Zaka za "Ine" kapena zaka za "ife"?

Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu, kusungulumwa kwasanduka vuto lalikulu la anthu. Kalelo koyambirira kwa 2010s, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa VTsIOM, 13% ya anthu aku Russia adadzitcha okha osungulumwa. Ndipo mu 2016, 74% adavomereza kale kuti alibe ubwenzi weniweni, wamoyo wonse, 72% sanakhulupirire ena. Izi ndizomwe zili ku Russia konse, mu megacities vuto ndilovuta kwambiri.

Anthu okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu (ngakhale omwe ali ndi mabanja) amasungulumwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi okhalamo ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo akazi ndi osungulumwa kuposa amuna. Mkhalidwewu ndi wodetsa nkhawa. Yakwana nthawi yokumbukira kuti tonse ndife nyama zamagulu, ndipo kwa ife kulankhulana si njira yopewera kunyong'onyeka, koma kufunikira kofunikira kuti tipulumuke.

Yathu «Ine» akhoza kukhalapo kokha chifukwa cha ena amene amatsagana nawo, kuthandiza kupanga. Ndi chifukwa chakuti chitukuko cha teknoloji chimayambitsa kuyambika kwa mitundu yatsopano yolumikizirana: malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akupangidwa, chiwerengero cha mabwalo okhudzidwa chikuwonjezeka, gulu lodzipereka likukula, chithandizo chamagulu chikukula, pamene ife padziko lonse lapansi timatayidwa. , “ambiri mmene tingathere” kuti tithandize ovutika.

Mwinamwake, nthawi yomwe chinthu chachikulu chinali "Ine, wanga", chikusinthidwa ndi nthawi yomwe "ife, athu" akulamulira. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, malingaliro a munthu payekha anali akudzitsimikizira okha m'maganizo mwa anthu aku Russia. M'lingaliro limeneli, tikugwira Kumadzulo. Koma zaka zosakwana makumi awiri zapita, ndipo tikututa zipatso zavuto lalikulu: kuwonjezeka kwa kuvutika maganizo, kuwawidwa mtima, ndi chisokonezo.

Zonsezi, pogwiritsa ntchito tanthawuzo la katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu Alain Ehrenberg, ndi chizindikiro cha "kutopa pokhala wekha", komanso kutopa kwa "I", yemwe ankakhulupirira kwambiri mphamvu zake zonse. Kodi tingathamangire kupitirira malire? Kapena muyang'ane tanthauzo la golide?

Yathu «Ine» si yoyenda yokha

Chikhulupiriro cha «Ine», chomwe sichifuna kuti aliyense akhalepo, kusangalala, kuganiza, kulenga, kumakhazikika m'maganizo mwathu. Posachedwapa pa Facebook (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia), wogwiritsa ntchito wina adanena kuti kalembedwe ka kasamalidwe kameneka kamakhudza moyo wa ogwira ntchito pakampani. Iye analemba kuti: “Palibe amene angandiletse kukhala wosangalala ngati ndasankha kuchita zimenezi. Ndi chinyengo chotani nanga: kuganiza kuti dziko lathu liri lodziyimira palokha ku chilengedwe ndi anthu ozungulira!

Kuyambira kubadwa, timakhala pansi pa chizindikiro chodalira ena. Mwana si kanthu pokhapokha ngati atamugwira ndi mayi ake, monga mmene katswiri wofufuza za maganizo a ana Donald Winnicott ankanenera. Munthu ndi wosiyana ndi zinyama zina: kuti akhalepo kwathunthu, ayenera kukhumbidwa, ayenera kukumbukiridwa ndi kuganiziridwa. Ndipo amayembekeza zonsezi kwa anthu ambiri: abale, abwenzi ...

Malingaliro athu, momwe timakhalira amapangidwa ndi chilengedwe, chikhalidwe, mbiri. Wathu «Ine» si paokha osati kudzidalira. Timafunikira mawu a munthu wina, mawonekedwe akunja, kuti tizindikire umunthu wathu.

Munthu wamkulu ndi mwana wamng'ono amaima patsogolo pa galasi. “Mwaona? Ndiwe!» - wamkulu amaloza ku kusinkhasinkha. Ndipo mwanayo akuseka, akudzizindikira yekha. Tonse tadutsa mu gawo ili, lomwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Jacques Lacan adatcha "galasi siteji." Popanda izo, chitukuko sichingatheke.

chisangalalo ndi kuopsa kwa kulankhulana

Komabe, nthawi zina timafunika kukhala tokha. Timakonda nthawi yokhala patokha, imathandizira kulota uli maso. Kuonjezera apo, kutha kupirira kusungulumwa popanda kugwa m'maganizo kapena nkhawa ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi labwino. Koma kusangalala kwathu kukhala patokha kuli ndi malire. Iwo omwe amachoka kudziko lapansi, amadzikonzera okha kusinkhasinkha kwakutali kwakutali, kupita paulendo wapanyanja yekhayekha, amayamba kuvutika ndi ziwonetsero m'malo mwachangu.

Ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti, ziribe kanthu malingaliro athu ozindikira, athu «Ine» onse amafuna kampani. Akaidi amatumizidwa kundende yayekha kuti aphwanye chifuniro chawo. Kusalankhulana kumayambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi khalidwe. Daniel Defoe, mlembi wa Robinson Crusoe, sanali wankhanza kwambiri kuti apangitse ngwazi yake kukhala mkaidi yekhayekha pachilumba chachipululu. Anabwera ndi Friday kwa iye.

Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani timalota zilumba zopanda anthu zomwe zili kutali ndi chitukuko? Chifukwa ngakhale kuti timafuna ena, nthawi zambiri timayambana nawo. Winayo ndi wina ngati ife, m’bale wathu, komanso mdani wathu. Freud akufotokoza chodabwitsa ichi m'nkhani yake "Kusakhutira ndi Culture": tiyenera wina, koma ali ndi zofuna zosiyana. Timalakalaka kukhalapo kwake, koma kumachepetsa ufulu wathu. Zimadzetsa chisangalalo ndi zokhumudwitsa.

Timawopa kuukiridwa kosaitanidwa ndi kusiyidwa. Wanthanthi Wachijeremani Arthur Schopenhauer anatiyerekezera ndi nungu patsiku lozizira: timayandikira abale athu pafupi kuti tiwothere kutentha, koma timavulazana ndi mikwingwirima. Ndi ena onga ife, tiyenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse mtunda wotetezeka: osati pafupi kwambiri, osati patali kwambiri.

Mphamvu ya mgwirizano

Monga gulu, timamva kuti luso lathu likuchuluka. Tili ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu zambiri. Kugwirizana, kuopa kuchotsedwa pagulu, nthawi zambiri kumatilepheretsa kuganiza pamodzi, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, munthu mmodzi akhoza kukhala wogwira mtima kuposa chikwi.

Koma pamene gulu likufuna kukhalapo ndendende monga gulu, pamene limasonyeza chifuno cha kuchitapo kanthu, limapereka chichirikizo champhamvu kwa mamembala ake. Izi zimachitikanso m'magulu ochiritsira, pokambirana pamodzi za mavuto, m'magulu othandizirana.

M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Jean-Paul Sartre analemba "Gehena ndi Ena" mu sewero la Behind Closed Doors. Koma namu ndi mmene anayankhira ponena za mawu ake: “Zimakhulupirira kuti mwa ichi ndinafuna kunena kuti maunansi athu ndi ena amakhala oipitsidwa nthaŵi zonse, kuti nthaŵi zonse uŵa ndi unansi wa helo. Ndipo ndimafuna kunena kuti ngati maubwenzi ndi ena asokonezedwa, aipitsidwa, ndiye kuti ena akhoza kukhala gehena. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ena alidi ofunika kwambiri mwa ife eni.”