Lemonade, ngati chakumwa choledzeretsa, chimatchulidwa m'mabuku a 600 BC. Awa anali ma sherbets, osamwa kaboni osakanizidwa. Mu 300 BC, ayezi adabweretsedwa ku bwalo la Alexander the Great ochokera kumayiko akutali.
Chakumwa ndimu chinawonekera koyamba ku France motsogozedwa ndi King Louis I. M'modzi mwa omwe adanyamula khothi adasokoneza migoloyo ndi vinyo ndikumamwa madzi mugalasi m'malo mwa chakumwa chokalamba. Atazindikira kuti walakwitsa, adawonjezera madzi amchere mumtsukowo ndipo sanachite mantha kuperekera kwa amfumu. Kwa funso la mfumu: "Ichi ndi chiyani?" wolandirayo anayankha kuti: “Schorle, Mfumu.” Wolamulirayo adakonda chakumwacho, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo Shorle (Shorley) adayamba kutchedwa "Royal lemonade".
Mbiri ya mandimu monga tikudziwira lero iyamba m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri France. Kenako adayamba kukonzekera chakumwa chofewa m'madzi ndi mandimu ndikuwonjezera shuga. Maziko a mandimu anali madzi amchere omwe amachokera ku akasupe azachipatala. Ndi maudindo apamwamba okha omwe amatha kugula mandimu yotere, popeza zosakaniza za mandimu zimakhala zodula. Nthawi yomweyo, mandimu amawoneka ku Italy - kuchuluka kwa mitengo ya mandimu kumaloleza kuchepetsa mtengo wa mandimu, ndipo kumeneko idayamba kutchuka msanga. Lemonade yaku Italiya idakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera zipatso zina ndi infusions zitsamba.
M'zaka za m'ma 1670, kampani yaku France ya Compagnie de Limonadiers idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe, mothandizidwa ndi ogulitsa mandimu, idagulitsa mandimu kwa anthu odutsa mwachindunji kuchokera ku migolo yovalidwa kumbuyo kwawo.
Mu 1767, wasayansi waku England a Joseph Priestley adasungunula kaboni dayokisaidi m'madzi. Adapanga saturator - chida chomwe chimadzaza madzi ndi thovu la carbon dioxide. Kubwera kwa madzi a kaboni kunapangitsa mandimu kukhala achilendo komanso otchuka. Ma mandimu oyamba a kaboni adapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, pomwe adaphunzira kutulutsa asidi wa citric ku mandimu.
Mu 1871, dzina la zakumwa zosamwa mowa, High Quality Lemon Carbonated Ginger Ale, adalembetsa ku United States. Kutsatira ndimu yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi ya ginger, soda imapangidwa kutengera mizu ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, mandimu idayamba kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu kwa anthu wamba, chifukwa zidatheka kutseka chakumwa chonunkhira chabwino m'mabotolo otsekedwa.
Munthawi ya Soviet, mandimu idakhala chakumwa chadziko lonse. Zinapangidwa kuchokera kuzipatso zachilengedwe, zowonjezera zazitsamba ndi shuga. Ngakhale pamenepo, mandimu sinangokhala chakumwa choledzeretsa, komanso chakumwa chopatsa thanzi, cholimbikitsa komanso cholimbikitsa.
Ma mandimu adagulitsidwa m'mabotolo komanso pampopi - mu zida za Agroshkin, madziwo adadzaza ndi carbon dioxide ndikusandulika soda. Magalasi agalasi okhala ndi mankhwala amitundu yambiri adayikidwa kuseri kwa zowerengera. Ma syrupswo adatsanulidwa m'm magalasi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndikupukutidwa ndi madzi a kaboni kuchokera ku saturator.
Soda amathiranso m'misewu kuchokera m'ngolo. Zipangizo za ma mini-station oterowo adalinso ndi ma syrups ndi kaboni ya soda, yokutidwa ndi ayezi. Monga ngati ndimatsenga, kapu yamphesa ya mandimu idamera patsogolo pomwe kasitomalayo akuwona, ndipo chakumwa chozizwitsacho chidakondweretsa masambawo.
M'zaka za m'ma 50, makina ogulitsira madzi a soda adalowetsa ngolo. Ku America, adawonekera zaka zana m'mbuyomo, koma ku USSR samakumana kawirikawiri koyamba. Koma m'ma 60s ndi 70s, akuluakulu atapita ku States, kuchuluka kwa makina okhala ndi soda ndi mandimu ya kaboni kunakula kangapo.
Zotengera zamakina awa zidawonekera m'zaka za zana loyamba BC ku Egypt. Pansi pa Heron waku Alexandria, amayika mayunitsi okhala ndi madzi mumzinda, omwe amathiridwa m'magawo mokakamizidwa ndi ndalama zolipira.
M'masiku a Soviet Union, ma siphon apanyumba nawonso adawoneka, mothandizidwa ndi azimayi apanyumba aku Soviet Union omwe adadzipangira mandimu kuchokera m'madzi ndi kupanikizana.
Kirimu koloko
Mtundu wa mandimu uwu udapangidwa ndi sing'anga wachinyamata Mitrofan Lagidze zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Soda ya kirimu imapangidwa ndi madzi a koloko komanso azungu azungu omenyedwa. Soda kirimu wamakono amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni owuma, oyera.
Tarragon
Chinthu china chopangidwa ndi Lagidze ndi mandimu ya Tarhun. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, adabwera ndi chinsinsi potengera zitsamba za tarragon. Anthu amatcha chomera ichi tarragon - chifukwa chake dzina la mandimu palokha.
ndodo yachifumu
Mbiri ya Citro lemonade idayamba mu 1812, koma idakhala yotchuka kwambiri munthawi ya Soviet. Chinsinsi cha mandimu iyi chidasungidwa mwachinsinsi ndipo chidangopezeka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Citro imakonzedwa kuchokera ku citric acid, shuga, madzi a zipatso, zotetezera zachilengedwe, utoto ndi zosiyanitsa kukoma. Citro imakhala ndi calcium, fluorine, vitamini C, iron, magnesium ndi mavitamini ndi michere ina.
Baikal
Baikal idapangidwa ngati fanizo la kola waku America mu 1973. Akatswiri aukadaulo adakwanitsa kufanana ndi chakumwa choyambirira. Kuphatikiza pa citric acid ndi shuga, Baikal yoyambayo imapanganso zowonjezera za St. John's wort, Eleutherococcus, licorice muzu, komanso mitundu ingapo yamafuta ofunikira.