Zamkatimu
Kwa ambiri, kutsutsana komaliza kokomera dongosolo linalake lazakudya kwakhala chipembedzo. Powerenga malembo, anthu amakhala otsimikiza kuti zakudya zina ndizolondola, pomwe zina ndizachimo, ndipo… nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika. Chifukwa cha izi, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndikumasulira molakwika kwa zomwe zawerengedwa, nthawi zina kumachitika chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kolakwika. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wambiri amalola osati kupeza mayankho pamafunso onse osangalatsa, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe zipembedzo zina zimakhudzirana ndi zamasamba.
Za kafukufuku
Ngakhale zili choncho kuti zipembedzo zilizonse ndizokhazikika pachikhulupiriro, iliyonse ili ndi ziphunzitso, miyambo ndi miyambo yolemekezedwa ndi okhulupirira. Kumbali imodzi, zipembedzo zonsezi zimawoneka kuti ndizosiyana kotheratu, koma ngakhale poyang'anitsitsa, zomwe zimawonekera zimawoneka. Mulimonsemo, katswiri wachipembedzo Stephen Rosen ali wotsimikiza za izi, yemwe adayesera kuwulula malingaliro owona azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana pankhani ya zamasamba.
Akuphunzira ziphunzitso zamtundu uliwonse zachipembedzo, adazindikira kuti wamkulu wachipembedzo momwemonso, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukana chakudya cha nyama. Dziweruzeni nokha:
- Wamng'ono kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo imodzi mwamipingo yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe ili Islam, wazaka zopitilira 1300. Ndipo saganiza kuti chakudya cha ndiwo zamasamba ndicho chokhacho cholondola.
- Ali ndi lingaliro losiyana pang'ono Christianityzomwe zaposa zaka 2000. Amalimbikitsa kusiya nyama.
- Chipembedzo chakale kwambiri chokhazikika chokha, chomwe chiri Chiyuda, ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha kudya nyama. Mwa njira, ali kale ndi zaka 4000. Lingaliro lomwelo limasungidwa ndi Chibuddhandi Chi Jainism, ziphunzitso zobadwa m'Chiyuda zaka 2500 zapitazo.
- Ndipo malemba akale okha Veda, omwe zaka zawo zonse ndi zaka 5000 - 7000, akukonda kusiya nyama kwathunthu m'malo mwa zakudya zamasamba.
Komabe, wasayansi akukumbutsa kuti zimenezi ndi zowombetsa mkota, komanso iwo ali kupatulapo malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, pali magulu ena achikristu omwe amaphatikizira Ma Mormon or Adventistkutsatira moyo wokhazikika wosadya nyama. Ndipo pakati pa Asilamu pali odyera odziwika omwe amalalikira Baha'ism… Ndipo ngakhale ziphunzitso zawo siziletsa kudya nyama, komabe amalimbikitsa kuti azikana.
Koma ndibwino kudziwa za malingaliro a alaliki azipembedzo zina.
Chisilamu ndi zamasamba
Palibe amene akunena kuti chipembedzochi chimalimbikitsa kwambiri kudya nyama. Komabe, anthu osamala amamvetsetsa zonse popanda mawu. Malinga ndi miyambo yodziwika, kupha ndikoletsedwa ku Mecca, womwe ndi mzinda wakwawo wa Magomed. Mwanjira ina, zamoyo zonse pano ziyenera kukhala mogwirizana. Kupita ku Mecca, Asilamu adavala zovala zamwambo - ihram, pambuyo pake amaletsedwa kupha aliyense, ngakhale ali nsabwe kapena dzombe.
Bwanji ngati atapezeka kuti akuyenda paulendo? Tizilombo todutsa ndikuwachenjeza anzako za izi kuti asapondereze mwangozi.
Mtsutso wina wamphamvu wokomera kusadya nyama ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zimafotokoza za moyo wa Mohammed. Malinga ndi iwo, adaletsa oponya mivi kulunjika pa mbalame zazing'ono, kuwerenga nkhani kwa iwo omwe amazunza ngamila, ndipo pomaliza adakakamiza aliyense wodya nyama kutsuka mkamwa asanapemphere. Chifukwa chiyani sanaletse kudya nyama konse? Asayansi akunena kuti zonsezi ndi kulekerera zizolowezi za omwe angakhale ophunzira awo ndikulowa pang'onopang'ono panjira yowunikira mwauzimu. Mwa njira, Baibulo limatsatira malingaliro omwewo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, powunika masamba amalemba, mutha kupeza zitsanzo zambiri zofotokozera zamadyedwe a mneneriyo. Zachidziwikire, anali osadya kwathunthu. Komanso, ngakhale imfa yake idagogomezera munjira iliyonse kufunikira kwakukana kudya nyama.
Malinga ndi nthano, a Magomed ndi anzawo adavomera kuyitanidwa ndi mayi yemwe sanali Msilamu ndipo adagwirizana kuti adye nyama yathayo yomwe adatumikira. Zachidziwikire, kuzindikira kwauzimu kumamulola kuti amvetsetse kuti mankhwalawa ndi poizoni komanso munthawi yake yoletsa ena kuti asakhudze chakudya. Iyenso anadya, ngakhale kuti sanali kukonda nyama kale. Zitachitika izi, adakhala zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kenako adamwalira, ndi chitsanzo chake poyesera kuwonetsa anthu ouma khosi za kudya nyama.
Chikhristu ndi zamasamba
Pamtima pamalemba, Baibulo ndi chifundo ndi chifundo kwa zamoyo zonse. Chitsimikizo chowonjezera cha izi ndi lamulo pa chakudya, lomwe limawulula chifuniro cha Mulungu. Malinga ndi iye, Wamphamvuyonse adati:Ndakupatsani zitsamba zonse zomwe zimafesa mbewu padziko lapansi, komanso mtengo uliwonse wobala zipatso zamtengo - ichi chidzakhala chakudya chanu.".
Ndipo zonse zikhala bwino, kokha mu Bukhu la Genesis wina adapeza mawu omwe amalola anthu kudya chilichonse chamoyo komanso choyenda. Ndipo mu Chipangano Chatsopano, wina adakhumudwa ndi zomwe Khristu adapempha kuti adye. Ndipo Uthenga wabwino udanenanso kuti ophunzira adapita kukagula nyama. Mawu onsewa adapatsa mwayi okonda nyama kuti azithandizira kumwerekera kwawo mozama ndi mawu a m'Baibulo, komanso dziko - nthano yoti Baibulo limathandizira kudya nyama.
Komabe, akatswiri achipembedzo adatsutsa izi. Zikupezeka kuti mawu omwe adalembedwa m'buku la Genesis akunena za nthawi yomwe Chigumula chinayamba. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Nowa anafunika kupulumuka pa zochitikazo zivute zitani. Kodi zingatheke bwanji izi m'malo momwe zomera zonse zatha? Yambani kudya nyama. Pachifukwa ichi, chilolezo chinaperekedwa, koma osati lamulo.
Akatswiri achipembedzo amafotokozera kutanthauzira kwa pempho lodabwitsa la Khristu komanso mawu osadabwitsa a ophunzira ake zakugula nyama ndi kutanthauzira kolakwika. Chowonadi ndichakuti Mgiriki "broma"Kwenikweni kumasulira kuti"chakudya", Osati ngati nyama. Chifukwa chake, m'malembawo, pali mawu omwe amatanthauza "chinthu chodyedwa" kapena "chakudya". Muzochitika zachilendo, munthu amene amakumbukira lamulo la chakudya amatanthauzira zonse molondola, panthawiyi, kumasulira kolakwika ndi zotsutsana zinawonekera.
Mawu awa akutsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za maphunziro owonjezera a zolemba zakale. Malinga ndi iwo:
- akhristu oyamba amakana nyama pazifukwa zoyera komanso zachifundo;
- Atumwi a 12 nawonso amatsatira mfundo za zamasamba;
- mu "Maulaliki Achifundo" ochokera mchaka cha XNUMXnd AD adanenedwa kuti kudya nyama yanyama kumadziwika ndi chikunja;
- Pomaliza, ntchito yodyera nyama ndiwo maziko a lamulo lachisanu ndi chimodzi, lomwe ndi, "Usaphe."
Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti akhristu oyamba anali osadya nyama, makamaka, kutsatira zakudya zamkaka-zamasamba. Chifukwa chiyani zonse zasintha? Malinga ndi ofufuza, pamsonkhano wa ku Nicaea, wa 325 AD, ansembe ndi andale adasintha zolemba zoyambirira zachikhristu kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kwa Emperor Constantine. Mtsogolomo, zidakonzedwa kuti zidziwike kuti Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo cha Ufumu wa Roma.
Mu limodzi la matembenuzidwe ake, Gideon Jasper Richard Owsley akulemba kuti kusintha koteroko kunachitika m'malamulo a Mulungu omwe aboma sanafune kutsatira. Mwa njira, zitatha zonse kusintha komwe kunapangidwa, komanso kudya nyama, mowa unkaloledwanso.
Potsutsana pomaliza pankhani yodyera nyama, ndikufuna ndikupatseni chitsanzo china chamasuliridwe omasuliridwa molakwika. Pemphero lodziwika bwino kwa Ambuye limayamba ndi mawu akuti: "awoon dwashmaya", Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amawatchula kuti"Atate wathu wakumwamba“. Pakadali pano, zikanakhala zolondola kunena kuti "Atate wathu wamba yemwe ali Kumwamba“. Kungoti Mulungu ndiye tate wa zamoyo zonse ndipo chikondi chake chimakhudza zonse. Kwa ndiwo zamasamba zenizeni, mawu ena a pempheroli ndiofunikanso kwambiri: "Mutipatse ife lero chakudya chathu chalero."
Chiyuda ndi zamasamba
Masiku ano, Chiyuda nthawi zambiri sichilingalira kuti kudya zamasamba ndi lamulo. Pakadali pano, izi zikungotsimikizira zomwe zidalembedwa kuti: "mbadwo watsopano uliwonse umamasulira molakwika Torah“. Kuphatikiza apo, lamulo loyambilira pankhani yazakudya, lolembedwa mu Torah, lotchedwanso Chipangano Chakale, limanenetsa zakufunika kutsatira mfundo zakudya zamasamba. Malinga ndi iye, Mulungu adapatsa anthu mbewu ya chakudya yofesa zitsamba ndi mitengo yazipatso.
Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pa Chigumula, pamene chilolezo chinaperekedwa cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyama, Yehova anayesanso kukhomereza mwa anthu chikondi cha zamasamba. Izi zikuwonetseredwa ndi "mana ochokera kumwamba", Zomwe zinali chakudya chomera. Zachidziwikire, sikuti aliyense anali wokhutira ndi izi, chifukwa pakati pa omwe amayendayenda kunalinso omwe anali ndi njala ya nyama. Mwa njira, Mulungu adapereka kwa omaliza, komabe, ndi matenda owopsa, monga zikuwonekera ndikulowa mu Bukhu la Numeri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ambiri adasokerezedwa ndi ulamuliro womwe udapatsidwa kwa anthu padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amabisalira iwo omwe samatha kudzinenera okha chisangalalo chopitiliza kudya nyama yanyama. Pakadali pano, a Dr. Richard Schwartz pambuyo pake adayankha mafunso onse omwe adalemba. Iye adalongosola kuti kulamulira kumatanthauza kusamalira ndi kusamalira dziko lino lapansi, koma osaphera chakudya.
Malamulo azakudya omwe amaphatikizira zoletsa kudya nyama amathandizanso kudya zamasamba. Malinga ndi iwo, zakudya zonse zamasamba ndi mkaka zimawoneka ngati kosher, kapena zovomerezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama, kuti ikhale, iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndikukonzekera mwanjira yapadera.
Nkhani ya Danieli iyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera. Malinga ndi nthano, iye, pamodzi ndi achinyamata ena atatu, adakhala mkaidi wa mfumu ya ku Babulo. Wachiwiriyu adatumiza wantchito kwa anyamatawo ndi zakudya zabwino kwenikweni, kuphatikiza nyama ndi vinyo, koma Daniel adakana. Adalongosola kukana kwake chifukwa chofuna kuwonetsa mfumuyi mphamvu zodyera masamba ndi madzi okha. Achinyamata adadya kwa masiku 3. Pambuyo pake, matupi awo ndi nkhope zawo zidakhala zokongola kwambiri kuposa za anthu omwe amadya mbale zachifumu.
Ndizosatheka kuti tisakumbukire komwe mawuwo adachokerazojambula"-"nyama“, Zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Talmud. Malinga ndi akale, iyo inali ndi makalata oyamba a mawu otsatirawa: “uliwonse"-"chamanyazi","popanda"-"Njira zowola","kukonzanso"-"nyongolotsi“. Kungoti, pamapeto pake, mawu oti "basar" amayenera kufanana ndi mawu odziwika m'buku loyera, kutsutsa kususuka ndikunena kuti nyama imayambitsa kukula kwa mphutsi.
Vedas ndi zamasamba
Malembo opatulika omwe adalembedwa m'Sanskrit adalimbikitsa zamasamba. Kungoti zinali zoletsedwa kuvulaza zamoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti ndi okhawo omwe adaganiza zopha nyama omwe adatsutsidwa, komanso nawonso omwe pambuyo pake adakhudza, mwachitsanzo, akamadula nyama, kugulitsa, kuphika, kapena kungodya.
Malinga ndi ziphunzitso zakale, moyo uliwonse umalemekezedwa, popeza mzimu umakhala m'thupi lililonse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, otsatira ziphunzitso za Vedic amakhulupirira kuti pali mitundu 8 ya moyo padziko lapansi. Sikuti onse ndi otukuka kwambiri, komabe onse amafunikira ulemu.
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, zikusonyeza kuti kudya zamasamba ndizakale monga dziko lapansi. Ndipo ngakhale mikangano yoyandikana nayo isazime, maubwino ake amachepetsedwa, ndikuvulaza kukokomeza, kumathandiza anthu munjira iliyonse. Khalani wathanzi, wamphamvu, wolimba. Amawakakamiza kukhazikitsa zolinga zatsopano ndikupambana. Zimawapangitsa kukhala achimwemwe, ndipo ichi, mwina, ndiye kufunikira kwake kwakukulu!