Akatswiri a zamaganizo akhala akuganiza kuti miyezi yoyamba pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso la kulankhulana kwathunthu, chikondi ndi ubwenzi, komanso kupanga maubwenzi okhazikika. Tsopano lingaliro ili lalandira chitsimikiziro chachindunji cha biochemical.
Ana amene saonana ndi makolo awo atangobadwa kumene amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhalira opunduka m’maganizo, m’maganizo ndi m’makhalidwe awo kwa moyo wonse. Ngakhale kupeza banja latsopano lathunthu ndi makolo olera achikondi sikutsimikizira kukonzanso kwathunthu ngati mwanayo adakhala zaka 1-2 za moyo ku malo osungira ana amasiye.
Mawu okhumudwitsa oterowo anafikiridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri a zamaganizo lotsogozedwa ndi Seth D. Pollak wa pa yunivesite ya Wisconsin (Madison, USA), amene anafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo m’magazini asayansi olemekezeka kwambiri — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sayansi yaku USA (PNAS).
Zimadziwika kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga maubwenzi okhazikika komanso olemera m'malingaliro amaseweredwa ndi ma neuropeptides - zinthu zozindikiritsa zomwe zimatsimikizira momwe anthu amamvera komanso nyama zapamwamba. Nkovuta kumvera chisoni munthu amene ubwenzi wake umatichititsa kukhala ndi maganizo olakwika kapena osayambitsa chilichonse. Kulumikizana ndi wokondedwa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ma neuropeptides achuluke (makamaka oxytocin) mu cerebrospinal fluid ndi magazi. Kupanda kutero, simudzapeza chisangalalo kapena chisangalalo kuchokera m’kukambitsirana, ngakhale mutamvetsetsa ndi malingaliro anu chimene iye ali munthu wodabwitsa ndi ubwino wochuluka wakuchitirani inu.
Zonsezi si za anthu okha ayi. Mu zinyama zina (kuphatikiza mitundu yomwe ili ndi mabanja amtundu umodzi), dongosolo lomwelo la mahomoni owongolera limakhala ndi udindo wopanga zolumikizira zokhazikika, zomwe, kuchokera kumalingaliro am'magazi, sizili zosiyana ndi chikondi chamunthu.
Pollack ndi anzake adaphunzira chitsanzo cha ana 18 omwe kale anali amasiye omwe anakhala miyezi yoyamba kapena zaka za moyo ku nyumba ya ana amasiye (kuyambira miyezi 7 mpaka 42, pafupifupi 16,6), ndiyeno anatengedwa kapena kutengedwa ndi anthu olemera, olemera. mabanja. Pofika nthawi yoyeserayi, ana anali atakhala miyezi 10 mpaka 48 (36,4 pafupifupi) pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinoyi. Monga «ulamuliro» ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ana okhala ndi makolo awo chibadwire.
Ofufuzawo anayeza milingo ya ma neuropeptides awiri ofunikira okhudzana ndi ubale (mwa anthu ndi nyama): oxytocin ndi vasopressin. Chowunikira kwambiri pa kafukufukuyu chinali chakuti kuchuluka kwa ma neuropeptides sikunayesedwe mu cerebrospinal fluid komanso osati m'magazi (monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zotere), koma mumkodzo. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri ntchitoyi ndikupangitsa kuti asavulaze ana poyesa magazi mobwerezabwereza, kapenanso kuposa, cerebrospinal fluid. Kumbali inayi, izi zidabweretsa zovuta zina kwa omwe adalemba kafukufukuyu. Osati anzawo onse amavomereza mawu akuti kuchuluka kwa ma neuropeptides mumkodzo ndi chizindikiro chokwanira cha kuchuluka kwa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu izi m'thupi. Ma peptides ndi osakhazikika, ndipo ambiri a iwo amatha kuwonongeka m'magazi asanalowe mkodzo. Olembawo sanachite maphunziro apadera kuti atsimikizire kugwirizana pakati pa milingo ya neuropeptides m'magazi ndi mkodzo, amangotchula zolemba ziwiri zakale (1964 ndi 1987), zomwe zimapereka deta yoyesera yomwe imathandizira malingaliro awo.
Mwanjira ina, zidapezeka kuti mulingo wa vasopressin mwa ana amasiye ndiotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi "kunyumba" ana.
Chithunzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinapezedwa cha "communicative" neuropeptide - oxytocin. Mulingo woyambira wa chinthu ichi unali wofanana ndi omwe kale anali amasiye komanso gulu lolamulira. Kuyesera komwe kunakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo kunali motere: ana ankasewera masewera a pakompyuta atakhala pamiyendo ya amayi awo (wamba kapena olera), kenako mlingo wa oxytocin mumkodzo unayesedwa ndikufanizidwa ndi "zoyambira" zomwe zimayesedwa zisanayambe kuyesa. Panthaŵi ina, ana amodzimodziwo anali kusewera pamiyendo ya mkazi wachilendo.
Zinapezeka kuti mlingo wa oxytocin moonekera ukuwonjezeka "kunyumba" ana pambuyo kulankhulana ndi mayi awo, pamene kusewera limodzi ndi mkazi wachilendo sikuchititsa zimenezi. Kwa ana amasiye omwe kale anali amasiye, oxytocin sanali kuwonjezeka mwina chifukwa chokumana ndi mayi wowalera kapena kulankhulana ndi mlendo.
Zotsatira zomvetsa chisonizi zimasonyeza kuti kuthekera kosangalala ndi kulankhulana ndi wokondedwa, mwachiwonekere, kumapangidwa m'miyezi yoyamba ya moyo. Ana aang'ono olandidwa panthawi yovutayi ya chinthu chofunika kwambiri - kukhudzana ndi makolo awo - angakhalebe osauka m'maganizo moyo wawo wonse, zidzakhala zovuta kuti azolowere pagulu ndikupanga banja lathunthu.