Zamkatimu
Bowa wamtundu wa Milky ndi wa banja la Syroezhkov. Gulu lawo lodyera ndilotsika (3-4), komabe, ngakhale izi, okaka mkaka amalemekezedwa m'dziko lathu. Akukololedwabe, makamaka mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera kuyika mchere ndi pickling. Mu gulu la mycological, pali mitundu pafupifupi 120 ya Lactarius, pafupifupi 90 mwa iwo amakula m'dziko lathu.
Zoyamba za lactic zomwe zimakula mu June ndi zopanda caustic komanso zotumbululuka zachikasu. Bowa onse a lactic ndi bowa wodyedwa, ndipo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa madzi pamalo odulidwa kapena osweka. Komabe, iwo, monga bowa wamkaka, amadyedwa atatha kuthira koyambirira kuti athetse kuwawa. Amakula m’magulu.
Omwe amakaka mkaka mu September amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu poyerekeza ndi a August, akuyandikira pafupi ndi madambo, mitsinje ndi ngalande.
Bowa wamkaka ndi bowa wamkaka mu Okutobala amasintha mtundu kwambiri itatha chisanu choyamba. Kusintha kumeneku n’kolimba kwambiri moti n’kovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo. N'zotheka ntchito chakudya, zilowerere ndi mchere okha milkers amene sanasinthe maonekedwe awo ndi katundu mchikakamizo cha chisanu.
Mutha kupeza zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a bowa wa lactic wamitundu yodziwika bwino patsamba lino.
Milky non-caustic
Malo okhala Lactarius mitissimus: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi coniferous. Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi oak ndi spruce, amakula mu moss ndi zinyalala, payekha komanso m'magulu.
Nyengo: July-October.
Chovalacho chili ndi mainchesi 2-6 cm, owonda, otukukira poyamba, kenako amagwada, amakhala okhumudwa akakalamba. Nthawi zambiri pakatikati pa kapu pali tubercle. Chigawo chapakati ndi chakuda. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wowala wa chipewa: ma apricot kapena lalanje. Kapu ndi youma, velvety, popanda madera concentric. M'mphepete mwa kapu ndi opepuka.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mwendo wa bowa wa lactic uwu ndi wamtali 3-8 cm, 0,6-1,2 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, kenako otsika, amtundu womwewo wokhala ndi kapu, wopepuka kumtunda. gawo:
Mnofu wa kapu ndi wachikasu kapena lalanje-wachikasu, wandiweyani, wosasunthika, wosalowerera ndale. Pansi pa khungu, thupi ndi wotumbululuka chikasu kapena wotumbululuka lalanje, popanda fungo kwambiri. Madzi amkaka ndi oyera, amadzi, sasintha mtundu mumlengalenga, osati caustic, koma owawa pang'ono.
Mambale, omatira kapena otsika, owonda, apakati pafupipafupi, opepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu, wotumbululuka-lalanje, nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawanga ofiira, otsika pang'ono ku tsinde. Ma spores ndi okoma-buff mtundu.
Kusinthasintha. Mabala achikasu amakhala owoneka bwino pakapita nthawi. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku apurikoti mpaka wachikasu-lalanje.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wa mkaka ndi wofanana ndi Nsomba (Lactatius fuliginosus), momwe mtundu wa kapu ndi miyendo ndi wopepuka komanso mtundu wa bulauni-bulauni ndi wabwino, ndipo mwendo ndi wamfupi.
Njira zophikira: salting kapena pickling pambuyo chisanadze mankhwala.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Mkaka wotuwa wachikasu
Malo amtundu wa yellow milkweed (Lactarius pallidus): nkhalango za oak ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, zimakula m'magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: July August.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-12 masentimita, wandiweyani, otukukira pansi poyamba, pambuyo pake agwada pansi, okhumudwa pang'ono pakati, mucous. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chotumbululuka chachikasu, chotumbululuka kapena chipewa chachikasu.
Samalani chithunzicho - kapu ya lactic iyi ili ndi mtundu wosagwirizana, pali mawanga, makamaka pakati, pomwe imakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda:
Mphepete mwa kapu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi striation yamphamvu.
Tsinde lake ndi lalitali 3-9 cm, 1-2 cm wandiweyani, lopanda kanthu, mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi wa kapu, mawonekedwe a cylindrical, mwa okhwima amakhala ngati kalabu pang'ono.
Mnofu ndi woyera, ndi fungo lokoma, madzi amkaka ndi oyera ndipo sasintha mtundu mumlengalenga.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, mofooka amatsika patsinde kapena amamatira, achikasu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wapinki.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi tsinde ukhoza kukhala wotumbululuka wachikasu mpaka wachikasu-buff.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wachikasu wotumbululuka ndi wofanana ndi mkaka woyera (Lactarius mustrus), yemwe mtundu wake wa kapu ndi woyera-imvi kapena woyera-kirimu.
Njira zophikira: chodyedwa chisanalowe kapena kuwira, ntchito salting.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Milky ndale
Malo okhala mkaka wosalowerera ndale (Lactarius quietus): nkhalango zosakanizika, zodukaduka ndi za thundu, zomwe zimakula paokha komanso m'magulu.
Nyengo: July-October.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, poyambira otukukira, kenako amagwada, kukhumudwa muukalamba. Chosiyana ndi chipewa chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chowuma, chosalala, chofiirira kapena chapinki chokhala ndi madera owoneka bwino.
Myendo 3-8 masentimita, 7-15 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, ndiye dzenje, zonona.
Mnofu wa kapu ndi wachikasu kapena wofiirira, wonyezimira, madzi amkaka samasintha mtundu pakuwala.
Mabalawa amatsatira ndipo amatsikira pa tsinde, pafupipafupi, kirimu kapena bulauni, kenako amakhala pinki.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku pinki wofiirira mpaka wofiira wofiira ndi lilac wonyezimira.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Malinga ndi kufotokozera, mkaka wosalowerera ndale amawoneka ngati chakudya chabwino oak milkweed (Lactarius zonarius), yomwe ndi yokulirapo kwambiri ndipo ili ndi m'mphepete mwake mopindika.
Njira zophikira: salting kapena pickling pambuyo chisanadze mankhwala.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Milky onunkhira
Malo a milkweed onunkhira (Lactarius glyciosmus): nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana,
Nyengo: Aug. Sept.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-8 cm, chokhuthala, koma chowoneka bwino, chonyezimira, choyamba chowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake chimakhala chogwada pansi, chokhumudwa pang'ono pakati, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi tubercle yaying'ono pakati. Mtundu wa kapu ndi bulauni-imvi wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wachikasu, wapinki.
Mwendo wa 3-6 masentimita, 0,6-1,5 masentimita wandiweyani, cylindrical, wopapatiza pang'ono m'munsi, wosalala, wachikasu.
Zamkati ndi zosalimba, zofiirira kapena zofiira-bulauni. Madzi amkaka amakhala oyera, amasanduka obiriwira mumlengalenga.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, otsika pang'ono, ofiirira.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi tsinde ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wonunkhira umafanana ndi umber milky, momwe kapu ndi umber, imvi-bulauni, thupi limakhala loyera, limasanduka bulauni pa odulidwa, ndipo silimasanduka wobiriwira. Onse bowa ntchito mchere pambuyo kuwira koyambirira.
Njira zophikira: bowa edible, koma amafuna koyambirira kuvomerezedwa kuwira, pambuyo pake akhoza kukhala mchere.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
maluwa a lilac
Malo okhala a Lilac milkweed (Lactarius lilacinum): nkhalango zazikulu zokhala ndi oak ndi alder, nkhalango zodula komanso zosakanizika, zimakula paokha komanso m'magulu.
Nyengo: July - kumayambiriro kwa October.
Chipewacho chili ndi mainchesi 4-8 cm, poyamba otukukira, kenako otukukira-kugwada ndi pakati concave. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa lilac-pinki wa kapu wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwapakati komanso wopepuka. Chophimbacho chikhoza kukhala ndi zone zowoneka pang'ono.
Mwendo wa 3-8 masentimita, 7-15 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, nthawi zina wopindika m'munsi, poyamba wandiweyani, pambuyo pake ndi dzenje. Mtundu wa tsinde umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zachikasu-kirimu.
Mnofu ndi woonda, wotuwa-pinki kapena lilac-pinki, wosawononga, wopweteka pang'ono, wosanunkhiza. Madzi amkaka ndi ochuluka, oyera, mumlengalenga amapeza mtundu wa lilac-wobiriwira.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, owongoka, owonda, opapatiza, amamatira komanso amatsika pang'ono patsinde, kirimu choyamba, kenako lilac-kirimu wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kuchokera ku pinki wofiirira kupita ku zonona zofiira, ndi phesi kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka bulauni.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wa lilac ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wosalala, kapena wamba milkweed (Lactarius trivialis), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi m'mbali zozungulira komanso madera odziwika bwino okhala ndi utoto wofiirira ndi bulauni.
Njira zophikira: salting kapena pickling pambuyo chisanadze mankhwala.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Milky imvi-pinki
Malo okhala ndi imvi-pinki milkweed (Lactarius helvus): nkhalango zosakanizika, m'madambo mu moss pakati pa mitengo ya birches ndi firs, m'magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: July-September.
Chipewacho ndi chachikulu, 7-10 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm. Poyamba, imakhala yopindika m'mbali mwake yokhotakhota pansi, yowoneka ngati silky fibrous ndi kupsinjika pakati. Nthawi zina pamakhala phokoso laling'ono pakati. M'mphepete mwake mumawongoka pakukula. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo ndi imvi-pinki, fawn, imvi-pinki-bulauni, chipewa chofiira ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri. Pamwamba ndi youma, velvety, popanda madera concentric. Bowa wouma amanunkhira ngati udzu watsopano kapena coumarin.
Mwendo ndi wokhuthala ndi waufupi, 5-8 cm wamtali ndi 1-2,5 cm wandiweyani, wosalala, wotuwa, wotuwa-pinki, wopepuka kuposa kapu, wathunthu, wamphamvu paunyamata, wopepuka kumtunda, waufa, kenako wofiira. -bulauni.
Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wonyezimira, woyera-chikasu, ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri la zokometsera ndi kukoma kowawa komanso kuyaka kwambiri. Madzi amkaka ndi madzi, mu zitsanzo zakale akhoza kukhala kulibe.
Zolemba zapakati pafupipafupi, zotsika pang'ono pa tsinde, zopepuka kuposa kapu. Ufa wa spore ndi wachikasu. Mtundu wa mbalezo ndi wachikasu-ocher wokhala ndi utoto wa pinki.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Ndi fungo: zokometsera kapena fruity, imvi-pinki milky akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi oak milky (Lactarius zonarius), omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa madera okhazikika pa kapu ya bulauni.
Njira zophikira. Milky imvi-pinki malinga ndi mabuku akunja amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa. M'mabuku apanyumba, amawonedwa ngati osafunikira kwenikweni chifukwa cha fungo lawo lamphamvu ndipo amadyedwa pambuyo pokonza.
Zoyenera kudya chifukwa cha kukoma koyaka kwambiri.
Milky camphor
Malo okhala Camphor milkweed (Lactorius camphoratus): nkhalango zobiriwira, za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana, pamtunda wa acidic, nthawi zambiri pakati pa moss, nthawi zambiri zimamera m'magulu.
Nyengo: September October.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, chofooka komanso chofewa, chamtundu, chowoneka bwino poyamba, kenako ndikugwada ndikukhumudwa pang'ono pakati. Chinthu chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi tubercle yodziwika bwino pakati pa kapu, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nthiti ndi mtundu wonyezimira wofiirira.
Mwendo 2-5 cm wamtali, bulauni-wofiira, wosalala, cylindrical, woonda, nthawi zina wopapatiza pansi, wosalala m'munsi, velvety kumtunda. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi wopepuka kuposa wa kapu.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, okoma kukoma. Chinthu chachiwiri chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi fungo la camphor mu zamkati, lomwe nthawi zambiri limafanizidwa ndi fungo la kachilombo kophwanyidwa. Akadulidwa, zamkati zimatuluka madzi oyera amkaka okoma, koma ndi zokometsera zakuthwa zomwe sizisintha mtundu mumlengalenga.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, ofiira-bulauni mumtundu, m'lifupi, ndi ufa pamwamba, akutsika pa tsinde. Spores ndi zoyera zoyera, zowoneka ngati elliptical.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wofiira mpaka wakuda ndi bulauni wofiira. Ma mbale amatha kukhala ocher kapena ofiira mumtundu. Mnofu ukhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wa dzimbiri.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Camphor milky ndi yofanana rubella (Lactarius subdulcis), yomwe ilinso ndi kapu yofiira-bulauni, koma ilibe fungo lamphamvu la camphor.
Njira zophikira: salting pambuyo pa kuviika kapena kuwira.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
kokonati yamkaka
Malo okhala ndi coke milkweed (Lactorius glyciosmus): nkhalango zophukiranso ndi zosakanikirana zokhala ndi milalang'amba, zomwe zimamera payokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Nyengo: September October.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, chofooka komanso chofewa, chamtundu, chowoneka bwino poyamba, kenako ndikugwada ndikukhumudwa pang'ono pakati. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chotuwa chokhala ndi mbali zowonda kwambiri.
Mwendo 3-8 masentimita, 5-12 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wosalala, wopepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu.
Thupi ndi loyera, wandiweyani, ndi fungo la kokonati, madzi amkaka sasintha mtundu mumlengalenga.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, kirimu wopepuka wokhala ndi pinkish tinge, akutsika pang'ono pa tsinde.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-ocher kupita ku imvi-bulauni.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wa kokonati ndi wofanana ndi wofiirira wamkaka (Lactarius violascens), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wonyezimira wofiirira wokhala ndi mawanga otumbululuka.
Njira zophikira: salting pambuyo pa kuviika kapena kuwira.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Milky wonyowa, kapena imvi lilac
Malo okhala ndi Wet milkweed (Lactarius uvidus): nkhalango zobiriwira zokhala ndi birch ndi alder, m'malo achinyezi. Kulani m'magulu kapena payekha.
Nyengo: July-September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-9 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 12 cm, poyamba chimakhala chopindika ndi m'mphepete mwake, kenako kumagwada, kukhumudwa, kusalala. Katundu wamtundu wamtunduwu ndi kapu yomata kwambiri, yonyezimira komanso yonyezimira, yotumbululuka yachikasu kapena yofiirira, nthawi zina yokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono abulauni komanso madera owoneka bwino.
Mwendo wa 4-7 masentimita, 7-15 mm wandiweyani, wotumbululuka wachikasu ndi mawanga achikasu.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, yoyera, woyera yamkaka madzi mu mlengalenga amakhala wofiirira hue.
kufanana ndi zamoyo zina. Mkaka wonyowa mumithunzi yamitundu ndi mawonekedwe ndi ofanana ndi mkaka woyera (Lactrius musteus), koma ulibe chipewa chonyezimira komanso chonyezimira, koma chowuma komanso chowoneka bwino.
Njira zophikira: salting kapena pickling pambuyo akuwukha kwa masiku 2-3 kapena otentha.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Apa mutha kuwona zithunzi za bowa wa lactic, zomwe zafotokozedwa patsamba lino:
