NN Ge
"Ge adakumana ndi NL Tolstoy mu 1882. Chibwenzi ichi, chomwe chinasanduka mabwenzi apamtima, chinasiya chizindikiro chachikulu pa ntchito ya zaka zomaliza za moyo wa wojambulayo. Chisonkhezero cha Tolstoy pa Ge sichimangotanthauza kumasulira makhalidwe abwino a malemba a m’Baibulo ndi ulaliki wa kuwongolera makhalidwe abwino. Zimawululidwanso mu psychology yakuya yazithunzi za nthawi ino. Zolembedwa ndi mphamvu zazikulu zaluso, zimatengera chikhulupiriro cha wojambula mwa munthu ndikuwonetsa kuthekera kwake kopanga.
Pofika 1884, panali "chithunzi cha wolemba Tolstoy" (Tretyakov Gallery), yolembedwa mu phunziro la nyumba yake ku Khamovniki, pamene Tolstoy ankagwira ntchito pa buku lakuti "Chikhulupiriro changa ndi chiyani?" Njira yopangira iyi idapangidwanso ndi Ge mu chithunzi, adapanga zojambulajambula, monga ojambula ambiri aku Russia azaka zimenezo.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1831 - 1894) anali m'modzi mwa ojambula kwambiri ku Russia. Agogo ake aamuna (Gay) adachoka ku France kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1863. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwakukulu - makamaka kujambula "Mgonero Womaliza" (1875) - Ge adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la kulenga mu XNUMX. Anasiya zaluso ndipo anapitirizabe kulimbana ndi nkhani zokhudza chipembedzo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Anagula famu yaing'ono ku our country, pafupi ndi Chernigov, ndipo anayesa kukhala ndi ntchito yakumidzi: pambuyo pake, luso, monga momwe adanenera tsopano, silingathe kukhala njira ya moyo, silingagulitsidwe.
Ubwenzi wapakati pa Ge ndi Tolstoy unayamba mu 1882. Chaka chimenecho, Ge anaŵerenga mwangozi nkhani ya Tolstoy m’nyuzipepala yonena za “kalembera wa anthu” ku Moscow. Atafika m’zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zakale n’kuona anthu osauka, Tolstoy analemba kuti: “Kusakonda kwathu anthu apansi n’kumene kumapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika.” Mawuwa analimbikitsa Ge, anapita ku Moscow, anakhala kumeneko kwa mwezi woposa mwezi ndipo ankapita ku Tolstoy tsiku lililonse. Iye anayamba kufotokoza Tolstoy ndi banja lake. Pambuyo pake, anamchezera kangapo ku Yasnaya Polyana; iwo anakhala oyandikana, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti atatha kulemba Anna Karenina, Tolstoy mwiniwakeyo adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la moyo ndi njira yolimba yobadwanso. Analemberana makalata, anasinthana mapulani. Ge anakambitsirana ndi Tolstoy ponena za ntchito yake natsatira uphungu wake wa kufotokoza Chikristu chosavuta m’zojambula zake, zomvedwa mofala ndi zofunika kwa anthu.
Ge anakhala Tolstoyan oyambirira kwambiri. Iye anayesa kutsatira ziphunzitso zonse za Tolstoy mu dongosolo la moyo wake. Anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakuthupi, kuyala mbaula za anansi ake. "Nditagwira ntchito motere tsiku lonse, NN sanadyebe. Panthawiyi, adakhala wamasamba (asanadye ng'ombe) ndipo amalakalaka kwambiri kudya zomwe sanakonde: mwachitsanzo, ankakonda phala la buckwheat, choncho amadya mapira, zonsezi ndi mafuta a masamba, kapena popanda mafuta. konse. Komabe, pambuyo pake, pang’onopang’ono, kukokomeza konseku kunatha. Tolstoy analemba m’buku lake kuti Ge (“agogo”) anati: munthu sayenera “kukakamiza ena kudzitumikira yekha m’zinthu zing’onozing’ono.” Analemekeza Tolstoy makamaka chifukwa chakuti malingaliro ambiri ndi malingaliro omwe anali okondedwa kwa iye adapangidwa ndi Tolstoy kale komanso momveka bwino kuposa iye. Mu 1886, iye anasiya katundu wake, anakopera kwa mkazi wake Anna Petrovna ndi ana. Zoonadi, “moyo wosalira zambiri” umene Ge anakhala nawo m’zaka 12 zomalizira za moyo wake unali wachilendo kwa Zhenya. “Mbuye wanga sakufuna kukhala ndi moyo wosalira zambiri,” Ge analembera Tolstoy pa June 30, 1890. Kulemberana makalata pakati pa Ge ndi Tolstoy kunayamba mwamsanga pambuyo pa 1882 ndipo anapitiriza kufikira imfa ya Ge.
Chapakati pa June 1892, Ge analandira ndi manja awiri kufalitsidwa kwa nkhani ya Tolstoy The First Step. Iye anayamikira kupembedzera kumeneku kwa zamasamba m’makalata opita kwa mlembi, ndipo pamene anali kuŵerengera lembalo kwa ena, anayesa kulifalitsa. Kupanda kutero, adadziwitsa Tolstoy mwatsatanetsatane za momwe munda wake ulili: "Mindayo ndi yabwino. <...> chimanga chakula kale, mbatata, nyemba zonse zili bwino.
Ge anakhala paubwenzi ndi Tolstoy kwakuti Tolstoy ankatha kunena mwanthabwala kuti: “Ngati sindili m’chipindamo, ndiye kuti NN angakuyankheni; Adzanena zomwezo monga ine.
Pamene msonkhano woyamba wa All-Russian Congress of Vegetarians unachitika ku Moscow mu 1913, Ge anali atamwalira kwa zaka pafupifupi 20. Koma "chiwonetsero cha zamasamba", chotsegulidwa kuyambira 16 mpaka 21 April, chinakongoletsedwanso ndi zojambula zake. Ubwenzi ndi Tolstoy posakhalitsa unafikira mwana wa wojambula, Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (1857-1949). Kulemberana makalata ndi Tolstoy kunali kokulirapo kuposa ndi abambo ake. Mu Album ya chipinda chodyera "Toothless Nutrition" mumzinda wa Tashkent, munthu akhoza kuwerenga zotsatirazi za Nikolai Nikolayevich: Moyo wamasamba ndi "gawo loyamba lomwe Lev Nikolayevich analemba zaka 25 zapitazo. Ndipo mpaka pano ndiye woyamba. Kupondaponda koyamba kumeneku kumachititsa kuti anthu ambiri atsikemo atakwerapo kale mosangalala. <...> Kuti sitepe yoyamba ikhale sitepe ndikukhala yoyamba, ndikofunikira kuti masitepe ena azitsatira. Zamasamba mwazokha ndi ukhondo wokha ndipo zimatsogolera ku chinyengo ndi kudzikhutiritsa, ngati sikuli chiyambi cha moyo womveka bwino waumunthu: "kusadya m'nyumba za akazi amasiye ndi ana amasiye", kotero kuti kumakhala sitepe yoyamba. moyo wa munthu. (June 8, 1910). Nicholas Ge.