Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za nkhupakupa kuluma mwa anthu, chochita?

Nthata zoyamwa magazi - zonyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda toyambitsa matenda ena oopsa kwa anthu. Matenda odziwika kwambiri a gulu ili ku Russia ndi encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Komanso owopsa ndi borreliosis (matenda a Lyme), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis ndi matenda ena angapo opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa.

! Chaka chilichonse, anthu a ku Russia okwana 400 amapita ku zipatala kuti akalumidwe ndi nkhupakupa, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a ozunzidwa ndi ana osakwana zaka 14. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi nkhupakupa zingati zomwe nzika za dziko lathu zimalandira pa maulendo akunja.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zokoka chimalembetsedwa m'maboma a federal ku Siberia, Volga ndi Ural, ochepera - kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Caucasus.

Kuukira kwa nkhupakupa yodziwika ndi seasonality. Kuluma koyamba - koyambirira kwa kasupe wokhala ndi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pamwamba pa 0,3⁰C, yomaliza - yophukira kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa kulumidwa ndi nthawi kuyambira pakati pa masika mpaka theka loyamba la chilimwe.

Nkhupakupa zimatha kunyamula chimodzi, ndipo nthawi zina mitundu ingapo ya ma virus ndi ma virus nthawi imodzi. Choncho, chonyamulira cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mono-chonyamulira, ndipo awiri kapena kuposa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chonyamulira osakaniza. M'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, nkhupakupa zimanyamula:

• mono-infections - mu 10-20% ya milandu;

• matenda osakanikirana - mu 7-15% ya milandu.

Kodi nkhupakupa imawoneka bwanji?

Nkhupakupa imamangiriridwa ku thupi la munthu mothandizidwa ndi hypostome. Mphukira yosasinthika iyi imagwira ntchito za chiwalo chomverera, cholumikizira ndi kuyamwa magazi. Malo omwe nkhupakupa imamatira kwa munthu kuchokera pansi kupita mmwamba:

• dera la groin;

• pamimba ndi m'munsi kumbuyo;

• chifuwa, m'khwapa, khosi;

• khutu dera.

Pa kulumidwa, pansi pa zochita za nkhupakupa malovu ndi microtrauma, kutupa ndi m`deralo thupi lawo siligwirizana amayamba pakhungu. Malo oyamwa alibe ululu, amawonekera ndi reddening ya mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Malo omwe nkhupakupa zimaluma mu matenda a Lyme (borreliosis) amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe - mwa mawonekedwe a patchy erythema, omwe amakula mpaka 10-20 cm mulifupi (nthawi zina mpaka 60 cm). Maonekedwe a malowa ndi ozungulira, oval, nthawi zina osasinthasintha. Patapita nthawi, malire okwera akunja ofiira kwambiri amapangika m'mbali mwake. Pakati pa erythema amakhala cyanotic kapena woyera. Tsiku lotsatira, malowa amawoneka ngati donut, kutumphuka ndi chilonda zimapangidwa. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, chilondacho chimatha popanda kufufuza.

Vidiyo: kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, chochita? Chisamaliro Chachangu:

Thandizo loyamba pakuluma nkhupakupa

Wozunzidwayo ayenera kuthandizidwa kuchotsa nkhupakupa, kuyiyika mu chidebe chomata ndikusaina chizindikiro chotsatira chitsanzo cha biomaterial.

Kuyamwa kwa nkhupakupa kumapangitsa kuti thupi lisamavutike, nthawi zina limakhala ngati edema ya Quincke.

Zizindikiro za edema ya Quincke zimayamba mkati mwa mphindi kapena maola angapo mwa mawonekedwe a:

• kutupa kwa zikope, milomo ndi mbali zina za nkhope;

• kupweteka kwa minofu;

• kupuma kovuta.

Ichi ndi chiwonetsero chowopsa kwambiri cha ziwengo, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo ndikuyesa kuthandiza wozunzidwayo madotolo asanafike.

Kunyumba, mutha kuchita izi:

• perekani imodzi mwa antihistamines;

• kupereka mpweya wabwino;

Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda zotheka ikuchitika m'mabungwe azachipatala.

Kodi mungapite kuti kukalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa?

M'pofunika kuchita zotsatirazi algorithm zochita:

1. chotsani nkhupakupa yokakamira;

2. tengerani ku labotale yovomerezeka kuti PCR idziwe kuti ali ndi matenda (onani m'munsimu adilesiyi);

3. perekani magazi (ngati kuli kofunikira) kuti muwone ma antibodies ku ELISA mu seramu yamunthu (zambiri pansipa).

4. kulandila chithandizo molingana ndi zotsatira za mayeso a labotale komanso zisonyezo zachipatala.

1. Chotsani nkhupakupa

Kuyamwa kwa nkhupakupa kumachitika pambuyo pokonza pathupi la munthu. Izi zimatenga mphindi zingapo mpaka maola angapo. Kuyamwa kwa magazi kumatenga maola awiri mpaka masiku angapo. Kuyamwa sikuwoneka kwa anthu, ndipo nkhupakupa yomwe yaledzera kale ndi magazi imakhala yozungulira komanso imvi.

Nkhupakupa yoyamwa iyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu, koma mosamala kwambiri! M`pofunika kuteteza mimba yake kuwonongeka ndi kutayikira hemolymph ndi magazi a anthu. Manja ndi bala lomwe lalumidwa liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira yokhala ndi mowa (vodka, mowa wa ayodini kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira).

Kuchotsa nkhupakupa ndi njira zotsogola:

1. Ponyani ulusi mu mawonekedwe a kuzungulira kuzungulira proboscis (pafupi ndi khungu), kumangitsa ndikuchikoka pang'onopang'ono ndikusuntha. M'malo mwa ulusi, mungagwiritse ntchito misomali, machesi awiri ndi zinthu zina zoyenera.

2. Ikani nkhupakupa mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki, kumanga khosi.

3. Sainani chizindikiro cha phukusili (onetsani tsiku, nthawi, malo odziwika, dzina lathunthu la munthu yemwe adachotsa nkhupakupa, olumikizana nawo kuti adziwe zambiri za matenda a nkhupakupa).

Kuchotsa nkhupakupa ndi chida chapadera:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zachipatala (manicure) kapena zida (Tick Twister, Tick Nipper, Pro tick remedy, Trix, Tricked off, ena);

2. Ikani nkhupakupa mu chidebe chopanda mpweya (mwachitsanzo, botolo la mankhwala);

3. Sainani chizindikiro pa chidebecho (onani pamwambapa).

2. Tengani chizindikirocho ku labotale yovomerezeka

Kusanthula kumachitika kwaulere, koma ndikofunikira kumveketsa bwino izi. PCR kuphunzira kutengera okonzeka zopangidwa zida zodziwira AmpliSens TBEV (encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), distribuerar InterLabService LLC. Tiyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe zotsatira zidzakonzeka. Nthawi zambiri tsiku lomwelo kapena m'mawa wotsatira.

3. Perekani magazi kuti muzindikire ma antibodies

Pasanathe masiku 10 kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala, nthawi zina m'pofunika kupereka magazi kuti azindikire ma antibodies mwa anthu ku matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa. Pazidziwitso, njira yoyesera "VektoVKE -IgG-strip" JSC "Vector-Best" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yowunikira: 2 hours 30 minutes.

4. Chitani immunotherapy monga momwe dokotala akufunira

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku pa nkhupakupa ndi PCR ndi / kapena magazi seramu ELISA, malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala, enieni immunotherapy ikuchitika.

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa immunoglobulin yamunthu motsutsana ndi encephalitis yonyamula nkhupakupa kumalipidwa!

• Gamma globulin imaperekedwa kwaulere kwa magulu ena a nzika komanso malinga ndi ndondomeko ya VHI pansi pa ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha matenda a encephalitis (onetsetsani kuti mukulankhulana ndi chipatala chomwe chatchulidwa mu mgwirizanowu pasanathe masiku 4 mutaluma).

Nthawi yomwe chithandizo chamankhwala chimatheka, nthawi, kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe a globulin kuyenera kupezeka kuchokera kwa dokotala. Adilesi ya nsonga ya chithandizo chamankhwala cha encephalitis ikuwonetsedwa:

• mu ndondomeko za DMS;

• pa choyimilira mu labotale.

Kupewa kuluma ndi malangizo ena

Kuthekera kwa nkhupakupa pa munthu kumadalira:

• bwino epidemiological m'dera limene mukukhala;

• ntchito yokhudzana ndi kukhala pafupipafupi m'nkhalango, kumunda;

• mwayi wokayendera malo omwe sali bwino pankhani ya matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa.

Kupewa zotsatira zobwera chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kumatengera izi:

• katemera, koma izi ndi njira zodzitetezera; pamene munthu ali ndi kachilombo, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito;

• immunotherapy yeniyeni ndi njira yochizira (makonzedwe a immunoglobulin pokhapokha ngati ali ndi matenda kapena akukayikira kuti ali ndi matenda atatha kulumidwa);

• inshuwaransi yaumoyo kulipira chithandizo chotheka;

• kugwiritsa ntchito zovala ndi zipangizo zapadera zotetezera nkhupakupa kuti zisalowe m'thupi;

• kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa, kuwononga nkhupakupa;

• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa mu biotopes, malo omwe anthu angakhalemo.

Malangizo posankha katemera

Katemera kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, zikusonyezedwa kwa anthu onse okhala m'madera ovutika, ndi anthu mwaukadaulo kugwirizana ndi nkhalango (obowola, akatswiri a miyala, ofufuza, nkhalango). Ngati n'koyenera, katemera angaperekedwe kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi, pakalibe contraindications.

Pulayimale katemera n`zotheka kuyambira chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana, ndiyeno pa m`badwo uliwonse. Akuluakulu amatha kulandira katemera wamankhwala apakhomo komanso ochokera kunja, ana amakhala bwino ndi omwe amatumizidwa kunja. Ku Russia, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya katemera ikupezeka kuchokera kwa opanga anayi ochokera ku Russia, Germany ndi Switzerland.

Katemera wa encephalitis wopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa wopangidwa ku Russia:

• The anaikira inactivated katemera akusonyeza ntchito kuyambira zaka zitatu ndi kupitirira;

• Encevir (EnceVir), Russia, yowonetsedwa kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi kupitilira apo.

Katemera wolimbana ndi nkhupakupa wopangidwa ku Switzerland:

• FSME-Immun Junior (FSME-Immun Junior), yowonetsedwa kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi;

• Injecting ya FSM-Immun (FSME-Immun Inject), zizindikiro ndizofanana.

Katemera wolimbana ndi nkhupakupa wopangidwa ku Germany:

• Ana a Encepur, owonetsedwa kuyambira miyezi khumi ndi iwiri mpaka zaka khumi ndi chimodzi;

• Encepur wamkulu (Encepur wamkulu), wowonetsedwa kuyambira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndi kupitilira apo.

Njira ziwiri za katemera: prophylactic ndi emergency:

• Katemera woteteza amateteza nkhupakupa m'chaka choyamba, ndipo pambuyo pa revaccination - mkati mwa zaka zitatu. Re-katemera ikuchitika zaka zitatu zilizonse.

• Katemera wadzidzidzi amapereka chitetezo chachifupi. Chizindikiro - maulendo ofulumira kupita kumadera omwe sali bwino chifukwa cha encephalitis.

Katemera ikuchitika pambuyo koyambirira kafukufuku wa wodwalayo thupi lawo siligwirizana, matenda kufufuza, thermometry. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda saloledwa kulandira katemera. Pali contraindications ndi zoletsa.

Ku Russia, "Human Immunoglobulin Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis", yopangidwa ndi FSUE NPO "Microgen", imapangidwa. Mankhwalawa ali ndi ma antibodies okonzeka opangira ma virus encephalitis. Iwo kutumikiridwa intramuscularly cholinga cha mankhwala, kawirikawiri pambuyo matenda kapena pangozi matenda. Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe atha kupezeka kwa dokotala.

Malangizo a inshuwaransi pamitengo yokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matenda a encephalitis opangidwa ndi nkhupakupa

Iwo m'pofunika amalangiza inshuwalansi monga kuwonjezera pa katemera kapena muyeso yekha ngati zosatheka katemera. Inshuwaransi yolimbana ndi encephalitis yopangidwa ndi nkhupakupa imachitika ngati gawo la VHI - inshuwaransi yachipatala yodzifunira. Ndalamazo zimaperekedwa kuti zipereke ndalama zochizira matenda obwera chifukwa cha nkhupakupa komanso matenda ena ofanana nawo. Posankha pulogalamu ya inshuwaransi ndi kampani ya inshuwaransi, muyenera kulabadira izi:

• kupezeka kwa zilolezo za kuphedwa kwa VHI ndi omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi;

• mtengo wa ntchito za VHI ndi mbiri ya inshuwaransi;

• kupezeka kwa zikalata za ufulu wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chitetezo kapena mgwirizano ndi munthu wololedwa kupereka chithandizo choterocho m'malo mwa inshuwalansi;

• Kupezeka kwa foni yaulere ya maola XNUMX pamalangizo azadzidzidzi.

Malangizo opewera nkhupakupa

Kupita kunkhalango kapena kunja kwa tawuni, sankhani zovala zoyenera zamitundu yowala:

• anti-encephalitis suti;

• jekete (shati) yokhala ndi manja aatali ndi ma cuffs ndi thalauza atalowetsedwa mu masokosi;

• hood yomwe imakwanira bwino kumutu ndikuteteza khosi.

Ola lililonse muyenera kuyang'ana zovala kuchokera pansi mpaka nkhupakupa. Ndi bwino kuyendera thupi maola awiri aliwonse, makamaka m`khwapa, khosi, groin, chifuwa ndi mutu. Ndikoyenera kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kukhala mu udzu wautali m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'njira.

Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagulitsidwa pofuna kupewa nkhupakupa kuti zisalowe m'thupi monga maukonde ophera tizilombo, nsapato zapadera, zovala, ndi zina zotero.

Acaricides (kuwononga nkhupakupa) - kukhala ndi zotsatira zolumikizana. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nsalu zakunja ndi mankhwala odana ndi mite m'madera ndi malo!

Pogulitsa mungapeze ma acaricides omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pakhungu. Koma ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala - ziwengo, poizoni ndizotheka.

Malangizo okhudza kuwononga nkhupakupa m'ma biotopes ndi malo omwe anthu angakhalemo

Kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa nkhupakupa, muyenera nthawi zonse:

• tchetcha udzu pamalowo (nkhupakupa zimateteza wovulalayo muudzu, nthawi zambiri kutalika kwa 0,6 m, kutalika kwake ndi 1,5 metres; m'malo anjala, nkhupakupa zimakhala zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi, malinga ndi ena. magwero mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, kukula kuchokera ku dzira kupita kwa akuluakulu - imago imatenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kapena kuposerapo);

• zitsamba zoyera, chotsani masamba akugwa (nthata zimataya chinyezi padzuwa, ndikubwezeretsanso bwino m'malo onyowa);

• kuwononga makoswe ang'onoang'ono - makamu a nkhupakupa (kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zinyama zakuthengo - cholinga chachilengedwe cha matenda);

• kuchitira malo omwe angakhale nkhupakupa (nkhupakupa zapakati zimayenda mkati mwa 5-10 metres, zakum'mwera - mpaka 100 metres, kudziwongolera mothandizidwa ndi zolandilira, kuyang'ana panjira, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango - m'malo omwe mungakumane nawo. wozunzidwa).

Thandizo lothana ndi mite potengera chidziwitso cha mite biology limagwira ntchito pachaka. M'madera ambiri pali mabungwe omwe amachita desacarization, deratization, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotchetcha udzu, mankhwala odana ndi nkhupakupa.