Mwana wa Transgender: momwe mungathandizire ngati makolo?

Nkhani yovuta zaka zingapo zapitazo, kuzindikirika kwa ana a transgender kukufalitsidwa kwambiri. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kusapeza kumeneku kumavomerezedwa mosavuta m'madera athu ndipo kukayikira kapena kulengeza za kutha kwa mwana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuphulika kwa banja lonse. Kunena zoona, n’zovuta kudziona ngati makolo, akudera nkhawa za tsogolo ndi mavuto amene mwanayo angakumane nawo, kupeza mawu olondola, malingaliro oyenera kapena kungodziwa bwino lomwe tanthauzo lachidule. Lipoti la 2009 lochokera ku Haute Autorité de santé linanena kuti mozungulira m'modzi mwa 10 kapena m'modzi mwa 000 ndi transgender ku France.

Tanthauzo: trans, transgender, transexual, jender dysphoria, non-binary… Ndi mawu ati omwe ali oyenera kwambiri?

Ngakhale kuti chidule cha "trans" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazofalitsa, mabungwe ndi madera omwe akukhudzidwa, pali zolakwika mu French ponena za mawu oti "transgender" ndi "transexual". Zowonadi, ngati ena amawaona ngati ofanana, ena amatanthauzira mawu akuti "transgender" ngati kukhala ndi moyo (mawonekedwe, mawu otchulira mawu, ndi zina zotero) za jenda popanda kusintha kwenikweni jenda., pamene "transexual" imangokhudza anthu omwe adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opaleshoni kuti asinthe kugonana kwawo.

Samalani, mayanjano ambiri amatsutsa mfundo yakuti "transexual" kapena "transsexual" amatanthauza lingaliro la matenda - zomwe sizili choncho ndi transidentity yomwe "singathe "kuchiritsidwa", ndipo chifukwa chake. liwu lachikale lomwe siliyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, mokomera transgender.

Mulimonsemo, ndi bwino kufunsa mwana wanu kuti ndi mawu ati omwe angakonde kugwiritsa ntchito, monga momwe amatchulira dzina lake (iye / iye / iel /…).

Nthawi zonse, mwana wanu adzawonana ndi a psychologist yemwe angatsimikizire kuti a dysphoria. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palidi kusapeza bwino pakati pa kugonana kwake ndi jenda lake, yemwe amapatsidwa kwa iye pakubadwa malinga ndi mapangidwe ake a morphological.

Komanso, mawu akuti osakhala a binary amayamba chifukwa chosadzimva kukhala m'mitundu iwiri yokhazikitsidwa, kapena kumva pang'ono za zonsezo, m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawu achingerezi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madera omwe akukhudzidwa kuti adzitchule kuti “gender-fluid”, “no-gender”, “gender” kapena “mosiyana jenda”.

Ana a Transgender: ali ndi zaka zingati amazindikira "kusiyana" kwawo?

Mu September 2013, ku Argentina, makolo analoledwa kusintha jenda la mwana wawo wazaka 6 pa zikalata zawo. Dzina lake loyamba, Manuel, kenako linasinthidwa ndi Luana. Amayi ake adalongosola kuti "Lulu" nthawi zonse amakhala ngati mtsikana. Miyezi ingapo m’mbuyomo, makolo a Coy Mathis, Wachimereka wamng’ono wa msinkhu womwewo, anali ndi mitu yankhani. Pambuyo pa kukhala anadandaula za tsankho, anali atapambana mlandu wawo wotsutsa sukulu yake. Mwanayo analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi za atsikana ngakhale ankadziona ngati mkazi. Malinga ndi achibale ake, Coy akanayamba kuchita ngati mtsikana ali ndi miyezi 18 yokha. Madokotala a zamaganizo atero anapezeka ndi jenda dysphoria ali ndi zaka 4.

Ndi zaka ziti zomwe tingaganize kapena kulengeza kuti mwana ndi transgender pansi pamikhalidwe iyi? Malinga ndi Pulofesa Marcel Rufo, palibe malire a zaka. « Ndakhala ndikutsata mkazi wa transgender kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri. Panopa wasintha ndipo tsopano ndi wokwatiwa “. Dokotala wa matenda a maganizo a ana akufotokoza kuti “ kuyambira zaka 4-5-6, tingathe kuzindikira kusapeza mwana “. Lipoti la Council of Europe lomwe linafalitsidwa mu 2013 linanena kuti munthu akhoza kudzimva kuti ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna nthawi ina iliyonse: pa nthawi yaunyamata, “ zaka zoyambirira za moyo ", Kapena ngakhale chaka chisanafike, “Popanda kuti mwanayo azitha kulankhula ndi anthu amene ali naye pafupi ".

« Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, Lingaliro la jenda silikhazikika kuyambira pa kubadwa, akutero Pulofesa Rufo. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, ofufuza aku America adachita maphunziro ku nazale zaku California. Kenako anazindikira kuti atsikana amatha kudziwa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha asanakhale anyamata. Kuyambira miyezi 18, amatengera makhalidwe a akazi : m'masewera, njira yosamalira mwana wawo… amatengera amayi awo. Pa mbali yawo, anyamata amazindikira jenda pakatha miyezi 20. Zachidziwikire, machitidwewa amakhudzidwa ndi kusankha dzina loyamba, khalidwe la makolo, chikhalidwe ... »

Transgender mwana: mayanjano kutithandiza pambuyo pa kulengeza kapena "kutuluka" kwa mwana wathu

« Nthawi zina makolo amadabwa ngati angagulire mwana wamwamuna kapena magalimoto osewerera mtsikana. Izi ndi zopusa! Kuti sichimakhudza maganizo a amuna ndi akazi zomwe mwanayo angakhale nazo yekha », Akuumiriza katswiri wa zamaganizo a mwana, yemwe amakumbukira kuti mu nthawi yochepa, ndi pamwamba pa mafunso onse a biology ndi mahomoni omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Nanga ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zingatsogolere makolo? Malinga ndi katswiri, ndi seti ya magawo Ndipo kuli bwino kusatchula chizindikiro chimodzi Chosokeretsa. Makamaka popeza palibe chomwe chimakhazikika mwanayo asananene kuti ndi transgender: " Mwana amene amaoneka ngati akufuna kukhala mkazi kapena mwamuna sangakhale wachinyamata kapena munthu wachikulire wosiyana ndi amuna. “Iye akutero.

Akatswiri otchulidwa mu lipoti la Council of Europe ali ndi maganizo amenewa. Kumbali inayi, akatswiri ambiri omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu amalimbikira kufunikira kwa ana komwe makolo amaphunzira "kulekerera" kusatsimikizika uku.

Zindikirani: Msungwana wosinthika ndi mtsikana yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi mwamuna pobadwa koma kudziona kuti ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi ndi kwa mtsikana - ndipo mosiyana ndi anyamata. 

Popeza izi sizovuta kuthana nazo popanda kuuzidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa ngati makolo, ndizotheka masiku ano kutembenukira ku mayanjano ambiri, palinso kutsogolera gulu. Mawu odabwitsa, ntchito zamaganizidwe ndi zowongolera ...Msonkhano wa OUTrans amapereka, mwachitsanzo, magulu othandizira osakanikirana m'chigawo cha Paris, komansoChrysalis mgwirizano, yochokera ku Lyon, yomwe yapanganso a kalozera kwa okondedwa ya anthu trans omwe akupezeka pa intaneti kwaulere. Chitsanzo china, ndiKukula kwa Trans Association, mu Tours, adalemba "zida za makolo»Wathunthu komanso wamaphunziro.

Mtsikana kapena mnyamata wa Transgender: kufunikira kovomereza zomwe mwasankha

Komabe nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa, ana a transgender ndi ochulukirapo anthu omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza kusukulu komanso kugwiriridwa. Amakondanso kuganiza zodzipha. Ndiye chifukwa chake, malinga ndi lipoti la Council of Europe, zili choncho ndikofunikira kuti otsogolera, makolo, sukulu, ogwira ntchito ya unamwino avomereze maganizo amene achinyamatawa ali nawo pa iwo eni. Erik Schneider, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi psychotherapist wolemba lipotili, akumaliza kusanthula kwake potsindika kuti kuvomereza kumeneku kuyenera kuchitidwa ” pamlingo wonse wa anthu ".

Koma, monga akufotokozera Marcel Rufo, anthu amasiku ano salola kuti izi: “ Ngati tikanakhala m’dziko labwino, limene nlololera mokulirapo, makolo akanavomereza mosavuta chosankha cha mwana wawo, ndiponso chifukwa chakuti sakanaopa kutetezedwa kwake. Koma m'malo mwake, ku France, munthu wa transgender sachitidwa opareshoni asanafike msinkhu. Kwa zaka zambiri adzakhala ndi tsankho lamphamvu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti munthu akhoza kulemekeza chisankho cha mwana wake pamene akumupempha kuti alemekeze kusamvetsetsa komwe kusankha kwake kungayambitse. ", Ndikuyembekeza katswiri.

Kutsatira m'maganizo: mungafotokoze bwanji kuti pali anyamata ambiri kuposa atsikana?

Nthaŵi zambiri ana sanena maganizo awo, nthaŵi zambiri samadziŵika. Vuto lina: Makolo kaŵirikaŵiri amakana kuvomereza mkhalidwe umenewu ndipo motero amazengereza kutero funsani dokotala wazamisala kuti muthandizire bwino mwana wawo mumkhalidwe wodwala. Komabe, monga momwe Pulofesa Rufo akunenera, kutsata malingaliro ndikofunikira, " osati kusintha ana koma kuwathandiza kupitiriza ulendo wawo ".

Ananenanso kuti pali kusiyana kwa zaka zingapo pakati pa makolo a atsikana ndi anyamata omwe amakambirana kuti asamangokhalira kugonana: “ Ndikuwona anyamata ang'onoang'ono pokambirana. Kukhulupirira kuti sindinu jenda loyenera kumakhalako molingana ndi atsikana, koma 'tomboy' simadetsa nkhawa kwambiri kwa makolo kusiyana ndi 'mnyamata wachikazi' kapena amene akufuna kukhala mtsikana. . Kwa makolo, vuto ili likuipiraipira. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti kugonana kudakalipobe m'dera lathu. Atsikana ang'onoang'ono omwe ndinalankhula nawo anali aatali kwambiri ndipo anali azaka 7-8 pakukambirana koyamba ".

Ndi chithandizo chanji chachipatala panthawi yogonana?

Ngati chiwerengero chawo chikadali chochepa chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsa kwa makolo kapena kungokhala chete kumene atsekeredwa, ana ochulukirapo akufunsira zipatala zokhazikika pa chithandizo cha kusintha. Koma asanayambe kusintha, pali njira zambiri zomwe ziyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi transgender, makamaka pamene amadzinenera kuti ali ana okha. Kutsatiridwa kwamalingaliro kumapitilira zaka zingapo, mwatsoka kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri kuganizira zomwe zimayenderana ndi kusapeza uku: kusokonezeka kwa kudya, kuvutika kwakunja komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mwachitsanzo. kupezerera anzawo, kuvutika maganizo, kusagwirizana ndi anthu, kusiya sukulu...

Malamulo ena amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito "oletsa kutha msinkhu", njira yomwe imatsutsana chifukwa sikuti imalepheretsa maonekedwe a kugonana kwachiwiri monga kukula kwa tsitsi ndi kusintha kwa thupi, komanso kukula ndi calcification ya mafupa. , chonde… M’maiko ena, monga United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium ndi Netherlands, mankhwala awa ndi osinthika ndi kusiya kukula kwa kutha msinkhu kwa ana, kuwapatsa nthawi yoti asankhe. A Dutch, omwe anali oyamba kuchita mayeso amtunduwu, amalimbikitsa otsekereza awa kuyambira azaka 10 kapena 12, mpaka zaka 16.

Ku France, mankhwala omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi d'mahomoni (testosterone kapena estrogen), zomwe sizingawononge ndalama kwa munthu amene akusintha ngati chikondi chautali chadziwika. Komabe, palibe mankhwala a mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa ku France asanakwanitse zaka 16, ndiyeno chilolezo cha oimira ulamuliro wa makolo chikufunika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti akuluakulu amanong'oneza bondo kuti adasintha jenda, ngakhale ziwerengerozo zikuwonetsa zochepa, mwadongosolo la 5%. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndondomekoyi imakhalabe yoyang'aniridwa ndi yoletsedwa kwa ana.

Ufulu: ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga monga kholo?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi chipongwe chilichonse - kugonana, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena transphobic, ndi mlandu wolangidwa ndi zilango zaupandu.. Chipongwe chonenedwa ndi malankhulidwe, kufuula, kuwopseza, kulemba kapena chithunzi chimalangidwa ndi chindapusa cha 12 euros. Ngati munthu wa transphobic asungidwa, chilango chimawonjezeka kufika pa chindapusa cha 000 euros ndi chaka chimodzi chandende. Choncho musazengereze kudandaula ngati mwana wathu akuzunzidwa, ngakhale atakhala mwano "kokha".

Ndizotheka kupempha a kusintha dzina kukhala mkulu wa udindo wa boma ndipo osakhalanso kwa woweruza, popanda kulungamitsa kusintha kwa kugonana kapena kupereka satifiketi yamisala. Dzina lomwe limadziwika pakubadwa komanso kudzutsa jenda wina, lodziwika kuti "dzina lakufa", siliyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi oyang'anira, sukulu komanso malo omwe amakhala.

Ndicholinga choti sinthani jenda pazitupa, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kukhoti lamilandu lanyumba kapena manispala pomwe satifiketi yobadwa imasungidwa kuti munthuyo adziwonetsa poyera kuti ndi wa amuna kapena akazi anzawo; kuti munthuyo amadziŵika kuti ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi kapena mwamuna ndi mkazi wake ndi akatswiri kapena kusukulu; kapena kuti munthuyo wasintha dzina lake ndipo akufuna kuti zitupa zawo zigwirizane.