Amuna ndi akazi okongola kunja amawoneka kwa ife anzeru, okongola komanso opambana, ngakhale kuti alibe chodzitamandira kupatula kukongola. Zokonda zoterezi zikuwonekera kale mwa ana a chaka chimodzi ndipo zimangowonjezeka ndi zaka.
Nthawi zambiri timauzidwa kuti: "musaweruze ndi maonekedwe", "musabadwe okongola", "musamwe madzi a nkhope yanu". Koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti timayamba kuona ngati munthu akhoza kudalirika patangopita masekondi 0,05 titamuona nkhope yake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu ambiri amaona pafupifupi nkhope zofanana kukhala zodalirika - zokongola. Ngakhale ponena za anthu amtundu wina, malingaliro awo ponena za kukongola kwawo amafanana modabwitsa.
Kuyesa momwe ana amachitira ndi alendo potengera kukopa kwawo, akatswiri a zamaganizo ochokera ku Science and Technology University of Hangzhou (China) adayesa kuyesa komwe ana a 138 azaka 8, 10 ndi 12, komanso (kuyerekeza) ophunzira 371.
Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya pakompyuta, asayansi adapanga zithunzi za nkhope za amuna 200 (mawonekedwe osalowerera ndale, kuyang'ana kutsogolo molunjika) ndipo adafunsa omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu kuti awone ngati nkhopezi zinali zodalirika. Patatha mwezi umodzi, ophunzirawo atakwanitsa kuiwala nkhope zomwe anawonetsedwa, adaitanidwanso ku labotale, kuwonetsa zithunzi zomwezo, ndikufunsidwa kuti ayese kukongola kwakuthupi kwa anthu omwewa.
Ngakhale azaka zisanu ndi zitatu adapeza nkhope zomwezo zokongola komanso zodalirika.
Zinapezeka kuti ana, ngakhale ali ndi zaka 8, amawona nkhope zomwezo kukhala zokongola komanso zodalirika. Komabe, pa msinkhu uwu, ziweruzo za kukongola zikhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Anawo akamakula, nthawi zambiri maganizo awo okhudza yemwe ali wokongola komanso yemwe sali wokongola, ankagwirizana ndi maganizo a anzawo ndi akuluakulu. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti kusagwirizana pakuwunika kwa ana aang'ono kumalumikizidwa ndi kusakhwima kwa ubongo wawo - makamaka otchedwa amygdala, omwe amathandiza kukonza chidziwitso chamalingaliro.
Komabe, pankhani ya kukopa, maonedwe a ana anali ofanana kwambiri ndi a akulu. Mwachiwonekere, timaphunzira kumvetsetsa yemwe ali wokongola ndi yemwe sali, kuyambira ali aang'ono.
Kuonjezera apo, ana nthawi zambiri amasankha kuti ndi ndani amene ali woyenera kukhulupilira, komanso malinga ndi zawo, zofunikira zapadera (mwachitsanzo, ndi mawonekedwe akunja kwa nkhope yawo kapena nkhope ya wachibale).
1 F. Ma et al. "Ziweruzo Zodalirika pa Nkhope ya Ana: Mgwirizano ndi Ubale ndi Kukongola Kwankhope", Frontiers in Psychology, April 2016.