Kuthwanima kwa maso, kuluma milomo, shrugs, tics, mayendedwe osalamulirikawa amakhudza akulu ndi ana. Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani? Kodi pali mankhwala aliwonse? 

Ma tic ndi mayendedwe adzidzidzi, osafunikira minofu. Amakhala obwerezabwereza, osinthasintha, a polymorphic ndi osalamulirika ndipo makamaka amakhudza nkhope. Ma tic si zotsatira za matenda koma akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ena monga Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Amachulukitsidwa panthawi ya nkhawa, mkwiyo ndi nkhawa.

Pakati pa 3 ndi 15% ya ana amakhudzidwa ndi anyamata ambiri. Nthawi zambiri amawoneka pakati pa 4 ndi 8 wazaka zakubadwa, zomwe zimatchedwa mawu kapena mawu omveka amawoneka mochedwa kuposa ma motor tics. Kuopsa kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa zaka 8 ndi 12. Ma tic, kawirikawiri mwa ana, amatha mu theka la maphunziro a zaka zapakati pa 18. Ma tic awa amatchedwa osakhalitsa, pamene ma tic omwe amapitirizabe kukula amatchedwa "osatha".

Ma tic amatha kuwoneka panthawi yakusintha monga:

• kubwerera kusukulu,
• kusuntha nyumba,
• nthawi yopanikiza.

Chilengedwe chingakhalenso ndi gawo chifukwa ma tic ena amapezedwa motsanzira ndi oyandikana nawo. Ma tic amaipitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhawa komanso kusowa tulo.

Ofufuza ena amalingalira kuti ma tic amayamba chifukwa cha vuto la neuronal maturity. Chiyambi ichi chikhoza kufotokozera kutha kwa ma tics ambiri akakula, koma sichinatsimikizidwebe mwasayansi.

Pali magulu osiyanasiyana a tics:

• motere,
• mawu,
• yosavuta
• .

Zosavuta tics

Ma tic osavuta amawonetsedwa ndi kusuntha kwadzidzidzi kapena kumveka, mwachidule, koma nthawi zambiri kumafuna kulimbikitsa minofu imodzi yokha (kuthwanima kwa maso, kuyeretsa pakhosi).

Zovuta zamagalimoto

Ma motor tics ovuta amalumikizidwa. Iwo "amaphatikizapo minofu ingapo ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni: amawoneka ngati mayendedwe achibadwa ovuta koma kubwerezabwereza kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunika" akufotokoza Dr. Francine Lussier, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi wolemba buku lakuti "Tics? OCD? Mavuto ophulika? ”. Izi ndi, mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe monga kugwedeza mutu mobwerezabwereza, kugwedezeka, kudumpha, kubwereza manja kwa ena (echopraxia), kapena kuzindikira zamatsenga (copropraxia).

Zovuta za mawu 

“Mawu ovuta a mawu amadziŵika ndi katsatidwe ka mawu kake koma amaikidwa m’mawu osayenera: kubwereza mawu, chinenero chachilendo, kutsekeka kumene kumasonyeza chibwibwi, kubwerezabwereza mawu (palilalia), kubwereza mawu omveka ( echolalia), katchulidwe ka mawu otukwana. (coprolalia) ”malinga ndi French Society of Pediatrics.

Mafupipafupi a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa a tics ndipo amakhudza 0,5% mpaka 3% ya ana. Ndi matenda a ubongo omwe ali ndi gawo la majini. Imawonekera ndi ma motor tic komanso mawu amodzi omwe amakula ali mwana ndikupitilira moyo wawo wonse kutengera malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zokakamiza (OCDs), kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe. 

Komabe, akuluakulu, monga ana, amatha kudwala matenda osachiritsika osapezeka kuti Gilles de la Tourette. "Ma tic osavuta si chizindikiro cha Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino" akutsimikizira katswiri wa neuropsychologist.

OCDs

Ma OCD kapena zovuta zokakamiza kwambiri ndizobwerezabwereza komanso zopanda nzeru koma machitidwe osatsutsika. Malinga ndi kunena kwa INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research) “anthu amene akudwala OCD amanyanyira ndi ukhondo, dongosolo, kugwirizana kapena amaloŵetsedwa ndi kukaikira ndi mantha opanda nzeru. Kuti achepetse nkhawa, amachita miyambo yotsuka, kutsuka kapena kuyang'ana maola angapo tsiku lililonse pakagwa zoopsa ”. OCD ndi chizoloŵezi chomwe sichiyenera kusintha kwa wodwala, pamene tic imakhala yodzidzimutsa komanso mwachisawawa ndipo imasintha pakapita nthawi.

Tichuthi

Mosiyana ndi ma OCD, ma tic ndikuyenda mwachisawawa koma opanda lingaliro lovuta. Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi 2% ya anthu ndipo amayamba mu 65% ya milandu asanakwanitse zaka 25. Angathe kuchiritsidwa mwa kumwa mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo komanso amafunanso thandizo la psychotherapist. Mankhwalawa makamaka amayesetsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kulola moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuchepetsa kutaya kwa nthawi yokhudzana ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza a miyambo.

Ma tic nthawi zambiri amatha pakatha chaka. Kupitilira malire awa, amatha kukhala osatha, chifukwa chake, osavulaza, kapena kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda. Zingakhale bwino pankhaniyi kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo a ana, makamaka ngati tics ikutsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zina monga kusokonezeka kwa chidwi, hyperactivity kapena OCDs. Ngati mukukayika, ndizotheka kupanga electroencephalogram (EEG).

Pezani chifukwa cha tics

"Sitiyenera kulanga, kapena kufunafuna kulanga mwana yemwe akudwala tics: izi zimangomupangitsa kukhala wamantha kwambiri ndikuwonjezera malingaliro ake" akutero Francine Lussier. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kutsimikizira mwanayo ndikuyang'ana zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ndi nkhawa. Popeza kusunthako sikungochitika zokha, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa banja la wodwalayo komanso gulu lake.

Perekani chithandizo chamaganizo

Thandizo lamaganizo lingaperekedwe komanso chithandizo cha khalidwe kwa okalamba. Samalani, komabe: "mankhwala amankhwala ayenera kukhalabe apadera" amatchula French Society of Pediatrics. Kuchiza ndikofunikira pamene ma tic akulephereka, opweteka kapena osathandiza. Ndiye n'zotheka kupereka mankhwala ndi Clonidine. Pakachitika vuto lalikulu komanso kusokonezeka kogwirizana ndi chidwi, methylphenidate ikhoza kuperekedwa. Pazovuta zamakhalidwe, risperidone ndiyothandiza. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi ma OCD owononga, sertraline amaperekedwa. 

Yesetsani kupuma

Ndikothekanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma tic popumula, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusewera chida. Ma tics amatha kulamuliridwa pakanthawi kochepa kwambiri koma pamtengo wokhazikika kwambiri. Iwo amatha kuyambiranso pambuyo pake.