Kufotokozera
Mchere ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri cha m'nyanja chomwe chinapangidwa ndi chilengedwe, chomwe chasungidwa m'matumbo a dziko lapansi m'mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, pokhalapo kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, popanda kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu za ntchito za anthu ndi zina zamakono.
Magwero ofikirika kwambiri komanso olemera kwambiri azomwe amafufuza ndi mchere wamchere komanso momwe amapangira mchere wamiyala. Zosungidwazo zidapangidwa ngati mchere wa halite womwe umakhala ndi NaCl (sodium chloride) ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, zomwe zimawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi "imvi".
NaCl ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka m'magazi amunthu. Mu mankhwala, 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "saline solution".
Sodium chloride, wodziwika bwino kwa ife monga mchere, ndikofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito. Mchere wa patebulo ndi gawo lomanga thupi lathu, monga madzi.
Zimakhudzidwa ndi njira zambiri zamagetsi m'thupi. Mchere sumapangidwa ndi thupi lathu ndipo umachokera kunja. Thupi lathu limakhala ndi pafupifupi 150-300 magalamu amchere, ena mwa iwo amatulutsidwa tsiku lililonse komanso momwe amachotsera.
Kuti mubwezeretse mchere, kutayika kwa mchere kuyenera kudzazidwanso, tsiku lililonse ndi magalamu 4-10, kutengera mawonekedwe amunthu. Mwachitsanzo, ndikutuluka thukuta (mukamasewera masewera, kutentha), kuchuluka kwa mchere kuyenera kuchulukitsidwa, komanso matenda ena (kutsegula m'mimba, malungo, ndi zina zambiri).
Msuzi wamchere
Ubwino wa mchere
Kuperewera kwa mchere m'thupi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa: kukonzanso kwama cell kumaimitsa ndipo kukula kwawo kumakhala kochepa, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kufa kwa khungu. Kukoma kwamchere kumayambitsa mate, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pakudya chakudya.
Kuphatikiza pa malovu, sodium ndi klorini zimapezekanso m'madzi a pancreatic, bile ndipo amatenga nawo gawo pamagawo osiyanasiyana. Sodium amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe chakudya, ndi chlorine, mu mawonekedwe a hydrochloric acid, Iyamba Kuthamanga chimbudzi cha mapuloteni.
Kuphatikiza apo, sodium chloride imathandizira kagayidwe kazitsulo mkati mwa maselo. Mchere umayendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi amthupi, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi ndi ma lymph zitheke, komanso kuchotsa mpweya woipa. Mchere ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kukwera kwake kumadzudzulidwa ndi mchere.
Ngakhale ntchito yofunikira ya sodium chloride m'thupi lathu, ilinso ndi zovuta. Mchere ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kukwera kwake kumadzetsa mlandu pa mchere. Mchere wambiri umayikidwa m'mfundo, mu impso. Kuchuluka mchere zili m'magazi kumathandiza kuti chitukuko cha atherosclerosis.
Migodi yamchere
Makampaniwa amapanga mchere wa patebulo, chabwino, crystalline, wophika, wapansi, wolimba, wosweka, ndi tirigu. Pamwamba pamchere wamchere, mumakhala mchere wochuluka kwambiri wa sodium komanso zinthu zosasungunuka ndi madzi. Mwachilengedwe, mchere wodya bwino umakonda kwambiri kuposa mchere wambiri.
Koma mchere wamtundu uliwonse sayenera kukhala ndi zodetsa zakunja zowoneka ndi diso, ndipo kulawa kuyenera kukhala mchere wokha, wopanda kuwawa ndi kuwawa. Mchere wamchere ndi umodzi mwamchere wabwino kwambiri womwe umakhala ndi mchere wambiri. Ngati mumasamala zaumoyo wanu, ndiye kuti muyenera kudya mtundu uwu. Mchere wachilengedwe wopanda mchere - wolemera ayodini, sulfure, chitsulo, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina zofufuza.
Palinso mchere wamtundu wina monga zakudya. Ili ndi sodium yocheperako, koma yowonjezera magnesium ndi potaziyamu, zomwe ndizofunikira pakugwira kwathunthu kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Mchere wowonjezera ndi mtundu "wamakani" wamchere, chifukwa ulibe china chilichonse kupatula sodium chloride yoyera. Zinthu zina zonse zowunikira zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kusanduka kwamadzi kuchokera pakatsuka ndi soda.
Mchere wokhala ndi ayodini
Mchere wokhazikika uyenera kukambirana padera. Palibe madera ku Russia komwe anthu sangakhale pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda akusowa kwa ayodini. Dera la Chelyabinsk ndi dera lokhalo (dera lokhala ndi ayodini wambiri m'nthaka, madzi, chakudya cham'deralo).
Kwa zaka khumi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa kwa ayodini. Masiku ano, njira yodalirika komanso yosavuta yotetezera kusowa kwa ayodini ndikutsitsa mchere wa patebulo. Ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndikuti pafupifupi anthu onse amadya mchere chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mchere ndi chinthu chotchipa chomwe chimapezeka m'magulu onse a anthu.
Kupeza mchere wokhala ndi ayodini ndikosavuta: onjezerani potaziyamu iodide ku mchere wamba wamba. Ndikasungidwa, ayodini m'mchere wa ayodini amachepa pang'onopang'ono. Alumali moyo wa mcherewu ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, imasandulika mchere wapa tebulo wamba. Sungani mchere wa ayodini pamalo ouma komanso mu chidebe chatsekedwa mwamphamvu.
History
Malawi a moto adaunikira chitseko cha phangalo, miyala ndi nthambi za mitengo zomwe zidali pamwamba pake. Anthu anali atakhala mozungulira moto. Matupi awo anali okutidwa ndi zikopa za nyama. Mauta, mivi yakuthwa mwala ndi nkhwangwa zamiyala zinali pafupi ndi amunawo. Anawo anatolera nthambi n kuziponya pamoto. Azimayiwo adazinga nyama yomwe yangozikidwa kumene pamoto, ndipo amunawo, atatopa ndi kusaka, adadya nyama yophika iyi theka, owazidwa ndi phulusa, ndimakala am'mamatira.
Anthu anali asanadziwe mchere, ndipo ankakonda phulusa, lomwe limapatsa nyamayo kukoma, mchere wamchere.
Anthu panthawiyo anali asanadziwe momwe angapangire moto: unabwera kwa iwo mwangozi kuchokera mumtengo woyatsidwa ndi mphezi kapena kuchokera kuphiri lotentha laphiri. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, adaphunzira kusungira zoyaka, zotentha ndi mafani, adaphunzira kukazinga nyama poimata pamtengo ndikuiyika pamoto. Kunapezeka kuti nyama sichiwonongeka msanga ngati yaumitsidwa pamoto, ndipo imatha nthawi yayitali ikapachikidwa mu utsi kwakanthawi.
Kupezeka kwa mchere ndi kuyamba kwake kugwiritsidwa ntchito inali nthawi yofunikira kwambiri monga kudziwana ndi munthu zaulimi. Pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndikutulutsa mchere, anthu adaphunzira kutola tirigu, kubzala minda ndikukolola mbewu zoyamba…
Ofukula apeza kuti migodi yakale yamchere idalipo m'mizinda ya Asilavo m'dziko la Galicia komanso ku Armenia. Pano, pamalonda akale, sikuti nyundo zamiyala, nkhwangwa ndi zida zina zidakalipobe mpaka pano, komanso zogwirizira zamatabwa za migodi komanso matumba achikopa, momwe mchere udanyamulidwira zaka 4-5 zikwi zapitazo. Zonsezi zinali zodzaza ndi mchere motero zitha kukhalabe mpaka pano.
Pogonjetsa mzinda, dziko, anthu, Aroma adaletsa asirikali, poopa kufa, kuti agulitse mchere, zida, mwala ndi tirigu kwa mdani wogonjetsedwayo.
Kunali mchere wochepa kwambiri ku Europe kwakuti ogwira ntchito amchere anali kulemekezedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo amatchedwa "obadwa olemekezeka", ndipo kupanga mchere kumawerengedwa kuti ndi "chinthu choyera"
"Mchere" amatcha kulipira kwa asirikali aku Roma, ndipo kuchokera apa padabwera dzina la ndalama yaying'ono: ku Italy "soldi", ku France "olimba" ndi liwu lachifalansa "saler" - "malipiro"
Mu 1318, a King Philip V adakhazikitsa msonkho wamchere m'mizinda khumi ndi iwiri yayikulu ku France. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ankaloledwa kugula mchere m'mabogi a boma pamtengo wokwera. Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi am'nyanja poopsezedwa kuti apatsidwa chindapusa. Anthu okhala m'malo amchere analetsedwa kusonkhanitsa mchere ndi mchere.