (m'chaka musanabzale ndi kugwa mutatha kukolola). Copper sulphate, potaziyamu permanganate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kuzindikira kwa nthawi yake kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatheka pokhapokha poyang'anitsitsa zobzala ndikuyang'anira momwe mabedi amakhalira. Kusintha kulikonse kumasonyeza kuti malowa adagwidwa ndi mphutsi zofiira kapena kutenga matenda. Njira zazikulu zopewera ndi kuwongolera tizirombo ta adyo zikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi:

Kutsiliza

Nyongolotsi zofiira mu adyo ndi mliri womwe mutha kuwuchotsa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso njira za agrotechnical, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi machiritso ovomerezeka. Kupewera kokonzedwa bwino komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake cha kubzala mbewu kuchokera ku tiziromboti ndi chitsimikizo cha zokolola zabwino.