Zakudya za Chitata

Amati Auguste Escoffier anali woyamba kutulutsa mawu oti "zakudya za Chitata". Wobwezeretsanso chimodzimodzi, wotsutsa, wolemba zophikira ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, "mfumu ya ophika ndi ophika mafumu." Menyu yodyerako ku hotelo ya Ritz nthawi ndi nthawi imawoneka mbale za "tartar" - sauces, steaks, nsomba, ndi zina zambiri. Pambuyo pake, maphikidwe awo adaphatikizidwa m'mabuku ake, omwe masiku ano amatchedwa zapamwamba zophikira padziko lapansi. Ndipo ngakhale alibe kufanana kwenikweni ndi zakudya zenizeni za Chitata, pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi zimawagwirizana nawo, osakayikira kuti, ayenera kukhala ovuta, osangalatsa komanso osiyanasiyana.

History

Zakudya zamakono za Chitata ndizolemera kwambiri muzinthu, mbale ndi maphikidwe awo, koma sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Zoona zake n’zakuti kale anthu a mtundu wa Chitata anali anthu osamukasamuka omwe ankathera nthawi yawo yambiri akuchita ndawala. Ndicho chifukwa chake maziko a zakudya zawo anali chinthu chokhutiritsa komanso chotsika mtengo - nyama. Nyama ya akavalo, nkhosa ndi ng’ombe zinkadyedwa mwamwambo. Iwo anali stewed, yokazinga, yophika, mchere, kusuta, zouma kapena zouma. Mwachidule tinganene kuti ankakonza chakudya chokoma komanso kukonzekera zoti adzagwiritse ntchito m’tsogolo. Pamodzi ndi anthu a mtundu wa Chitata ankakondanso zinthu za mkaka, zomwe ankadya okha kapena kuphika zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi (kumis) ndi zakudya zokoma (kruta, kapena tchizi ta mchere).

Kuphatikiza apo, poyang'ana madera atsopano, adabwereka mbale zatsopano kwa oyandikana nawo. Zotsatira zake, nthawi ina pa dogarkhan, kapena nsalu za patebulo, mikate ya ufa, tiyi wosiyanasiyana, uchi, zipatso zouma, mtedza ndi zipatso. Pambuyo pake, pomwe oyendayenda oyambilira adayamba kuzolowera moyo wongokhala, zakudya za nkhuku nawonso zidatulukira mu zakudya za Chitata, ngakhale sanakwanitse kutenga malo apadera. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, a Chitata adalima rye, tirigu, buckwheat, oats, nandolo, mapira, anali kuchita nawo ulimi wa ndiwo zamasamba ndi ulimi wa njuchi, zomwe, zowonadi, zimawonetsedwa pakudya kwawo. Chifukwa chake, chimanga ndi mbale zamasamba zidawonekera patebulo la anthu am'deralo, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakhala mbale zammbali.

Mawonekedwe

Zakudya za Chitata zinayamba msanga. Komanso, panthawiyi, idakhudzidwa kwambiri osati ndi zochitika zakale zokha, komanso zikhalidwe zophikira za oyandikana nawo. Nthawi zingapo, zakudya zotchuka za ku Russia, Udmurts, Mari, anthu aku Central Asia, makamaka Tajiks ndi Uzbeks, zidayamba kulowa mkati mwake. Koma izi sizinapangitse kuti ziwonjezeke, m'malo mwake, zidakhala zolemera ndikuphuka. Pofufuza zakudya za Chitata lero, titha kuwunikira mawonekedwe ake akulu:

• kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafuta. Kuyambira kale, ankakonda mbewu ndi nyama (ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, kavalo, mafuta a nkhuku), komanso ghee ndi batala, zomwe amakometsako chakudya mowolowa manja. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pafupifupi palibe chomwe chasintha kuyambira pamenepo - zakudya za Chitata sizingaganizidwe masiku ano zopanda mafuta, supu zolemera ndi chimanga;
• Kuchotsa dala mowa ndi mitundu ina ya nyama (nyama ya nkhumba, kabawi ndi nyama yansomba) pazakudya, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha miyambo yachipembedzo. Mfundo ndiyakuti Atatar ndi Asilamu;
• kukonda zakudya zamadzi zotentha - msuzi, msuzi;
• kuthekera kophika mbale zapadziko lonse mu kapu kapena kapu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha njira ya moyo wa anthu onse, chifukwa kwanthawi yayitali imakhalabe yosamukasamuka;
• maphikidwe ambiri okaphika mitundu yoyambira ndimitundu yonse yodzazidwa, yomwe mwachizolowezi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tiyi wosiyanasiyana;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito bowa moyenera chifukwa cha mbiri yakale. Chizoloŵezi cha chidwi chawo chawonedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka pakati pa anthu okhala m'mizinda;

Njira zofunika kuphika:

Mwinanso chosangalatsa kwambiri pachakudya cha Chitata ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zokoma komanso zosangalatsa. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi mizu yabwino komanso mbiri yawo. Chifukwa chake, phala wamba wamapira kamodzi kanali chakudya chamwambo. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi singayime ndikusintha kwazonse, mndandanda wazakudya zotchuka za Atata komanso alendo awo amakonda sizisintha. Mwachikhalidwe zimaphatikizapo:

Zotayira. Mofanana ndi ife, Atatari amazikanda kuchokera ku chotupitsa chopanda chofufumitsa, komabe, amagwiritsa ntchito nyama yosungunuka ndi ndiwo zamasamba monga kudzazidwa, komanso amawonjezeranso njere za hemp. Nthawi zambiri, zodula zimakonzedwa tchuthi kapena alendo ofunikira.

Belish ndi chitumbuwa chotseguka chokhala ndi nyama ya bakha, mpunga ndi anyezi.

Shurpa ndi msuzi wachi Chitata, womwe, umafanana ndi msuzi wokhala ndi nyama, Zakudyazi ndi masamba.

Azu ndi mbale ya nyama yokhala ndi masamba.

Eles ndi chitumbuwa chozungulira chodzaza nkhuku, mbatata ndi anyezi.

Chitata pilaf - yokonzedwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe kapena mwanawankhosa mumtsuko wakuya wokhala ndi mafuta ndi masamba ambiri azinyama. Nthawi zina zipatso zimatha kuwonjezeredwa, zomwe zimawapatsa kukoma.

Tutyrma ndi soseji yokometsera yomwe imapangidwa ndi zokometsera zonunkhira.

Chak-chak ndi chotupitsa cha uchi chomwe chatchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa anthu am'deralo, ndi chakudya chokoma chomwe mkwatibwi amabweretsa kunyumba kwa mkwati.

Chebureks ndi ma pie ophika ndi nyama, zomwe zidasandulika dziko la anthu aku Mongolia komanso aku Turkic.

Echpochmaki - ma pie ang'onoang'ono atapakidwa mbatata ndi nyama.

Koimak - yisiti mtanda zikondamoyo zomwe zophikidwa mu uvuni.

Tunterma ndi omelet yopangidwa ndi ufa kapena semolina.

Gubadiya ndi chitumbuwa chachitali chozungulira chodzaza ndi kanyumba kambiri, mpunga ndi zipatso zouma.

Ayran ndi chakumwa chadzikoli, chomwe ndi katyk wosakaniza (chotupitsa mkaka).