Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chake, Board of Editorial Board ya MedTvoiLokony imayesetsa kupereka zodalirika zachipatala mothandizidwa ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa cha sayansi. Mbendera yowonjezerapo "Zofufuza Zomwe Zili" zikuwonetsa kuti nkhaniyi idawunikidwa kapena kulembedwa ndi dokotala mwachindunji. Kutsimikiza kwa magawo awiri awa: mtolankhani wazachipatala komanso dokotala amatilola kuti tipereke zomwe zili zapamwamba kwambiri mogwirizana ndi chidziwitso chamankhwala chamakono.
Kudzipereka kwathu m'derali kwayamikiridwa, pakati pa ena, ndi Association of Journalists for Health, yomwe inapatsa Bungwe la Editorial la MedTvoiLokony ndi mutu waulemu wa Mphunzitsi Wamkulu.
Wachibwibwi wazaka XNUMX - kusokonezeka kwamawu
Njira yolankhulira imakhala ndi njira zingapo zovuta kwambiri zomwe ziyenera kulumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake. Kuti chiganizo chomwe tikunena chimveke bwino, mawu oyenera ndi galamala ziyenera kusankhidwa.
Koma si zonse. Kulankhula kokongola kumakhalanso njira yolondola yolankhulira, mwachitsanzo, kupuma mozama, kuyamba kuyankhula molumikizana ndi mpweya wotuluka, zingwe zapakamwa zokhazikika bwino komanso zida zomvekera bwino (mkamwa wofewa, lilime, mano, milomo) kupangitsa kuyimba bwino komanso kumveka bwino. za mawu. Kwa akuluakulu, kulankhula kumangochitika zokha. Tikamalankhula sitiganizira mmene timapumira, mmene timasamalirira milomo yathu ndi lilime lathu kuti lizilankhula mawu enieni. Koma kwa mwana ndondomeko yovutayi ndi yovuta kwambiri.
Mwana wasukulu akungophunzira kulamulira njira zonsezi. Kumveka kwatsopano kumawonekera nthawi zonse pakukula kwa malankhulidwe (sz, ż, cz, dż, r) omwe amayenera kuwongolera ndikutha kuwagwiritsa ntchito m'mawu oyenera, amaphunziranso mawu ndi mawu atsopano nthawi zonse, amaphunzira mitundu yatsopano ya galamala. Palinso unyinji wa zokopa zakunja. Ana amayang'ana dziko mozama kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero cha mavuto atsopano omwe akuyenera kuthana nawo ndi aakulu (sukulu ya ana a sukulu, abwenzi atsopano, mchimwene kapena mlongo watsopano yemwe mwadyera amakopa chidwi cha makolo awo, etc.). Mkangano waukulu wamalingaliro umatuluka mumutu wawung'ono womwe umayenera kufotokozedwa. Ndipo momwe mungachitire pamene chinenero sichikumvetsera kumapeto, mpweya umachita zomwe ukufuna ndipo mawu akusowa? Chifukwa chake, m'mawu athu aang'ono, zosokoneza zambiri zimayamba kuwonekera pafupipafupi. Mwanayo amabwereza mawu, ma syllables, nthawi zina mawu kapena mbali zonse za chiganizo. Mawu amatha kukokedwa, zomwe zimapatsa mwana nthawi yoganizira gawo lotsatira lakulankhula. Pakhoza kukhalanso zokonza (zomwe zimatchedwa kukonzanso) zokhudzana ndi gawo la galamala la chiganizo.
Ngati kusokonezeka uku sikunatsatidwe ndi kugwedezeka kwina kapena kusuntha kwa nkhope, nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ngati kusokonezeka kwakulankhula. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 7 ndipo ndi chimodzi chokha mwa zovuta zolankhula zomwe zimadutsa ndi zaka, komanso kuwongolera luso lachilankhulo.
Kusokonezeka kwa kalankhulidwe kachitukuko kumadziwika ndi kusokonezeka kwa kusuntha kuchokera ku ganizo lina kupita ku lina, kuchoka ku kalembedwe ka galamala kupita ku kena. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa machitidwe a kupuma, phonatory ndi kufotokozera, kapena ndi zotsatira za kuyankhula mofulumira komanso osatsatira maganizo anu. Mwanayo, polankhula bwino, sadziwa mfundo imeneyi, samamva kusapeza kulikonse kogwirizana ndi izo ndipo sizimamupangitsa iye kukayikira kulankhula.
Pankhani ya kusokonezeka kwamawu, palibe njira zapadera zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi bwino kuti musamauze mwana wanu mmene amalankhulira, koma kulankhula naye mochedwa komanso kumupatsa nthawi yoti amalize kulankhula modekha.
Komabe, ngati mwana wapezeka ndi kulankhula disfluency ndi pafupipafupi kuposa 10% ya kulankhula, ndipo pali mikangano pa kulankhula, kukokana kapena chifundo, otchedwa "Early chibwibwi ubwana". Apa ndi pamene kuzindikira kwa mawu osokonekera kumawonekera ndipo kusafuna kuyankhula nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi izo.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa "chibwibwi m'zaka zaubwana". Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chibadwa, kuwonongeka kwa perinatal, kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa zida zolankhulira, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, matenda ena aubwana kapenanso zamalingaliro: kudzidalira, kukakamizidwa kuyankhula, manyazi, mantha, kusavomera, ndi zina zambiri.
Thandizo la "chibwibwi cha ubwana", mosiyana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kulankhula, liyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri olankhula kapena m'misasa yapadera yokonzanso.
Zolemba: mgr Izabela Wiatrowska, speaker therapist and mgr Magdalena Jęksa – Wojciechowska, speaker therapist, ABC wa matchulidwe olondola