Module ya nthawi mu Python 3. Njira zazikulu, ma templates, zitsanzo

Pafupifupi pulogalamu iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi. Ku Python, laibulale yosiyana yapangidwira izi - nthawiamagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuti izi zitheke, ziyenera kulengezedwa koyambirira kwa code. Mzerewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:

nthawi yoitanitsa

Tiyeni tilingalire zosankha zosiyanasiyana za momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito gawoli moyenera pochita. 

Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa masekondi kuyambira nthawiyo

Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, pali ntchito nthawi() zomwe sizitengera magawo. Mtengo wake wobwerera ndi kuchuluka kwa masekondi apita kuchokera pa January 1, 1970. Ku Python, nthawi ino imatchedwa chiyambi cha nthawi. Osachepera mu machitidwe opangira a banja la Unix.

Ponena za Windows, tsikulo ndi lomwelo, koma pakhoza kukhala mavuto ndi makhalidwe oipa omwe analipo tsikuli lisanafike. 

Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi UTC.

nthawi yoitanitsa

masekondi = nthawi.time()

sindikiza ("Masekondi kuyambira nthawi =", masekondi)

Kuvuta kwa ntchitoyi ndikuti sikuwonetsa tsiku lenileni, koma kuchuluka kwa masekondi. Kuti musinthe kukhala mawonekedwe odziwika kwa aliyense, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cholondola. Kwa izi, ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi.ctime().

Kubwezera tsiku, nthawi mumpangidwe wamba

Kubweza nthawi mu mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi, pali njira nthawi.ctime(). Mabulaketi amawonetsa kusintha kapena nambala yosonyeza kuchuluka kwa masekondi omwe adutsa kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi. Njirayi imabweretsanso deti ndi nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza deti, chaka, kuchuluka kwa maola, mphindi, masekondi, ndi tsiku la sabata.

Ntchitoyi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanda mikangano. Pankhaniyi, imabweza tsiku lomwe lilipo, nthawi, ndi zina zotero.

Pano pali kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamasonyeza izi.

nthawi yoitanitsa

sindikiza (nthawi.ctime())

Lachiwiri Oct 23 10:18:23 2018

Mzere womaliza ndi womwe umasindikizidwa ku console komwe womasulira wa Python akuyenda. Njirayi imangopanga nambala yolandila ya masekondi kukhala mawonekedwe odziwika bwino. Zowona, zinthu zonse zomwe tafotokozazi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Monga lamulo, muyenera kupeza nthawi yokhayo, kapena tsiku la lero. Kwa izi, ntchito yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito - strftime (). Koma tisanaganizire, tiyenera kugawa kalasi nthawi.struct_time.

nthawi ya kalasi.struct_time

Ili ndi gulu la mikangano yomwe ingavomerezedwe ndi njira zingapo. Ilibe njira iliyonse. Ndi tuple yokhala ndi mawonekedwe otchulidwa. Mwachidule, zinthu za kalasi iyi zitha kupezeka ndi dzina komanso ndi nambala yolozera.

Zili ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa.

Chenjerani! Mosiyana ndi zilankhulo zina zingapo, pano mwezi ukhoza kuyambira 1 mpaka 12, osati kuchokera pa ziro mpaka 11.

Kubwezeretsa Format Yeniyeni

Kugwiritsa ntchito strftime () mutha kupeza chaka, mwezi, tsiku, ola, mphindi, masekondi payekha ndikubwezeretsanso ku chingwe chalemba. Ndiye akhoza kusindikizidwa kwa wosuta ntchito ntchito sindikiza () kapena kukonzedwa mwanjira ina.

Monga mkangano, ntchito imatha kutenga kusintha kulikonse komwe kumatenga mtengo wobwezedwa ndi ntchito zina za gawoli. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusamutsa nthawi yakumaloko (zidzakambidwa pambuyo pake), pomwe idzatulutsa zofunikira.

Nayi kaduka kakang'ono komwe timachitira.

nthawi yoitanitsa

dzina_tuple = time.localtime() # get struct_time

time_string = time.strftime(«%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S», dzina_tuple)

sindikiza (nthawi_string)

Ngati mutayendetsa kachidindo kameneka, tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe ilipo zidzawonetsedwa. Maonekedwe ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu zikhoza kusinthidwa. Iwo ali motere:

1. %Y ndi chaka.
2. %m ndi mwezi.
3. %d - tsiku.
4. %H - nthawi.
5. %M - mphindi.
6. %S - kachiwiri.

Chifukwa chake, mutha kupanga kuti zotulukazo zikhale za mwezi ndi tsiku. Kuti muchite izi, simukusowa kuti mupereke lamulo kuti muwonetse chaka. Ndiko kuti, lembani mu fomula ili pamwambapa ngati mkangano %m/%d, ndipo ndi momwemo. Kapena mosemphanitsa, %d/%m. 

M'malo mwake, chiwerengero cha zingwe zenizeni ndizokulirapo. Pano pali tebulo pamene akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Imitsani ulusi kwa masekondi angapo

Kwa izi, ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugona (). Chida chachikulu cha ntchito zamapulogalamu chimalumikizidwa ndi kupita kwa nthawi. Nthawi zina muyenera kuchedwetsa sitepe yotsatira kwa nthawi inayake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kulumikizana ndi database yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ichitike.

Monga mkangano, njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mtengo womwe umawonetsa kuchuluka kwa masekondi kuti achedwetse sitepe yotsatira kuchokera ku algorithm.

Mwachitsanzo, m'chidutswachi, kuchedwa ndi masekondi 10.

nthawi yoitanitsa

kupuma = 10

sindikiza ("Pulogalamu idayamba ...")

nthawi.gona (pause)

sindikiza (str(pause) + »masekondi adutsa.»)

Chifukwa chake, tipeza izi:

Pulogalamu idayamba…

10 masekondi anadutsa.

Monga tikuwonera pazotulutsa, pulogalamuyo imanena koyamba kuti yayamba. Ndipo patatha masekondi khumi, analemba kuti nthawiyi yadutsa.

Ntchitoyi imakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera nthawi yopumira mu ma milliseconds. Kuti tichite izi, timagwiritsa ntchito magawo a magawo a ntchitoyo kugona. Mwachitsanzo, 0,1. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchedwa kudzakhala 100 milliseconds.

Pezani nthawi yanu

Pogwiritsa ntchito localtime () ntchito, pulogalamuyi imapeza kuchuluka kwa masekondi kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi mu nthawi yeniyeni. 

Tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo cha code kuti timveke bwino.

nthawi yoitanitsa

zotsatira = nthawi.localtime(1575721830)

sindikiza ("zotsatira:", zotsatira)

print(«nгод:», result.tm_year)

sindikiza («tm_hour:», result.tm_hour)

Return struct_time mu UTC kutengera kuchuluka kwa masekondi kuyambira nthawi yayitali

Ntchitoyi imatheka pogwiritsa ntchito time.gmtime(). njira. Zidzamveka bwino ngati tipereka chitsanzo.

nthawi yoitanitsa

zotsatira = time.gmtime(1575721830)

sindikiza ("zotsatira:", zotsatira)

print(«nгод:», result.tm_year)

sindikiza («tm_hour:», result.tm_hour)

Mukayatsa ndondomekoyi, ndiye kuti mndandanda wazinthu zokhudzana ndi nthawi, chaka ndi nthawi zidzawonetsedwa.

Bweretsani kuchuluka kwa masekondi kuchokera pomwe nthawi idayamba ndikusinthiratu kukhala nthawi yapafupi

Ngati mukukumana ndi ntchito yotereyi, imayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayo mktime (), yomwe imatenga struct_time. Pambuyo pake, imagwira ntchito yobwereranso localtime (). Ndiko kuti, imatembenuza nthawi molingana ndi nthawi yakumaloko kukhala kuchuluka kwa masekondi omwe adutsa kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi, zosinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi nthawi.

Ntchito za mktime() ndi localtime() zimalumikizana kwambiri. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa bwino izi. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa izo kuti timvetse mozama momwe zimagwirira ntchito. 

nthawi yoitanitsa

masekondi = 1575721830

# amabwerera struct_time

t = nthawi.localtime(masekondi)

sindikiza («t1: «, t)

# imabwereranso masekondi kuchokera ku struct_time

s = nthawi.mktime(t)

sindikiza («ns:», masekondi)

Tikuwona kuti kusintha masekondi wapatsidwa masekondi 1575721830 kuyambira nthawiyo. Choyamba, pulogalamuyo imapeza tsiku lenileni, nthawi ndi magawo ena, kutengera mtengowu, ikani mukusintha. t, ndiyeno n’kusintha zimene zili m’kati mwake kukhala zosintha s.

Pambuyo pake amamenya mzere watsopano ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa masekondi mu console. Mukhoza kuyang'ana kuti idzakhala nambala yomweyi yomwe inapatsidwa kusinthasintha kwa masekondi.

Tsiku lotulutsa kuchokera pa manambala 9 omwe amatanthawuza struct_time

Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi manambala 9 oimira chaka, mwezi, tsiku, tsiku la sabata ndi zina zambiri, ndipo tiyenera kuziphatikiza mu chingwe chimodzi. Kwa izi, ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi (). Amavomereza kapena okonzeka struct_time, kapena tuple ina iliyonse yamtengo wapatali 9 yomwe imayimira zomwezo. Pambuyo pake, chingwe chimabwezeretsedwa, chomwe ndi tsiku, nthawi, ndi zina zingapo. 

Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti mubweretse deta yosiyana ya ogwiritsa ntchito mumtundu umodzi..

Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala pulogalamu yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafotokozera mosiyana tsiku, mwezi, chaka, tsiku la sabata, ndi zina zokhudzana ndi kulembetsa chochitika. Pambuyo pake, zomwe mwalandira zimalowetsedwa mu database ndikuperekedwa kwa munthu wina amene wapempha.

Kupeza nthawi ndi tsiku kutengera chingwe cha Python

Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo watchula deta yosiyana, ndipo tifunika kuwaphatikiza kukhala mzere umodzi monga momwe munthuyo adalowamo, ndiyeno kupanga kopi ku kusintha kwina, ndikumanganso mumtundu wokhazikika pamenepo. Kwa izi, ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi.strtime().

Zimatengera kusintha komwe mtengowu watchulidwa, ndikubwezeretsa zomwe timazidziwa kale struct_time.

Kuti timveke bwino, tidzalemba pulogalamu yotereyi.

nthawi yoitanitsa

time_string = «15 June, 2019»

zotsatira = time.strptime(time_string, «%d %B, %Y»)

sindikiza (zotsatira)

Tangoganizani zomwe zidzatuluka? Yesani kulingalira popanda kuyang'ana pansi. Ndiyeno fufuzani yankho.

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=166, tm_isdst=-1)

Mwachidule, kugwira ntchito ndi masiku ndi nthawi ku Python sikovuta konse. Ndikokwanira kutsatira malangizowa, ndipo zonse ziyenda bwino. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Library nthawi wogwiritsa ntchito amapeza mwayi wambiri wogwira ntchito ndi nthawi, monga:

1. Imitsani kukhazikitsa pulogalamu kwa nthawi yodziwika.
2. Onetsani nthawi yomwe yadutsa kuyambira nthawiyo, mumasekondi. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera nthawi kapena kuchita masamu ena pamenepo.
3. Sinthani kukhala mawonekedwe osavuta. Komanso, wopanga mapulogalamu mwiniwakeyo amatha kuyika zinthu zomwe zidzawonetsedwe komanso motsatizana. 

Palinso zina zingapo, koma lero tasanthula zofunika kwambiri. Adzakhala othandiza pafupifupi pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi nthawi. Zabwino zonse.