Ndi berry

Kodi munayamba mwawonapo yews kuthengo? Zowonadi, nkhalango ya yew-boxwood ku Sochi ibwera m'maganizo mwanu. Kumeneko, ma berry amakula, ndipo akale kwambiri - mitengo ina, malinga ndi asayansi, ili ndi zaka zosachepera ziwiri. Kodi mukukumbukira malo ena? Ayi ndithu. Ndipo zonse chifukwa mu Dziko Lathu ndizosowa kwambiri. Amapezeka ku Caucasian Reserve (2), North Ossetian Reserve (000), Crimea (1) ndi Kaliningrad Region (2).

Koma kamodzi pa nthawi uwu uwu (Taxus baccata) inakula ku Ulaya konse ndipo inatenga madera akuluakulu. Koma anthu adaziwononga - adakonda kwambiri nkhuni zazotsalira. Simawola, ndipo pambali pake, imakhala ndi mabakiteriya - zinthu zosasunthika zomwe chomerachi chimatulutsa zimapha tizilombo tambiri mlengalenga. Iwo amati ngati m’nyumba muli mipando ya yew, palibe amene angadwale m’nyumbamo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kutchire mulibe yew.

Koma akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'munda! Inde, yew ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yodzichepetsa.

Strawberry yew zosiyanasiyana

M'chilengedwe, mabulosi a yew nthawi zambiri amafika kutalika kwa 10 - 20 m, koma m'munda womwewo wa yew-boxwood muli zitsanzo za 30 m kutalika. Koma m'minda, nthawi zambiri sichidutsa 3 m.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya yew yomwe imasiyana mawonekedwe a korona ndi mtundu wa singano.

Goldener Zwerg (Goldener Zwerg). Mitundu yaying'ono yamawonekedwe a columnar, ali ndi zaka 10 sadutsa 1 m. Kukula kwapachaka ndi 3-4 cm. Singanozo ndi zobiriwira zakuda, mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira zagolide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomeracho chiwoneke chosazolowereka. Amaonedwa kuti sagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.

David (David). Yew iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe a columnar ndi mtundu wachilendo wa singano - ndi wobiriwira ndi malire achikasu pamphepete. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, 3-4 cm pachaka. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulire sikuposa 2 m, korona m'lifupi ndi 70 cm. kuwala, kumakhala kobiriwira kowala. Frost zosagwira zosiyanasiyana, koma m'zaka zoyambirira amafuna pogona kwa dzinja.

Repandens (Repandens). Mitundu yocheperako yokhala ndi tchire lathyathyathya, lozungulira. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 80 cm, ndipo m'mimba mwake kumatha kufika 3 - 4 m. Kukula kwapachaka ndi 8 cm. Singano ndi mdima wobiriwira. Kukana chisanu, malinga ndi zina, mpaka -30 ° C, m'zaka zoyambirira kumafuna pogona m'nyengo yozizira. Amalekerera chilala bwino.

Summergold (Summergold). Fomu yocheperako yokhala ndi korona yotseguka. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chitsamba ndi 1 m, m'mimba mwake ndi 2-3 m. Kukula kwapachaka ndi 15 cm. Singanozo zimakhala zobiriwira, koma mphukira zazing'ono zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wachikasu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomeracho chikhale chowoneka bwino. Koma kukana kwake kwa chisanu ndikotsika kwambiri - mpaka -18 ° С.

Fastigiata (Fastigiata). Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyimirira, ovoid. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu mpaka 7 m, m'mimba mwake mpaka 2 m. Kukula kwapachaka ndi 12 cm. Singanozo ndi zakuda kwambiri, zobiriwira zakuda. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kumakhala kochepa (mpaka -23 ° C), nyengo yozizira bwino pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Fastigiata Robusta (Fastigiata Robusta). Mumawonekedwe a chigawo chowonda mpaka 8 m kutalika ndi mpaka 1,5 m mwake. Mphukira ndi wandiweyani kwambiri. Kukula kwapachaka - 15 cm. Singanozo zimakhala zobiriwira. Imakula bwino padzuwa komanso mumthunzi, koma powala bwino singano zimakhala zodzaza ndi utoto. Kukana kwa chisanu kumakhala kochepa (mpaka -28 ° С).

Elegantissima (Elegantissima). Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala ndipo imafanana ndi vase. Singano ndi variegated, yellow wobiriwira. Kukula kwapachaka - 10 - 15 cm. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chachikulu - 3-5 m. Amaonedwa kuti sagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.

Yew mabulosi chisamaliro

Zofunikira za chisamaliro cha Yew ndizochepa. Nthawi zambiri imatha kukula popanda zidule, chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha malo oyenera.

Ground

Dothi lililonse ndi loyenera kuti yew. Imakula bwino pamitengo yachonde - kumeneko imakhala ndi kukula kochulukirapo, mtundu wake umakhala wowala, koma nyengo yachisanu imakhala yokhazikika pamatope amchenga otayirira.

Kuunikira

Yews imatha kukula padzuwa komanso mumthunzi wandiweyani. Kwa zomera zamtundu, palibe kusiyana konse, koma kwa zomera zamitundu mitundu, mtundu wa singano umadalira kuunikira - pansi pa kuwala kowala kumakhala kodzaza. Izi ndizowona makamaka pazosiyana ndi korona wachikasu. Ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, singanozo zimachepa ndipo zimatha kukhala zobiriwira.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira mabulosi a yew kumafunika panthawi ya kukula. Ndipo, monga lamulo, ali aang'ono - m'chaka choyamba mutabzala. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi bwino kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata, 1 ndowa ya madzi pa chitsamba.

M'chaka chachiwiri, kuthirira kumafunika kokha panthawi yachilala - komanso kamodzi pa sabata, ndowa imodzi.

Koma kuyambira chaka chachitatu, simungavutikenso - yews amalekerera chilala mosavuta.

feteleza

Palibe chifukwa chothira fetereza pobzala yew. Koma chomwe chimafunika kwenikweni ndikuwonjezera chidebe chimodzi cha dothi kuchokera pansi pa pine kapena firs ku dzenje. Bowa wapadera amakhala mu impso zotere, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma conifers atenge zakudya.

Kudyetsa

Safunanso yew. Ndipo ngakhale contraindicated, chifukwa mwatsopano organic kanthu ndi mchere feteleza kupha omwewo nthaka bowa, ndipo popanda thandizo lawo zomera kufa.

Kubereka kwa yew berry

Yew zipatso zimafalitsidwa m'njira ziwiri.

Mbewu. Njira iyi ndi ya anthu okonda kwambiri komanso oleza mtima. Yew imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mbande zimafika kutalika kwa 1 m pakatha zaka 30. Koma ngati mukulolera kudikira, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuyesa.

Musanayambe kufesa, mbewu, kapena m'malo mwa cones (izi ndi zomwe zipatso za yew zimatchedwa), ziyenera kuthiridwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi - panthawiyi chipolopolocho chidzafewetsa, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Kenako ziyenera kuuma, kusakaniza ndi mchenga ndikutumiza kufiriji ndi kutentha kwa 5 - 6 ° C (izi zimachitika bwino mu Epulo) ... kwa chaka chimodzi! Mukufunabe kufalitsa yews ku mbewu? Kenako, pakatha chaka, ziyenera kufesedwa m'malo obiriwira ndikukutidwa ndi dothi la coniferous kuchokera pansi pa pine kapena spruces kuchokera pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wa 1 cm. Ndi njira yofesa iyi, pafupifupi 2% ya mbewu zimamera.

Pali njira yosavuta - kubzala zipatso za cone nthawi yomweyo pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Novembala mpaka kuya kwa 2 cm. Koma mu nkhani iyi, akhoza kuphuka mu zaka 3-4.

Zodula. Njirayi ndiyosavuta komanso yopezeka kwa wamaluwa aliyense. Komabe, munthu sayenera kudzinyenga kwambiri, chifukwa zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti kupulumuka kwa zodulidwa za yew ndizovuta kwambiri: kuchuluka komwe kungayembekezere ndi 20%, koma nthawi zambiri chiwerengerochi chimakhala chocheperako (5).

Ndi bwino kudula cuttings kuti mufalitse mu September-October kapena April-May. Ziyenera kukhala zazitali 15 - 20 cm ndipo ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku mphukira za zaka 3 - 5 - zimamera mizu kunthambi zakale. Singano zochokera m'munsi mwa magawo atatu a kudula ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiyeno zibzalidwe mu miphika, mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1. Sikoyenera kuchitira zodula ndi zolimbikitsa kupanga mizu - zoyesera zasonyeza kuti. mwina sizipereka mphamvu, kapena, mosiyana, zimawonjezera kupulumuka kwa zodulidwazo (5).

Zodulidwa zimamera mkati mwa miyezi 3-4. Nthawi yonseyi amafunika kuthiriridwa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lonyowa pang'ono, komanso lopanda mthunzi kuchokera ku dzuwa. Zodulidwa zobzalidwa m'dzinja zimabzalidwa m'munda kumapeto kwa Meyi. Spring - mu September.

M'nyengo yozizira, dothi lozungulira mbande liyenera kukumbidwa ndi utuchi ndi wosanjikiza wa 7-10 cm, ndipo zodulidwazo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Mwa njira, zidzakhala zofunikira kuziphimba kwa zaka 3-4 zoyambirira.

Matenda a yew berry

Nthawi zambiri, mabulosi a yew samadwala nthawi zambiri, komabe, pali bowa angapo omwe angayambitse mavuto.

Phomosis. Ndi matendawa, khungwa la zomera limafa, singano zimasanduka zachikasu, kenako zimasanduka bulauni ndikugwa. Ndi matenda amphamvu, nthambi zimayamba kuwuma mochulukira, mmerawo umafowoka, ndipo nyengo yachisanu imakhala bwino. Ma spores a bowa amapitilira pa khungwa ndi singano zakugwa.

Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa, mphukira zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kudulidwa. M'dzinja, samalirani zomera ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (1%). Ndipo ngati matendawa afalikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza ayenera kubwerezedwa m'chilimwe.

Brown Shutte (chipale chofewa cha bulauni). Matenda a mafangasi amakhudza mitundu yambiri ya conifers, ndipo yew ndi chimodzimodzi. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - singano zimayamba kukhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Ndipo ikagonja mwamphamvu, mitengoyo imaima ngati yapserera ndi moto.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, kusonkhanitsa singano zakugwa kuchokera pansi. Kenako samalirani mbewuzo ndi Topsin-M kapena Rakurs (6).

Tizilombo ta sitiroberi yew

Tizilombo pa yew ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zimachitika, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti tidziwe msanga kuti tiyambe kulandira chithandizo.

Yew chishango chabodza. Tizilombo timeneti titha kuwoneka pa mphukira zopyapyala komanso pansi pa singano - tizilombo timawoneka ngati ma tubercles ozungulira achikasu (akazi) kapena oyera (amuna) amtundu wa 2-4 mm. Amadya kuyamwa kwa zomera. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda - singano zimayamba kusanduka zofiirira ndi kusweka, ndipo singano zimasanduka zakuda panthambi zapansi - matenda achiwiri mu mawonekedwe a soot bowa amalumikizana.

Ndizovuta kumenyana ndi akuluakulu - amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Koma n'zotheka kuwononga mphutsi zosokera, zomwe zimawonekera mu theka loyamba la July. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Confidor Maxi kapena Engio.

Yemwe mu. Zizindikiro za tizirombo zimawonekera pamwamba pa mphukira - singano pa iwo zimasonkhanitsidwa mumtolo, mkati mwake momwe mphutsi zofiira zofiira zimapezeka.

Pofuna kuthana ndi yew gall midge, Engio amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Spruce singano. Akuluakulu ndi yaing'ono njenjete ya variegated mtundu. Ndipo alibe vuto. Koma mphutsi za silt zimawononga zomera zingapo za coniferous, kuphatikizapo yew. Amakhala mkati mwa singano, akukuta migodi. Akamakula, amaluka ukonde, n’kusonkhanitsa singano zingapo m’mtolo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Calypso, Confidor kapena Engio.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Mabulosi a Yew amadzutsa mafunso ambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, tidakambirana nawo otchuka kwambiri Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Magwero a

1. Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory (Zomera ndi bowa). Kusindikiza kwachiwiri / Rev. ed. Litvinskaya SA // Krasnodar: Design Bureau No. 1 LLC, 2007.
2. Red Data Book ya Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Mitundu yosowa komanso yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha zomera ndi nyama / Ed. Nikolaeva I., Gamovoy N. // Vladikavkaz: Project-Press, 1999. - 248 p.
3. Red Book la Republic of Crimea. Zomera, algae ndi bowa / Ed. ed. dbs, prof. Yena AV ndi Ph.D. Fateryga AV // Simferopol: LLC "IT "ARIAL", 2015. - 480 p.
4. Red Data Book ya Kaliningrad Region / Gulu la olemba, ed. Dedkova VP ndi Grishanova GV // Kaliningrad: Publishing House of the State University. I. Kant, 2010. - 333 p.
5. Magomedalieva VK, Omarova PK Makhalidwe ofananitsa a kupulumuka kwa zodulidwa ndi zowonjezera za yew berry mu vitro // Bulletin of the Dagestan State University. Series 1: Natural Sciences, 2013, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnitelnaya-harakteristika-vyzhivaemosti-cherenkov-i-eksplantov-pobega-tisa-yagodnogo-in-vitro
6. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/