Ma CAW ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo mawonetseredwe awo amasiyana kwambiri. Zomwe amafanana: amadziwika ndi machitidwe akusokoneza kudya komanso ubale ndi chakudya, ndipo ali ndi vuto lalikulu pazaumoyo wa anthu.

Anorexia nervosa (mtundu woletsa kapena wodya kwambiri)

Anorexia ndiye TCA yoyamba kufotokozedwa ndikuzindikiridwa. Timalankhula za anorexia nervosa, kapena manjenje. Amadziwika ndi mantha akulu kukhala wonenepa kapena wonenepa, motero kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuonda, kuletsa zakudya mopitirira muyeso (mpaka kukana kudya), ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi. chithunzi cha thupi. Ndi matenda amisala omwe amakhudza kwambiri amayi (90%) ndipo omwe amawonekera kwambiri paunyamata. Anorexia imaganiza kuti imakhudza atsikana 0,3% mpaka 1%.

Makhalidwe a anorexia ndi awa:

1. Kuletsa mwaufulu kudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi (kapena ngakhale kukana kudya) kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse thupi kwambiri ndipo zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lotsika kwambiri poyerekeza zaka ndi kugonana.
2. Kuopa kwambiri kunenepa kapena kunenepa, ngakhale mutakhala wowonda.
3. Kupotoza kwa mawonekedwe amthupi (kudziwona wekha wonenepa kapena wonenepa pomwe ulibe), kukana kulemera kwenikweni ndi mphamvu yake.

Nthawi zina, anorexia imalumikizidwa ndi magawo a kudya kwambiri (kudya kwambiri), mwachitsanzo, kudya kosakwanira. Kenako munthuyo "amadziyeretsa" kuti athetse zopatsa mphamvu, monga kusanza kapena kumwa mankhwala otsegulitsa m'mimba kapena okodzetsa.

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi chifukwa cha anorexia kumatha kuchititsa zizindikilo zambiri. Mwa amayi achichepere, kusamba nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa thupi (amenorrhea). Zovuta zam'mimba (kudzimbidwa), ulesi, kutopa kapena chilliness, arrhythmias yamtima, zoperewera zamaganizidwe ndi kukanika kwa impso kumatha kuchitika. Munthu akapanda kulandira chithandizo, matenda a anorexia amatha kufa.

Bulimia amanosa

Bulimia ndi TCA yodziwika ndi kudya mopitirira muyeso kapena mopitirira muyeso (kudya kwambiri) komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuyeretsa (kuyesa kuthana ndi chakudya chodya, nthawi zambiri ndikusanza).

Bulimia imakhudza makamaka amayi (pafupifupi 90% ya milandu). Akuyerekeza kuti 1% mpaka 3% ya azimayi amadwala bulimia m'moyo wawo (zitha kukhala zigawo zokha).

Amadziwika ndi:

• kudya mobwerezabwereza (kumeza chakudya chochuluka pasanathe maola awiri, ndikumverera kotaya mphamvu)
• zigawo zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, zopangira kunenepa (kuyeretsa)
• zigawo izi zimachitika kamodzi pamlungu kwa miyezi itatu.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia amakhala onenepa bwino ndipo amabisa "zoyenera" zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta.

Kudya matenda osokoneza bongo

Kudya mopitirira muyeso kapena "kudya mopitirira muyeso" ndikofanana ndi bulimia (kuyamwa koperewera kwa chakudya ndikumverera kuti mulibe mphamvu), koma sikuphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe obwezera, monga kusanza kapena kumwa mankhwala otsegulitsa m'mimba.

Kudya kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi zingapo mwa izi:

• idyani mofulumira kwambiri;
• idyani mpaka mutadzimva "mutakhuta kwambiri";
• idyani chakudya chochuluka ngakhale simunamve njala;
• kudya wekha chifukwa chochita manyazi ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe udya;
• Kudzimva kunyansidwa, kukhumudwa kapena kudziimba mlandu pambuyo poti tidye kwambiri.

Kudya kwambiri kumayenderana ndi kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Kumverera kokhala wokhutira kumakhala kovuta kapena kulibeko.

Akuyerekeza kuti kudya kwambiri (kusuta-kudya, mu Chingerezi) ndi TCA yofala kwambiri. Munthawi ya moyo wawo, 3,5% ya akazi ndi 2% ya amuna angakhudzidwe¹.

Kusankha kudya

Gulu latsopanoli la DSM-5, lomwe ndi lotakata kwambiri, limaphatikizapo kusankha kudya komanso / kapena zovuta zopewa (ARFID, chifukwa Kupewa / Kuletsa Kudyetsa Kudya), zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata. Izi ndizodziwika makamaka makamaka pakusankha kwambiri zakudya: mwana amadya zakudya zina zokha, amazikana kwambiri (chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, mtundu wawo kapena kununkhira kwawo, mwachitsanzo). Kusankha kumeneku kumabweretsa zovuta: kuchepa thupi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zolakwika. Muubwana kapena unyamata, zovuta zakudya izi zimatha kusokoneza kukula ndi kukula.

Matendawa ndi osiyana ndi anorexia chifukwa samalumikizidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuchepa thupi kapena mawonekedwe olakwika amthupi.².

Zambiri zakhala zikufalitsidwa pamutuwu motero ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pakuchuluka kwa mavutowa. Ngakhale amayamba muubwana, nthawi zina amatha kupitilirabe kufikira atakula.

Kuphatikiza apo, kunyansidwa kapena kudana ndi chakudya, pambuyo poti chokha chingachitike, chitha kuchitika mulimonse, ndipo chitha kugawidwa m'gululi.

Pica (kumeza zinthu zosadetsedwa)

Pica ndi vuto lomwe limadziwika ndikulowetsa (kapena kubwereza) kwa zinthu zomwe si chakudya, monga nthaka (geophagy), miyala, sopo, choko, mapepala, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngati ana onse akudutsa gawo lomwe amayika chilichonse chomwe apeza mkamwa, chizolowezichi chimayamba kukhala chamatenda chikapitilira kapena kuwonekeranso mwa ana okulirapo (patatha zaka ziwiri).

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi autism kapena olumala. Zitha kuchitika kwa ana omwe ali muumphawi wadzaoneni, omwe ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena omwe malingaliro awo samakwanira.

Kukula sikudziwika chifukwa chodabwitsa sichinafotokozeredwe mwadongosolo.

Nthawi zina, pica imatha kulumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwachitsulo: munthuyo mosazindikira amafuna kuyamwa zinthu zopanda chakudya zokhala ndi chitsulo, koma mafotokozedwewa amakhalabe otsutsana. Milandu ya pica panthawi yapakati (kumeza nthaka kapena choko) imanenedwanso³, ndipo mchitidwewu ndi gawo limodzi la miyambo yamayiko ena aku Africa ndi South America (kukhulupirira zabwino "zopatsa thanzi" zapadziko lapansi)^4,5.

Merycism (chodabwitsa cha "kuphulika", ndiko kuti kubwezeretsanso ndi kusinthanso)

Merycism ndimavuto akudya osowa omwe amabweretsa kuyambiranso ndi "kupukusa" (kutafuna) chakudya chomwe chidadyedwa kale.

Uku sikukusanza kapena gastroesophageal reflux koma ndikubwezeretsanso mwaufulu chakudya chopukutidwa pang'ono. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika mosavutikira, popanda kukokana m'mimba, mosiyana ndi kusanza.

Matendawa amapezeka makamaka mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lanzeru.

Nthawi zina mphekesera kwa achikulire omwe alibeulemerero zafotokozedwa, koma kuchuluka kwa matendawa sikudziwika.⁶.

Matenda ena

Zovuta zina zakudya zimakhalapo, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizikukwaniritsa njira zomwe zapezeka pamwambapa. Khalidwe lakudya likangobweretsa kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kapena zovuta zamthupi, liyenera kukhala nkhani yothandizirana ndi chithandizo.

Mwachitsanzo, kungakhale kutengeka ndi mitundu ina ya chakudya (mwachitsanzo orthorexia, yomwe imakonda kudya zakudya "zopatsa thanzi", zopanda kunenepa), kapena machitidwe onyansa monga kudya kwambiri usiku, pakati pa ena.