July atangofika, bowa wamkaka amawonekera m'nkhalango - imodzi mwa bowa wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Kutengera mitundu, matupi obereketsa awa omwe ali mgulu la mycological amakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana a edability (kuyambira 1 mpaka 4). Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi bere lenileni - lapatsidwa gulu la 1 lamtengo wapatali. Nthawi zambiri, matupi a fruiting awa amathiridwa mchere ndi kuzifutsa pambuyo pakuwukha koyambirira ndi kuwira.
Bowa wamkaka wa autumn ndiwokoma kwambiri komanso wokometsera. Ndi mu September kuti mutha kusonkhanitsa madengu okhala ndi bowa weniweni wamkaka. Kuzipeza sikophweka, chifukwa zimabisala muudzu. Kale panali ambiri a iwo. Kuyambira kalekale, bowa wamkaka amathiridwa mchere mu migolo ndikudyetsedwa panthawi yosala kudya. Tsopano pali bowa weniweni wocheperako, ndipo tsopano nthawi zambiri amamera m'malo otsetsereka kapena malo otseguka pafupi ndi nkhalango pansi pamitengo yaying'ono ya Khrisimasi.
Mudzaphunzira za nkhalango zomwe bowa wa mkaka amamera, ndi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa imawonekera, powerenga nkhaniyi.
Aspen chifuwa
Malo okhala bowa wa aspen (Lactarius controversus): nkhalango zonyowa za aspen ndi poplar. Bowa amapanga mycorrhiza ndi msondodzi, aspen ndi poplar. Bowawa amakula, monga lamulo, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Nyengo: July-October.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 5-18 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 25 cm, minofu yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwam'mphepete mwake komanso yapakati yokhumudwa, pambuyo pake yosalala-yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi malo ozama pang'ono. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera wokhala ndi mawanga apinki otumbululuka komanso madera owoneka pang'ono. Pamwamba pa nyengo yamvula imakhala yomata komanso yowonda. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala mafunde.
Samalani chithunzicho - bowa wamtunduwu ali ndi mwendo waufupi, wandiweyani 3-8 cm wamtali ndi 1,5-4 cm wandiweyani, wandiweyani komanso nthawi zina owoneka bwino:
Tsinde lake ndi loyera kapena lapinki, lofanana ndi kapu, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawanga achikasu. Nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa m'munsi.
Mnofu wake ndi woyera, wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wokhala ndi madzi amphamvu kwambiri amkaka komanso fungo la zipatso.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, osatambalala, nthawi zina amakhala ndi foloko ndikutsika patsinde, kirimu kapena pinki. Spore powder ndi pinki.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ndi woyera kapena ndi pinki ndi lilac zones, nthawi zambiri concentric. Mbalamezi zimakhala zoyera poyamba, kenako zofiirira ndipo kenako zimakhala zowala.
Mitundu yofananira. Mtundu uwu wa bowa umawoneka ngati bowa bowa weniweni (Lactarius resimus). Komabe, chotsiriziracho chimakhala ndi mtengo wokulirapo, m'mphepete mwake ndi wonyezimira ndipo palibe mtundu wa pinki wambale.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Njira zophikira: kuthira mchere mutatha kuchiritsidwa kale powiritsa kapena kuviika.
Mkaka weniweni
Kodi bowa weniweni wamkaka (Lactarius resimus) amamera kuti: birch ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndi birch, zimapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch, zimakula m'magulu.
Nyengo: July-September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 6-15 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 20 cm, minofu yokhala ndi m'mphepete motsetsereka komanso kukhumudwa pakati, kenako kugwada pansi ndi dera lapakati. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi m'mphepete mwa fluffy kapena shaggy ndi kapu yoyera ngati yamkaka, yomwe pamapeto pake imakhala yachikasu kapena kirimu yokhala ndi madera ochepa kapena opanda. Bowa wamtunduwu amatha kukhala ndi mawanga achikasu.
Mwendo 3-9 cm kutalika, 1,5-3,5 masentimita m'mimba mwake, cylindrical, yosalala, yoyera, nthawi zina achikasu kapena ofiira m'munsi.
Mnofu ndi woyera, wonyezimira, ndi fungo lokoma, lomwe limatulutsa madzi oyera amkaka omwe amasanduka achikasu mumlengalenga ndipo amakhala ndi kukoma kowawa. Zamkati zimakhala ndi fungo la zipatso.
Mabalawa ndi 0,5-0,8 cm mulifupi, akutsika pa tsinde, pafupipafupi, oyera, kenako achikasu. Ufa wa spore ndi woyera.
Mitundu yofananira. Malinga ndi kufotokozera, bowa izi zosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana желтый груздь (Lactarius scrobiculatus), yomwe ingakhalenso ndi m'mphepete pang'ono, imakhala yachikasu yagolide kapena yakuda yachikasu, ndipo ilibe fungo lamtundu wa zipatso.
Zodyera, gulu la 1.
Njira zophikira: salting pambuyo chisanadze mankhwala ndi otentha kapena akuwukha, mukhoza pickle. Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala bowa wokondedwa komanso wokoma kwambiri m'dziko lathu.
Onani momwe bowa weniweni amawonekera pazithunzi izi:
Bere lakuda
Bowa wakuda, kapena nigella (Lactarius necator) - chokomera chokonda cha ambiri chifukwa cha crispy state pambuyo pa salting. Bowa umenewu umamera m’madambo kapena pafupi ndi nkhalango yonyowa, nthawi zambiri osati kutali ndi njira za m’nkhalango.
Kodi bowa wakuda amamera kuti: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera, zimapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch, nthawi zambiri zimamera m'magulu.
Nyengo: August-November.
Chipewa cha bowa wamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mainchesi 5-15, nthawi zina mpaka 22 cm, poyambira otukukira, kenako osalala ndi opsinjika pakati, m'mafanizo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, omwe amawongoka ndikuwongoka. chosweka, chomata komanso chomata m'nyengo yamvula komanso mucosa wokhala ndi madera osawoneka bwino. Chosiyanitsa chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wakuda wa kapu: azitona-bulauni kapena wobiriwira-wakuda.
Phesi yake ndi yaifupi, yokhuthala, 3-8 cm wamtali ndi 1,53 cm wandiweyani, yopapatiza, yosalala, yowonda, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi kapu, koma yopepuka pamwamba.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, zamkati za bowa wamitundu iyi ndi zoyera, zofiirira kapena zakuda pakudulidwa:
Zamkatimu zimatulutsa madzi amkaka oyera akuyaka. Ufa wa spore ndi wachikasu.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, amatsikira ku tsinde, amizere-nthambi, yoyera kapena yotumbululuka yachikasu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, amadetsedwa akakanikizidwa.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu, kutengera kukula kwa kukhwima ndi malo, umasiyana kuchokera kukuda kwathunthu mpaka bulauni-wakuda.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Njira zophikira: kuthira mchere mutatha kuchiritsidwa kale powiritsa kapena kuviika. Mukathira mchere, mtundu wa kapu umakhala wofiira kapena wofiirira.
Tsabola
Kukolola bowa wa tsabola (Lactarius piperatus): July-September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 5-15 cm, poyambira otukukira, kenako osalala ndi opsinjika pakati, m'mafanizo achichepere okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, omwe amawongoka ndikukhala wavy. Pamwamba pake ndi oyera, matte, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga ofiira m'chigawo chapakati ndi ming'alu.
Mwendo ndi waufupi, wandiweyani, 3-9 cm wamtali ndi 1,53,5-XNUMX masentimita wandiweyani, wolimba komanso wandiweyani kwambiri, wopendekera m'munsi, ndi malo osalala, okwinya pang'ono.
Mnofu ndi woyera, wolimba, koma wonyezimira, ndi kukoma koyaka, umatulutsa madzi oyera amkaka ndi kukoma kwa peppery, komwe kumakhala kobiriwira kwa azitona kapena bluish mumlengalenga.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amatsika patsinde, oyera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wapinki kapena mawanga ofiira, osatambalala, nthawi zina amakhala ndi foloko.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu, kutengera kukula kwa kukhwima ndi malo, umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zoyera ndi zobiriwira kapena zofiira. Mumlengalenga, thupi loyera limakhala lobiriwira-chikasu.
Mitundu yofananira. Peppercorn amawoneka ngati bowa violin (Lactarius volemus), momwe chipewacho chimakhala ndi zoyera kapena zoyera-kirimu pamwamba, madzi amkaka amakhala oyera, osakhala a caustic, amasanduka bulauni akawuma, mbalezo ndi zonona kapena zoyera.
Njira zophikira: salting pambuyo pochiza chisanadze powiritsa kapena kuthirira.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.