Toxoplasmosis ndi parasitic matenda amphaka. Ndi chifukwa cha kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri komwe kumatha kupha nyama zazing'ono. Ndi matenda ofunikira chifukwa tizilomboto titha kudwalitsa anthu ndikupangitsa mimba kwa amayi apakati. Komabe, ndi ukhondo wabwino komanso njira zingapo zodzitchinjiriza, zoopsa zitha kuchepetsedwa.

Toxoplasmosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti ta protozoan wotchedwa "Toxoplasma gondii". Tiziromboti ndi gawo la banja lalikulu la coccidia. Ili ndi kayendedwe ka moyo, kokhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya nyama: mphaka, ndi mtundu wina uliwonse.

Inde, dzira la toxoplasma limawononga pafupifupi nyama zonse zamoyo. Tizilomboti timaswa ndikudutsa m'maselo am'mimba. Kamodzi mthupi la womulandirayo, imafalikira paliponse kudzera m'magazi ndi zamitsempha ndipo imatha kugawanika. Kugawanika kwa tizilomboto kumatulutsa ziphuphu zodzaza ndi tiziromboti. 

Mphaka ndiye nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimatha kupanga toxoplasmic coccidiosis, yotchedwanso "toxoplasmosis of the cat". Itha kutenga kachilomboka mukamamwa dzira kapena nyama yomwe ili ndi chotupa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwonjezeka pogonana ndikutulutsa mazira, otchedwa oocyst. Mazirawo amatulutsidwa mu ndowe za mphaka. Amalimbana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzichotsa.

Chifukwa chake, pali njira ziwiri zopatsira kachilombo:

• ndi mazira, omwe amapezeka mchimbudzi cha mphaka;
• ndi zotupa, makamaka pakudya nyama yosaphika bwino ya nyama yonyansa.

Kupatula mphaka, zipsera sizimapezeka munthawi zonse zanyama.

Ikapatsa mphaka wachinyamata, tizilomboto timalowa ndikuwononga maselo am'matumbo omwe angayambitse kutsegula m'mimba posowa zakudya m'thupi komanso kutayika kwamadzi. Poyamba, kutsekula m'mimba kumakhala kofatsa, kokhala ndi ntchofu pang'ono, ndipo chimbudzi chimawoneka "chochepa". Matendawa akamachulukirachulukira, kutsekula m'mimba kumayamba kutentha komanso kutuluka magazi, ndikuwoneka ngati "jamu ya jamu". Wina amawona kuukira kwa mphaka komwe amaphedwa, ndikuwonongeka kwakanthawi. Ndikutaya madzi m'thupi kotereku komwe kumatha kupha nyama zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, matenda achiwiri omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya amatha kuwonjezeredwa omwe amachititsa kutentha thupi ndikusokoneza chizindikiritso cha nyama.

Kwa amphaka akuluakulu, matendawa nthawi zambiri samadziwika. Toxoplasmosis ndiye kuti sadziwika kapena imangodziwonetsera yokha ndi mabowo otayirira. Komabe, tizilomboto timaberekanso mwa akuluwa omwe amakhala bomba lenileni. Amayamba kutulutsa ma oocyst ambiri omwe amapatsira achinyamata.

Kuzindikira kwa toxoplasmosis kumapangidwa ndi veterinarian. Kutsekula m'mimba mwa mphaka wachinyamata yemwe amakhala mdera kapena kupsinjika (kusiya kuyamwa, kuleredwa ndi ena) kuyenera kutipangitsa kuganizira za izi. Chizindikiro china chotsitsimula ndikuwona zinyalala zosakanikirana, ndi nyama zamiyeso yosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwake. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kutengedwa m'mafamu momwe milandu ya toxoplasmosis idanenedwa kale chifukwa chobwezeretsanso pafupipafupi.

Samalani kuti musasokoneze matenda otsekula m'mimba okhudzana ndi toxoplasmosis ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba chifukwa chosiya kuyamwa, kukhazikitsidwa, ndi ma virus, bakiteriya ndi kutsekula m'mimba komwe kumayambira parasitic. Pachifukwa ichi, coproscopy ndiyofunikira pakuwunika kuti apeze matendawa. Nyama ikaipitsidwa, tidzatha kuwona ma oocyst omwe amapezeka pamipando ya nyama. Chiwerengero cha mazira omwe amapezeka chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuopsa kwa infestation.

Pali mankhwala awiri a toxoplasmosis amphaka. Ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kuti zitheke. Mankhwala ali amitundu iwiri:

• Coccidiostats, ndiye kuti mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe angalepheretse kukula kwa majeremusi atsopano. Awa ndi mankhwala othandiza, koma ndiokwera mtengo, omwe amalimbikitsidwa pochiza nyama imodzi.
• Ma coccidiocides, omwe ndi mankhwala omwe amapha tiziromboti. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala amodzi omwe amapangidwira amphaka. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zina kuchiza ziweto chifukwa zimagulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa coccidiostats.

Chithandizo chazizindikiro chimayenera kukhala chokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuchiza kutsekula m'mimba ndi mavalidwe am'mimba ndikutha kuthiranso nyama. Ndikofunikanso kukhazikitsa njira zathanzi. M'malo mwake, mazira a toxoplasma amalimbana kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyambiranso mwa kuyambiranso chilengedwe.

Pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ukhondo wa malo omwe ana amakuliramo. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuti tizitha kuchotsa zonyansa zonse mwachangu zomwe ndi zina mwazinthu zoyipitsa pakuswana. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira zakulimbana ndi magulu apakatikati omwe amatha kunyamula toxoplasma cysts ndikupewa momwe angathere kukhudzana ndi amphaka (mbewa, mbalame, ndi zina zambiri). Pomaliza, muyenera kupewa kupatsa nyama yaiwisi kapena yosaphika kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi ziphuphu zomwe zingakhalepo.

Amayi apakati ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asakumane ndi tizilomboto. Zowonadi, pakuwonongeka koyambirira kwa mayi wapakati, tiziromboti titha kupatsirana kwa mwana wosabadwa ndipo ndiomwe imayambitsa kuchotsa mimba. Ikakhudzana ndi tiziromboti, thupi la munthu limatulutsa ma antibodies kuti adziteteze. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri adotolo amapanga serology kuti aone ngati pali ma antibodies awa kuti awone ngati mkaziyo wakumanapo kale ndi tiziromboti. 

Ngati ma antibodies alipo ndiye kuti thupi limatha kudziteteza kumatenda ndipo tizilomboto sikhala pachiwopsezo chotenga pakati. Kumbali ina, ngati kulibe mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndiye kuti tiziromboti titha kuipitsa mkaziyo ndipo mwina atha kusamukira kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Ngati mayi wapakati sanakumaneko ndi tiziromboti, ziyenera kukhala tcheru kuziphuphu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, sikofunikira kupatukana ndi mphaka wanu. Koposa zonse, ayenera kusamala kuti asakhudze ndowe za mphaka, chifukwa chake bokosi lake lazinyalala. Ngati izi ndizofunikira, ziyenera kuchitika mutavala chigoba ndi magolovesi kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa. Ndikofunikanso kutsuka masamba anu bwino, makamaka ngati akuyenera kudyedwa yaiwisi, chifukwa nthawi zina amakhala ndi ma oocyst. Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuphika nyama yake bwino kuti muchepetse ziphuphu zilizonse zomwe zingakhalepo.