Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, nthaka imayamba kutentha, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri "kusaka mwakachetechete". Mwa bowa zodyedwa zomwe zimakololedwa m'chilimwe, bowa wa semi-white ndi omwe amayamba kuwonekera. Amakula m'malo okwera pang'ono, ofunda bwino. Bowa wa mossiness, psatirells ndi udemansiella zimapsa kumbuyo kwawo. Ndipo pakati pa bowa woyamba wosadyeka wa chilimwe, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kudera la Moscow ndi mycenae ndi mizere.
M'dziko Lathu, bowa wa tubular nthawi zambiri amakololedwa kuchokera ku bowa wachilimwe: woyera, semi-white, boletus, boletus, boletus. M'mayiko ena akunja lamellar bowa monga bowa, champignons amakonda.
Zokhudza bowa zomwe zimakololedwa m'chilimwe, ndi mitundu yanji yosadya yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango mu June, mudzaphunzira powerenga nkhaniyi.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya bowa yomwe imakololedwa m'chilimwe
Bowa wa semi-white, kapena boletus wachikasu (Boletus impolitus).
Malo okhala: paokha komanso m'magulu m'nkhalango zodula komanso zosakanizika.
Nyengo: kuyambira June mpaka September.
Chipewacho ndi masentimita 5-15 m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm, poyamba ndi hemispherical, pambuyo pake ngati khushoni ndi convex. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wamtunduwu ndi chipewa chadongo chopendekera pang'ono kapena chipewa chachikasu chabulauni chokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono, takuda pang'ono. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamwamba pa kapu ming'alu. Khungu silichotsedwa.
Miyendo 4-15 cm wamtali, 1-4 cm wandiweyani. Phesi poyamba limakhala loyera-kirimu mu mtundu, ndipo kenako imvi-chikasu kapena chikasu-bulauni.
Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, mu bowa wa chilimwe, kumtunda kwa mwendo kumakhala kopepuka, udzu:
Pamwamba pake ndi owuma, owuluka m'munsi, opanda mawonekedwe a mauna.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, poyamba yoyera, kenako kuwala chikasu, sasintha mtundu pa odulidwa, kukoma ndi kosangalatsa, sweetish, fungo pang'ono amatikumbutsa iodoform.
Chosanjikiza cha tubular ndi chaulere, choyamba chachikasu, kenako chachikasu cha azitona, sichimasintha mtundu ukakanikizidwa. Spores ndi azitona-chikasu.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala kwa azitona-chikasu mpaka chikasu-bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Bowa wa semi-white ndi ofanananso ndi wodyedwa boletus (Boletus radicans), yomwe imasandulika buluu podulidwa komanso ikakanizidwa.
Njira zophikira: pickling, salting, Frying, soups, kuyanika.
Zodyera, 2rd ndi 3th gulu.
Boletus.
Kulankhula zomwe bowa amamera m'chilimwe, ndithudi, m'pofunika kulankhula za bowa wa mossiness. Awa ndi bowa osowa, koma okongola modabwitsa. Ponena za kukoma kwawo, ali pafupi ndi boletus. Mafunde awo oyamba amawoneka mu June, chachiwiri - mu Ogasiti, mafunde mochedwa akhoza kukhala mu Okutobala.
Velvet flywheel (Boletus prunatus).
Malo okhala: imamera m'nkhalango zowirira, zobiriwira.
Nyengo: June-October.
Chipewa chokhala ndi mainchesi 4-12 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, hemispherical. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chowuma cha matte, chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi m'mbali zopepuka. Khungu pa chipewa ndi youma, bwino-grained ndi pafupifupi kumva, kukhala yosalala ndi nthawi, pang'ono poterera pambuyo mvula.
Onani chithunzichi - bowawa omwe amakula m'chilimwe amakhala ndi mwendo wozungulira, 4-10 cm wamtali, 6-20 mm wandiweyani:
Tsinde nthawi zambiri limapakidwa utoto wopepuka kuposa chipewa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopindika. Kirimu wachikasu ndi wofiira mtundu ankakonda.
Thupi ndi wandiweyani, yoyera ndi chikasu kupendekera, pang'ono kutembenukira buluu akaumirizidwa. Mnofu wa bowa wodyedwa wa m'chilimwe umakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono komanso kununkhira kwa bowa.
Ma tubules amakhala okoma-chikasu akadakali aang'ono, kenako achikasu-wobiriwira. Ma spores ndi achikasu.
Kusinthana: chipewacho pamapeto pake chimakhala chowuma komanso chowoneka bwino, ndipo mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni ndi bulauni-bulauni. Mtundu wa tsinde umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira ndi wachikasu-bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni.
Palibe mapasa oopsa. Velvet ya Mokhovik ndi yofanana ndi mawonekedwe variegated flywheel (Boletus chtysenteron), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ming'alu pa kapu.
Njira zophikira: kuyanika, marinating, kuwira.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Psatirella.
M'nkhalango ya June muli bowa wambiri wonyezimira wonyezimira wokhala ndi chipewa ngati maambulera. Bowa oyambawa amamera paliponse m'chilimwe, makamaka pafupi ndi njira za m'nkhalango. Iwo amatchedwa psatirella Candoll.
Psathyrella Candolleana (Psathyrella Candolleana).
Malo okhala: nthaka, nkhuni zowola ndi zitsa za mitengo yophukira, yokulira m’magulu.
Nyengo: June-October.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-6 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 9 cm, poyamba chooneka ngati belu, pambuyo pake chimakhala chowoneka bwino, kenako chimagwada. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo poyamba chimakhala choyera-chikaso, kenaka chimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa chibakuwa, chipewa chokhala ndi zoyera zoyera m'mphepete mwake ndi mwendo wosalala wa kirimu woyera. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi woonda kwambiri wa radial umawoneka pamwamba pa kapu.
Mwendo ndi 3-8 cm wamtali, 3 mpaka 7 mm wandiweyani, ulusi, wokulirapo pang'ono pafupi ndi maziko, brittle, kirimu woyera wokhala ndi zokutira pang'ono kumtunda.
Zamkati: choyamba choyera, kenako chikasu, mu zitsanzo zazing'ono zopanda fungo lapadera ndi kukoma, mu bowa wokhwima ndi wakale - ndi fungo losasangalatsa ndi kukoma kowawa.
Mabalawa ndi omatira, pafupipafupi, opapatiza, oyera poyamba, pambuyo pake imvi-violet, imvi-pinki, yakuda bulauni, imvi-bulauni kapena wofiirira.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kuchokera ku zoyera-kirimu kupita ku chikasu ndi pinkish-kirimu mu zitsanzo zazing'ono ndi zachikasu-bulauni komanso zofiirira m'mphepete mwa zitsanzo zokhwima.
Mitundu yofananira. Psatirella Candolla ndi ofanana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chikwapu chachikasu chagolide (Pluteus luteovirens), chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chachikasu chagolide chokhala ndi pakati pakuda.
Zoyenera kudya, popeza ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono zokha zomwe zitha kudyedwa ndipo pasanathe maola 2 mutatolera, momwe mtundu wa mbale umakhala wopepuka. Zitsanzo zokhwima zimatulutsa madzi akuda ndi kukoma kowawa.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsa bowa wachilimwe wofotokozedwa pamwambapa:
Udemansiella.
M'nkhalango za pine m'chigawo cha Moscow, mungapeze bowa zachilendo zachilimwe - udemansiella wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yozungulira pachipewa. Ali aang'ono amakhala a bulauni, ndipo akamakalamba amakhala oderapo ndipo amawoneka bwino pamatayala a singano za paini.
Udemansiella kuwala (Oudemansiella radicata).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zophukiranso, m'mapaki, m'munsi mwa mitengo ikuluikulu, pafupi ndi zitsa ndi mizu, nthawi zambiri zimamera payokha. Mitundu yosowa, yolembedwa m'chigawo cha Red Books, udindo - 3R.
Bowawa amakololedwa m'chilimwe, kuyambira mu July. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa imatha mu Seputembala.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-8 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, poyamba chimakhala chopindika pansi ndi tubercle yowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake pafupifupi chathyathyathya ndiyeno, ngati duwa lofota, ndi m'mphepete mwa bulauni. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wofiirira wa kapu ndi mawonekedwe a convex a tubercle ndi mikwingwirima yozungulira kapena cheza. Kuchokera pamwamba, ziphuphuzi zimawoneka ngati camomile kapena maluwa ena. Kapu ndi yopyapyala komanso yopindika.
Miyendo yayitali, 8-15 cm wamtali, nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm, 4-12 mm wandiweyani, wokulitsidwa m'munsi, womizidwa kwambiri m'nthaka, ndi njira yonga mizu. Mu bowa aang'ono, mtundu wa phesi ndi pafupifupi yunifolomu - yoyera, mu bowa wokhwima - yoyera pamwamba ndi zokutira za powdery, zofiira zofiira pakati ndipo phesi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopotoka, pansi - yofiira, yofiira nthawi yayitali.
Mnofu wa bowawa, womwe ukukula m'chilimwe, ndi woonda, wotuwa kapena wotuwa, wopanda fungo lalikulu.
Mambale ndi osowa, omatira, kenako aulere, oyera, otuwa.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka imvi-chikasu, wachikasu-bulauni, ndipo mu ukalamba mpaka wakuda wakuda ndipo umakhala wofanana ndi mawonekedwe a duwa lakuda ndi ma petals pansi.
Mitundu yofananira. Oudemansiella radiata ndi yodziwika bwino komanso yapadera chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ziphuphu zowala pa kapu kuti zimakhala zovuta kuzisokoneza ndi zamoyo zina.
Njira zophikira: yophika, yokazinga.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Mu gawo lotsatira la nkhaniyi, muphunzira kuti ndi bowa ati omwe amamera m'chilimwe ndi osadyedwa.
Bowa wachilimwe wosadyeka
Mycenae.
Mycenae amawonekera pazitsa ndi mitengo yovunda m'nkhalango ya June. Bowa ang'onoang'ono pa phesi woonda, ngakhale kuti ndi osadyedwa, amapatsa nkhalango mawonekedwe apadera komanso odabwitsa amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso odzaza.
Mycena amicta (Mycena amicta).
Malo okhala: nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana, pazitsa, pamizu, panthambi zakufa, zomwe zimakula m'magulu akuluakulu.
Nyengo: June-September.
Chipewacho chili ndi mainchesi 0,5-1,5 cm, ngati belu. Chinthu chosiyana cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chooneka ngati belu chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake chokhala ndi tubercle yaying'ono, yofanana ndi batani, kirimu wonyezimira wamtundu wachikasu-bulauni kapena wofiirira wa azitona komanso wokhala ndi nthiti pang'ono. Pamwamba pa kapu amakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono.
Phesi ndi lopyapyala, 3-6 cm wamtali, 1-2 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, yosalala, nthawi zina ndi mizu, poyamba translucent, kenako imvi-bulauni, yokutidwa ndi mbewu zoyera zoyera.
Mnofu ndi woonda, woyera, uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, akutsika pang'ono pa tsinde, poyamba oyera, kenako imvi.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu wapakati umasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu-bulauni kupita ku azitona-bulauni, nthawi zina ndi mtundu wa bluish.
Mitundu yofananira. Mycena amicta mu mtundu wa kapu ndi ofanana ndi mycena inclinata (Mycena inclinata), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapu yokhala ngati kapu ndi mwendo wopepuka wa kirimu wokhala ndi zokutira zaufa.
Zosadyedwa chifukwa cha fungo losasangalatsa.
Mycena woyera, mawonekedwe ofiirira (Mycena pura, f. violaceus).
Malo okhala: bowawa amakula m'chilimwe m'nkhalango zodula, pakati pa moss ndi pansi pa nkhalango, amakula m'magulu komanso payekha.
Nyengo: June-September.
Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-6 cm, poyamba chooneka ngati kondomu kapena belu, kenako chophwanyika. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe osalala amtundu wa lilac-violet okhala ndi mikwingwirima yozama komanso mano a mbale otuluka m'mphepete. Chipewacho chili ndi zigawo ziwiri zamitundu: mkati mwake ndi mdima wofiirira-lilac, wakunja ndi wopepuka wa lilac-kirimu. Zimachitika kuti pali mitundu itatu yamitundu nthawi imodzi: mkati mwake ndi wonyezimira wachikasu kapena wonyezimira wa pinki, wachiwiri wokhazikika ndi wofiirira-lilac, wachitatu, m'mphepete, ndi wopepuka, ngati pakati.
Mwendo 4-8 cm wamtali, 3-6 mm, cylindrical, wandiweyani, wofanana ndi kapu, wokutidwa ndi ulusi wambiri wa lilac-wakuda. M'zitsanzo zokhwima, kumtunda kwa mwendo kumajambulidwa mumitundu yowala, ndipo kumunsi kumakhala mdima.
Mnofu pa kapu ndi woyera, pa tsinde ndi lilac, ndi fungo lamphamvu la radish ndi kukoma kwa mpiru.
Mabalawa ndi osowa, otakata, omatira, pakati pawo pali mbale zazifupi zaulere.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku pinkish-lilac mpaka wofiirira.
M'mbale, mtundu umasintha kuchoka ku woyera-pinki kukhala wofiirira.
Mitundu yofananira. Mycena iyi ndi yofanana ndi mycena yooneka ngati kapu (Mycena galericulata), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa tubercle yotchulidwa pa kapu.
Zosadyedwa chifukwa ndizosakoma.
Ryadovka.
Mizere yoyamba ya June ndi yosadyeka. Amadzaza nkhalango yophukira ndi chithumwa chachilendo.
Row white (album ya Tricholoma).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana, makamaka ndi birch ndi beech, makamaka pa dothi la acidic, zimakula m'magulu, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete, mu zitsamba, m'mapaki.
Nyengo: July-October.
Kapu 3-8 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 13 cm, youma, yosalala, poyamba hemispherical, kenako convex-prostrate. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala mafunde pang'ono ndi zaka. Mtundu wa kapu ndi zoyera kapena zoyera zoyera poyamba, ndipo ndi msinkhu - ndi mawanga ofiira kapena achikasu. Mphepete mwa kapu imapindika pansi.
Mwendo ndi 4-10 cm wamtali, 6-15 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, zotanuka, nthawi zina ufa pamwamba, wopindika, fibrous. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi woyera poyamba, ndipo kenako chikasu ndi pa red tinge, nthawi zina bulauni m'munsi ndi yopapatiza.
Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, minofu, mu bowa aang'ono ndi fungo pang'ono, ndipo mu zitsanzo okhwima - ndi fungo lamphamvu, musty musty ndi kulawa koopsa.
Ma mbalewa ndi osawerengeka, osalingana kutalika, oyera, kenako oyera-kirimu mumtundu.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mzere woyera kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndi ofanana ndi imvi mzere (Tricholoma portentosum), zomwe zimadyedwa ndipo zimakhala ndi fungo losiyana, osati caustic, koma zosangalatsa.
Pamene mukukula, kusiyana kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha imvi.
Iwo ndi inedible chifukwa champhamvu zosasangalatsa fungo ndi kukoma, amene sanathe ngakhale ndi chithupsa yaitali.