Ana amene amachedwa chinenero amakhala ndi mwayi wopsa mtima kuwirikiza kawiri, asayansi akutero. Izi zatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa. Kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani pochita ndipo ndi nthawi yanji yoyimba alamu?
Asayansi akhala akuganiza kuti kuchedwa kwa kulankhula ndi kupsa mtima kwa ana kungakhale kogwirizana, koma palibe kafukufuku wamkulu yemwe adatsimikiziranso lingaliro ili ndi deta. Mpaka pano.
Kafukufuku Wapadera
Pulojekiti yatsopano yochokera ku yunivesite ya Northwestern University, yomwe anthu a 2000 adatenga nawo mbali, inasonyeza kuti ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi mawu ang'onoang'ono amakwiya kwambiri kuposa anzawo omwe ali ndi luso lolankhulana ndi msinkhu wawo. Aka ndi kafukufuku woyamba wamtunduwu wogwirizanitsa kuchedwa kwa kulankhula kwa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi kupsa mtima kwa khalidwe. Chitsanzocho chinaphatikizaponso ana osakwana miyezi 12, ngakhale kuti ukalamba umawoneka ngati "vuto" pankhaniyi.
“Timadziŵa kuti ana ang’onoang’ono amapsa mtima akatopa kapena akakhumudwa, ndipo makolo ambiri nthawizi amakhala opanikizika,” anatero Elizabeth Norton, yemwenso ndi wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu. Koma ndi makolo oŵerengeka amene amadziŵa kuti mitundu ina ya kupsa mtima kaŵirikaŵiri kapena koopsa kungasonyeze ngozi yodzadwala m’maganizo pambuyo pake monga kuda nkhaŵa, kuvutika maganizo, kulephera kusamala, ndi vuto la khalidwe.”
Monga kupsa mtima, kuchedwa kwakulankhula ndizomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kuphunzira pambuyo pake komanso kulephera kulankhula, Norton akutero. Malinga ndi iye, pafupifupi 40% mwa ana awa adzakhala ndi vuto la kulankhula mosalekeza, zomwe zingasokoneze maphunziro awo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuunika zonse zachilankhulo komanso zamaganizidwe motsatana kumatha kufulumizitsa kuzindikira msanga komanso kuchitapo kanthu pazovuta zaubwana. Kupatula apo, ana omwe ali ndi "vuto lawiri" ili ndi mwayi wokhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhaŵa zingakhale kubwerezabwereza kwa mkwiyo nthaŵi zonse, kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa kulankhula
“Kuchokera ku maphunziro ena ambiri a ana okulirapo, tinkadziŵa kuti vuto la kalankhulidwe ndi maganizo limachitika kaŵirikaŵiri kuposa mmene mungayembekezere. Koma ntchitoyi isanachitike, sitinkadziwa kuti ayambika liti,” akuwonjezera motero Elizabeth Norton, yemwenso ndi mkulu wa labotale yapayunivesite yomwe imaphunzira za kakulidwe ka chinenero, kuphunzira ndi kuwerenga mogwirizana ndi sayansi ya ubongo.
Kafukufukuyu adafunsa gulu loyimira la makolo opitilira 2000 omwe ali ndi ana azaka zapakati pa 12 mpaka 38. Makolo adayankha mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa mawu omwe ana amanenedwa ndi ana, ndi "kuphulika" m'makhalidwe awo - mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri mwana amakhala ndi vuto panthawi ya kutopa kapena, mosiyana, zosangalatsa.
Mwana wamng'ono amatengedwa ngati "wolankhula mochedwa" ngati ali ndi mawu osakwana 50 kapena satenga mawu atsopano pofika zaka ziwiri. Ochita kafukufuku amayerekezera kuti ana omwe amalankhula mochedwa amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ziwawa komanso/kapena kupsa mtima pafupipafupi kuposa anzawo omwe amadziwa bwino chilankhulo. Asayansi amati kupsa mtima ndi “koopsa” ngati mwana nthawi zonse agwira mpweya wake, kumenya nkhonya kapena kukankha pamene akupsa mtima. Ana aang'ono omwe amazunzidwa tsiku lililonse kapena kupitilira apo angafunike kuthandizidwa kukhala ndi luso lodziletsa.
Osathamangira kuchita mantha
"Makhalidwe onsewa akuyenera kuganiziridwa pokhudzana ndi chitukuko, osati mwa iwo eni," adatero wolemba nawo ntchito Lauren Wakschlag, pulofesa ndi wapampando wothandizira wa Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Sayansi Yachikhalidwe ku yunivesite ya Northwestern University komanso mkulu wa DevSci. Institute for Innovation and Developmental Sciences. Makolo sayenera kufulumira kuganiza ndi kuchita mopambanitsa chifukwa chakuti mwana wapafupi ali ndi mawu ambiri kapena chifukwa chakuti mwana wawo alibe tsiku labwino. Zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhawa m'mbali zonse ziwirizi zingakhale kubwerezabwereza kwaukali nthawi zonse, kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa kulankhula. Pamene mawonetseredwe aŵiri ameneŵa ayendera limodzi, amakulitsana ndi kuonjezera ngozi, mwa zina chifukwa chakuti mavuto oterowo amasokoneza kuyanjana kwabwino ndi ena.
Kuphunzira mozama za vutoli
Kafukufukuyu ndi gawo loyamba chabe la kafukufuku wokulirapo ku yunivesite ya Northwestern University yomwe ikuchitika pansi pa mutu wamutu wakuti, Kodi Mukuda nkhawa Liti? komanso mothandizidwa ndi National Institute of Mental Health. Gawo lotsatira likukhudza kafukufuku wa ana pafupifupi 500 ku Chicago.
Mu gulu lolamulira, pali omwe chitukuko chawo chimachitika molingana ndi zaka zonse, ndi omwe amasonyeza khalidwe losakwiya komanso / kapena kuchedwa kwa kulankhula. Asayansi adzaphunzira kukula kwa ubongo ndi khalidwe la ana kuti adziwe zizindikiro zomwe zingathandize kusiyanitsa kuchedwa kwakanthawi ndi maonekedwe a mavuto aakulu.
Makolo ndi ana awo amakumana ndi okonza ntchitoyi chaka chilichonse mpaka anawo atakwanitsa zaka 4,5. Kulingalira kwanthaŵi yaitali chotere “pa mwana wonse” sikuli koonekera kwenikweni pa kafukufuku wa sayansi pankhani ya kalankhulidwe ndi thanzi la maganizo, akufotokoza motero Dr. Wakschlag.
Asayansi ndi madokotala ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwa mabanja ambiri chomwe chingathandize kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto omwe akufotokozedwa.
"Innovation and Emerging Sciences DevSci yathu idapangidwa makamaka kuti athandize asayansi kuti achoke m'makalasi achikhalidwe, kupita kupyola machitidwe anthawi zonse ndikutha kugwira ntchito moyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zomwe zilipo masiku ano kuti athetse ntchito," akufotokoza motero.
“Tikufuna kutenga ndi kubweretsa pamodzi zidziwitso zonse zachitukuko zomwe tili nazo kuti madotolo a ana ndi makolo azikhala ndi zida zowathandiza kudziwa nthawi yoti azilira ndikupempha akatswiri. Ndikuwonetsa nthawi yomwe kulowererapo kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri, "akutero Elizabeth Norton.
Wophunzira wake Brittany Manning ndi m'modzi mwa olemba pepala la polojekiti yatsopanoyi, yemwe ntchito yake mu matenda olankhula ndi gawo lachilimbikitso cha phunzirolo. "Ndidakambirana zambiri ndi makolo komanso azachipatala za kupsa mtima kwa ana omwe amalankhula mochedwa, koma panalibe umboni wasayansi pamutuwu womwe ndingathe kutengerapo," adatero Manning. Tsopano asayansi ndi madokotala ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwa sayansi ndi mabanja ambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto omwe akufotokozedwa panthawi yake.