Tulostoma yozizira (Tulostoma brumale)
- Mammosum osabereka
Zima thulostoma (Tulostoma brumale) ndi bowa wa banja la Tulostoma.
Maonekedwe a matupi aang'ono a fruiting a m'nyengo yozizira ndi ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Bowa wakucha amadziwika ndi tsinde lopangidwa bwino, chipewa chomwecho (nthawi zina chophwanyidwa pang'ono kuchokera pansi). Bowa ali ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, kofanana kwambiri ndi mace ang'onoang'ono. Chimakula makamaka kumadera akummwera, komwe kumakhala kozizira komanso kotentha. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, matupi a fruiting a mtundu wa bowa amamera pansi. Amadziwika ndi mtundu woyera-ocher, ndipo amachokera ku 3 mpaka 6 mm m'mimba mwake. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, pamwamba pa nthaka pali mwendo wopyapyala, wamtengo. Mtundu wake ukhoza kufotokozedwa ngati ocher brown. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical komanso maziko a tuberous. Kutalika kwa mwendo wa bowa ndi 2-4 mm, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 2-5 cm. Pamwamba pake, mpira wa bulauni kapena mtundu wa ocher umawoneka pamwamba pake, womwe umakhala ngati chipewa. Pakatikati pa mpirawo pali pakamwa pa tubular, mozunguliridwa ndi dera lofiirira.
Ma spores a bowa ndi achikasu kapena ofiira-ofiira, ozungulira, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi osafanana, ophimbidwa ndi njerewere.
Mutha kukumana ndi nyengo yozizira (Tulostoma brumale) nthawi zambiri m'dzinja komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika. fruiting yake yogwira imagwera pa nthawi kuyambira October mpaka May. Imakonda kumera pa dothi la miyala ya laimu. Mapangidwe a matupi a fruiting amapezeka kuyambira August mpaka September, bowa ndi gulu la humus saportrophs. Imakula makamaka m'nkhalango za steppes ndi deciduous nkhalango, pa humus ndi dothi lamchenga. Ndikosowa kukumana ndi fruiting matupi a dzinja tustolomas, makamaka m'magulu.
Bowa wa mitundu yofotokozedwayo imagawidwa kwambiri ku Asia, Western Europe, Africa, Australia, ndi North America. Pali mphukira yozizira m'dziko lathu, makamaka ku Europe (Siberia, North Caucasus), komanso m'madera ena a dera la Voronezh (Novokhopersky, Verkhnekhavsky, Kantemirovsky).
Mphukira yachisanu ndi bowa wosadyedwa.
Mphukira yachisanu ( Tulostoma brumale ) imafanana ndi maonekedwe a bowa wina wosadyeka wotchedwa tulostoma scaly. Chotsatiracho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa tsinde, komwe kumadziwikabe ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mamba otuluka amawonekera bwino pamwamba pa tsinde la bowa.
Bowa wa dzinja wa thulostoma sunaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa mitundu yotetezedwa, komabe, m'malo ena amatengedwabe motetezedwa. Akatswiri a mycologists amapereka malingaliro otetezedwa kwa mitundu yofotokozedwa ya bowa m'malo achilengedwe:
- M'malo omwe alipo amtunduwu, chitetezo chiyenera kuwonedwa.
- Ndikofunikira kufunafuna nthawi zonse malo atsopano okulirapo a nthambi zachisanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwakonzekera bwino chitetezo chawo.
- M'pofunika kuwunika udindo wa odziwika anthu a fungal mitundu.