Zamkatimu
Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) anabadwira ku Paris, komwe anakwatira ndikukhala broker. Koma moyo wa munthu “wamba” sanakhale ndi moyo wautali. Mwadzidzidzi, popanda chifukwa chomveka, anatenga burashi ndikuyamba kujambula, ndipo pamapeto pake chilengedwe chake cholenga chinadziwonetsera kwathunthu.
Paul Gauguin anasiya ntchito yake, anasiya mkazi wake ndikupita ku Haiti, kumene anayamba kupanga zojambulajambula. Ngakhale kuti anthu a m'nthawi yake sanaganizire ntchito yake mozama, ndipo otsutsa ndi atolankhani ankamunyoza, iye anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito.
Paul Gauguin, kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wake, adagwira ntchito mu mphamvu ya impressionism, ndipo kenako anasintha ku synthetism ndi cloisonism. Muzojambula zodziwika bwino, zojambula ku Haiti, wojambula amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyera komanso yowala kwambiri, ndipo heroines ake ndi atsikana amaliseche omwe ali m'madera otentha.
Paul Gauguin ali ndi zojambula zambiri zomwe ndikufuna kuziyankhula kwa maola ambiri, koma tsopano tiyeni tiwone mwachangu otchuka kwambiri?
10 Mtengo mu Farm Yard (1874)
Ntchito ya "Tree in the farmyard" Paul Gauguin analemba mu 1874, kalembedwe kake kumatchedwa Impressionism (yomwe wojambulayo ankagwira ntchito ali wamng'ono). Chinsalucho chimasonyeza chilimwe: pafupifupi mlengalenga wonse "wakutidwa" ndi mitambo ndipo zikuwoneka kuti mvula idzagwa posachedwa.
Kutengeka maganizo ndi kofanana ndi kunjenjemera kwa masamba, mpweya wa mphepo, kunyezimira kwa dzuŵa pamwamba pa nyanja… Chofunikira kwambiri cha njira yomwe Paul Gauguin adasankha ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kwanyengo.
Wojambulayo ankafuna "kutsitsimutsa" ntchito zake, kuti aziwadzaza ndi zenizeni zosintha. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mu chithunzi "Mtengo mu Farm Yard", wojambula wotchuka anapambana.
9. Pansi pa Mitengo ya Mango ku Martinique (1887)
Paul Gauguin anali ndi ubwana wolakalaka malo achilendo ndipo ankaona kuti chitukuko ndi "matenda". Mu 1891, atasiya mkazi wake, anapita ku Haiti, kumene analemba mabuku abwino kwambiri.
"Pansi pa Mitengo ya Mango ku Martinique" inalembedwa zokha. Mu 1887, wojambulayo anali ndi vuto la ndalama, choncho anayenera kupita ku America kukagwira ntchito.
Pobwerera, wojambula wotchuka adawona Martinka, ndipo sakanatha kukana spell ya chilumbachi. Ngati sichinali chisankho cha Paul Gauguin kuti ayime pachilumbachi, mndandanda wa ntchito zodabwitsa sizikanapangidwa!
Kwa miyezi 4 pachilumbachi, adapanga zojambula 12. Chisamaliro chapadera pajambula "Pansi pa Mitengo ya Mango ku Martinique" imakopeka ndi mzere wabuluu patali - mtundu uwu ukuimira bata ndi bata.
8. Kodi muli ndi nsanje? (1892)
Zojambula zopangidwa ku Oceania zimakhala ndi mzimu wachilendo, koma dziko lokongola lokopa kwa owonera.. Gauguin adafotokozera mozama kwambiri za paradaiso ndi anthu onse. Iwo ndi okongola, athanzi ndipo amakhala mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Chiwonetsero cha 1893, chomwe chithunzi "Kodi muli ndi nsanje?" zinaperekedwa kwa anthu, zinapangitsa iye kuseka kokha. Gauguin anaimbidwa mlandu wa barbarism ndi anarchism, koma wojambulayo adangoyesera kukhala owona mtima momwe angathere muzojambula zake, pamene ena anasiya zomwe adayamba.
Chithunzichi chikusonyeza bwino lomwe chisangalalo ndi mtendere zomwe akazi a ku Tahiti ali nazo. "Kodi ndiwe nsanje?" inalembedwa pa nthawi yoyamba ya Gauguin kukhala ku Tahiti, mu 1982.
7. Les Misérables (1888)
Chithunzi chodzipatulira kwa Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), chojambulidwa ndi Paul Gauguin atangofika ku Arles., ndi mtundu wamasewera-mpikisano pakati pa ojambula. Paul Gauguin akulozera wowonera kwa Jean Valjean, ngwazi ya buku la Victor Hugo (1802-1885), yemwe kale anali wolakwa.
Monga momwe mungaganizire kale, tsogolo lake si lophweka ... Kuti awonjezere zotsatira zake, adasuntha nkhope yake kuchokera pakati pa chithunzicho kupita kumanzere, ndikudutsa miyambo yonse yojambula.
Kuonjezera apo, mbali ina ya nkhope ili mumthunzi, pamene ina imawunikiridwa ndi dzuwa. Kufotokozera: mu njira iyi yodziwonetsera nokha, chikhalidwe chapawiri cha Paul Gauguin chimawerengedwa. N’kutheka kuti ankafuna kuti afotokoze yekha za nkhaniyi.
6. Tsiku la Umulungu (1894)
Paul Gauguin anajambula Tsiku la Umulungu mu 1984, tsopano ku Art Institute ya Chicago.. Nawa magwero odziwikiratu a kudzoza kwa wojambula. Azimayi achi Tahiti avala zoyera - zovala zawo zimafanana ndi mavinidwe a ku Aigupto. Zikuwoneka kuti zikuyandama mumlengalenga!
Ndipo mulungu wa taaroa (chigawo chapakati pa chithunzichi) akufotokozedwa ndendende molingana ndi nthano zomwe Gauguin anali nazo. Zithunzi zitatu zamaliseche zikuwoneka kuti zikuimira chilengedwe, ndipo maonekedwe amalankhula za mphamvu zazikulu zaumulungu za mulungu kumbuyo kwawo.
Madzi amakhalanso okongola pachithunzichi - amadzazidwa ndi mawonekedwe a amoebic. Ndizotheka kuti awa ndi mafomu opangidwa kuti azidzaza chithunzicho ndi malingaliro ena.
5. Mapeyala ndi Mphesa (1872)
Komabe moyo "Mapeyala ndi mphesa" - ichi ndi choyamba cha ntchito za Paul Gauguin mu mndandanda wa wojambula wa ku France.. Ofufuzawa adapeza m'ntchitoyi mawonekedwe a impressionism, komanso mawonekedwe abwino a pulasitiki ndi kukongoletsa.
Chinsaluchi chikuwonetsa chosavuta kwambiri: zipatso patebulo. Mapeyala amanyezimira, ndipo mphesa zake zimakhala zowutsa mudyo komanso zakupsa. Zimamveka kuti malo ozungulira chipatsocho amadzaza ndi kuwala - "amapuma", amawala!
The zikuchokera lonse ndi impregnated ndi kuundana wa sing'anga kulemera. Wojambulayo adajambula chithunzichi mu mzimu wa impressionism, womwe unali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye.
4. Masomphenya Pambuyo pa Ulaliki (1888)
Atasamukira ku chigawo cha ku France ndikukhala kumeneko kwa nthawi ndithu, Paul Gauguin adanena kuti anthu am'deralo ndi achilengedwe komanso oona mtima, zomwe sitinganene za anthu okhala mumzindawu. Mkhalidwe woyezedwa wa Chibreton unakhala chilimbikitso cholemba Masomphenya Pambuyo pa Ulaliki..
Ntchitoyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka, amagawidwa m'magawo awiri: dziko longoganiza komanso lenileni. Gauguin akuwonetsa pachinsalucho anthu akupemphera kumbuyo komwe akuwonetsa zochitika zongoyerekeza - Yakobo adalimbana ndi mngelo. Chinsalucho chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri ndi matabwa: chimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yakuya, yolemera.
Kufotokozera: Paul Gauguin adabwereka zotsatira zolekanitsa kuchokera ku zojambula za ku Japan, zomwe zinamulimbikitsanso kuti apange ziwerengero polimbana.
3. Akazi Achi Breton (1886)
Pansalu ya Paul Gauguin, tikuwona azimayi 4 a ku Breton omwe adavala zovala zowala.. Akulankhula ataimirira kukhoma, ndipo chakumbuyoko ukhoza kuona mlimi akuyenda mbali ina.
Palibe m'chizimezime pachithunzichi - zotsatirazi zimamveka chifukwa cha mkazi yemwe ali kumanja - waima ndi mutu wake. Mikwingwirima yomwe wojambulayo amakoka nayo ndi yaulere, koma mizere yayikulu imapanikizidwa, kulekanitsa mafomu ndikuwonjezera mitundu yolemera.
Kuphatikiza apo, makolala oyera pa akazi, atapachikidwa momasuka mbali zonse, amakhala ngati mawanga omveka.
2. Chisangalalo (1892)
Chithunzi ichi ndi chongoyerekeza cha wolemba Haiti. Iye anamuwona iye chotero. Ndi mtsikana wina, Tehomana akukhala pafupi ndi mtengo ndipo akuwoneka monyozeka. Mtsikanayo amaimba chitoliro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata.
Kumbuyo, munthu amapereka zopereka zake, mwachiwonekere iye ndi wokhulupirira. Koma chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu. Chojambula cha "Joy" cha Gauguin chimagwirizana kwambiri.
Paul Gauguin adanena za ntchito yake monga nyimbo zomwe adalenga ndi mitundu ndi mizere. Wojambulayo adakoka kudzoza kuchokera ku chilengedwe, cholemera mumitundu ndi mawonekedwe.
1. Fair Angel (1889)
Mkazi pa chinsalu - Maria Angelica Star, mkazi wa Major, zomwe Gauguin adatenga maziko a buluu, ndikuzifotokozera mozungulira. Chimawoneka ngati chithunzi pagalasi. Kumanzere kwa mkaziyo ndi amayi a ku Peru, omwe ali mbali ya amayi a Paul Gauguin.
Zovala za Angelica zimapanga lingaliro lachilendo, lomwe limaperekanso nkhope yake. Van Gogh adawona kuti mkaziyo akuyang'ana wojambula ngati ng'ombe yamphongo.
Pa ndemanga imeneyi, Maria Angelica anayankha kuti: “N’zochititsa mantha bwanji,” chifukwa aliyense ankamuona kuti ndi mtsikana wokongola kwambiri m’derali. Pamene Gauguin anamaliza ntchitoyi ndikuwonetsa Mary, adaponya chithunzicho pamaso pake.