mawu oyambirira
Mafuta a masamba oyengedwa amachokera ku mbewu za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mafuta ambewu ndi polyunsaturated, kutanthauza kuti ndi madzi kutentha firiji.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamafuta amasamba oyengedwa bwino, kuphatikiza mafuta a canola kapena canola, mafuta a soya, mafuta a chimanga, mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mafuta a safflower, ndi mafuta a mtedza.
Mawu akuti "mafuta amasamba" amatanthauza mitundu yambiri yamafuta omwe amachokera ku kanjedza, chimanga, soya kapena mpendadzuwa.
masamba mafuta m'zigawo ndondomeko
Njira yochotsera mafuta a masamba ku mbewu si ya squeamish. Yang'anani pa magawo a ndondomekoyi ndikudzipangira nokha ngati ichi ndi chinthu chomwe mungafune kudya.
Chifukwa chake, mbewu zimasonkhanitsidwa poyamba, monga soya, rapeseed, thonje, mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Kwa mbali zambiri, mbewu zimenezi zimachokera ku zomera zomwe zapangidwa kuti zisagwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda.
Mbewu zimatsukidwa ndi mankhusu, dothi ndi fumbi, ndiyeno zimaphwanyidwa.
Mbewu zophwanyidwa zimatenthedwa kutentha kwa madigiri 110-180 mumtsuko wa nthunzi kuti ayambe ntchito yochotsa mafuta.
Kenaka, mbewuzo zimayikidwa mu makina osindikizira ambiri, momwe mafuta amafinyidwa kuchokera ku zamkati pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukangana.
Hexane
Kenako zamkati zambewu ndi mafuta zimayikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi zosungunulira za hexane ndikuzitsuka pamadzi osambira kuti mufinyize mafuta owonjezera.
Hexane imapezeka popanga mafuta osapsa. Ndi mankhwala oletsa kupweteka pang'ono. Kukoka mpweya wambiri wa hexane kumabweretsa chisangalalo chochepa chotsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro monga kugona, kupweteka mutu ndi nseru. Kuopsa kwa hexane kosatha kwawoneka mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito hexane posangalala, komanso ogwira ntchito kufakitale ya nsapato, obwezeretsa mipando, ndi ogwira ntchito zamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito hexane ngati zomatira. Zizindikiro zoyamba za poyizoni zimaphatikizapo tinnitus, kukokana m'manja ndi miyendo, kenako kufooka kwa minofu. Pazovuta kwambiri, atrophy ya minofu imapezeka, komanso kutayika kwa mgwirizano ndi kuwonongeka kwa maso. Mu 2001, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency linapereka lamulo loletsa mpweya wa hexane chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowononga khansa komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
zina processing
Kusakaniza kwa mbewu ndi mafuta kumadutsa mu centrifuge ndipo phosphate amawonjezeredwa kuti ayambe kulekanitsa mafuta ndi keke.
Pambuyo pochotsa zosungunulira, mafuta osakhwima amalekanitsidwa ndipo chosungunuliracho chimasanduka nthunzi ndikubwezedwanso. Makukha amakonzedwa kuti apeze zinthu zina monga chakudya cha ziweto.
Mafuta a masamba amasamba amasinthidwanso, kuphatikizapo degumming, alkalizing ndi bleaching.
Kuchotsa madzi. Panthawi imeneyi, madzi amawonjezeredwa ku mafuta. Mukamaliza kuchita, ma hydrous phosphatides amatha kupatulidwa ndi decantation (decantation) kapena centrifuge. Panthawiyi, madzi ambiri osungunuka komanso ngakhale gawo laling'ono la phosphatides lopanda madzi limachotsedwa. Ma resin ochotsedwa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala lecithin kuti apange chakudya kapena pazaukadaulo.
Kuboola. Mafuta acids aliwonse, phospholipids, inki ndi sera mumafuta ochotsedwa amatsogolera kumafuta oxidation ndi mitundu yosafunika ndi zokometsera pazomaliza. Zonyansazi zimachotsedwa pothira mafuta ndi caustic soda kapena phulusa la soda. Zonyansa zimakhazikika pansi ndikuchotsedwa. Mafuta oyengedwa amakhala opepuka mumtundu, alibe viscous komanso amakonda kutulutsa okosijeni.
Bleaching. Cholinga cha bleaching ndi kuchotsa zinthu zamitundu mitundu mu mafuta. Mafuta otenthetsera amathiridwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothirira madzi, monga makala odzaza, otenthetsera ndi dongo. Zonyansa zambiri, kuphatikizapo chlorophyll ndi carotenoids, sizimakhudzidwa ndi njirayi ndikuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera. Komabe, kuthirira kumawonjezera kutsekemera kwamafuta chifukwa ma antioxidants ena achilengedwe ndi zakudya zimachotsedwa pamodzi ndi zonyansa.