Matenda opatsirana opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, chindoko ndi chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha treponematoses. Komabe, pali ma treponematoses ena omwe amapezeka m'madera osauka padziko lapansi. Kodi matenda amenewa ndi chiyani? Momwe mungawazindikire ndikuwachitira?

Treponematosis, kapena treponemosis, ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza gulu la matenda omwe amachititsa treponemes, mtundu wa mabakiteriya a m'banja la spirochetes.

Mwa ma treponematoses akuluakulu omwe amakhudza anthu, pali mitundu ina yachipatala: 

Venereal chindoko

Chindoko chokhacho, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi Treponema pallidum, kapena "pale treponema," ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Atatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ku France, zakhala zikuyambiranso kuyambira 2000. Zimaphatikizapo magawo a 3 omwe amaipiraipira pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatsogolera ku chancre (batani) pamalo opatsirana ndi zilonda zapakhungu.

Treponematoses endemic

Zina treponematoses ndi endemic ndi ofanana kuti iwo anaona adakali ana ndipo konse kuwononga minyewa ndi kuchititsa serological zomwezo monga chindoko. Timasiyanitsa:

• Endemic non-venereal syphilis kapena "bejel", yoyambitsidwa ndi Treponema pallidum endemicum, yomwe imapezeka m'madera ouma a Sahelian ku Africa;
• Le pian, yoyambitsidwa ndi Treponema pallidum pertenue, yomwe tsopano ikupezeka mwapadera mu foci ku Central ndi South America;
• Paini kapena "mal del pinto" kapena "caraté", yoyambitsidwa ndi Treponema pallidum carateum, yomwe imakhudza ana a madera otentha otentha kapena equatorial m'makontinenti onse ku Central ndi South America, omwe amadziwika ndi zotupa pakhungu.

Malingana ndi mtundu wa treponematosis, njira yoipitsira ndi yosiyana. Ndi matenda opatsirana makamaka, koma omwe samafatsidwa kawirikawiri mwangozi (kuluma), kudzera m'magazi (kuikidwa), kapena transplacental (mayi kupita kwa mwana wosabadwayo).

Treponematoses endemic 

Kupatsirana kwawo kumachitika makamaka pakulumikizana kwapafupi, kwapafupi pakati pa ana komanso nthawi zina pakati pa ana ndi akulu pankhani ya chiwerewere komanso ukhondo wosakhazikika:

• The bejel: kufala kumachitika mwa kukhudzana pakamwa kapena kugawana mbale;
• Yaws: yofala kwambiri yomwe imafuna kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi khungu ndipo imakondedwa ndi kuvulala kwapakhungu;
• La pinta: Kupatsirana kumafuna kukhudzana ndi khungu lowonongeka koma sikumapatsirana kwambiri.

The venereal mawonekedwe a chindoko amakhulupirira kuti anatulukira ku Ulaya ndi Middle East pambuyo kusintha kwatsopano ndi ankakonda akafuna kufala kudzera kugonana mosadziteteza ndi munthu ndi chindoko pa magawo oyambirira a matendawa. 

• Mitundu yonse ya kugonana kosadziteteza kungakhale kodetsa, kuphatikizapo kugonana m'kamwa kapena, nthawi zina, kupsopsonana mozama;
• Kupatsirana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana kumatha kufalikiranso panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

Chindoko, monga endemic treponematoses, chimasintha mofanana. Kutupa koyambirira kotsatiridwa ndi zotupa zachiwiri, kenako nthawi yodikirira ndipo pamapeto pake matenda owononga mochedwa.

Treponematoses endemic

• The bejel: zotupa mucosal ndi zotupa pakhungu, kenako mafupa ndi khungu zotupa; 
• Yaws zimayambitsa periostitis ndi zotupa pakhungu;
• Zotupa za pinta zimangokhala pa dermis. 

Chindoko

Pambuyo pa matenda, munthuyo amawona ziphuphu zofiira kumaliseche kapena kumbuyo kwa mmero. Chiphuphuchi chimasintha kukhala chilonda chosapweteka chomwe chimatha kupitilira miyezi 1 mpaka 2. Patangotha ​​milungu ingapo chilondacho chikayamba, chimfine chimamveka ngati chimfine. Ziphuphu kapena zofiira zimatha kuwoneka m'manja ndi m'mapazi. Nthawi zina pali matenda monga meningitis, ziwalo za nkhope. Nthawi zina, maso amakhudzidwa.

Patatha zaka ziwiri kuipitsidwa, zizindikiro zimatha. Gawoli limatha zaka makumi angapo.

Ndi matenda ofatsa ngati athandizidwa munthawi yake, owopsa ngati anyalanyazidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa.

Chindoko, monga endemic treponematoses, chingathe kuthandizidwa ndi jekeseni imodzi ya maantibayotiki ochokera ku banja la penicillin. 

Bungwe la WHO limalimbikitsa kuperekedwa kwa jekeseni imodzi ya benzathine benzylpenicillin (2,4 MU), intramuscularly (IM), kapena ngati sagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa, doxycycline, wa banja la cyclin. Ngati mankhwalawa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, pali njira zina zopangira maantibayotiki. 

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki kungawunikidwe poyesa magazi pafupipafupi.