Mastectomy ndi opaleshoni yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsera pang'ono kapena kwathunthu wa m'mawere. Amatchedwanso mastectomy, amachitidwa ndi cholinga chochotsa chotupa cha khansa m'mawere.

Khansa ya m'mawere ikapezeka, pali njira zingapo zochizira.

Mastectomy yonse kapena pang'ono ndiyo njira yovomerezeka kwambiri yochotsera chotupacho, chifukwa imachotsa minyewa yonse yomwe yakhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuyambiranso.

Mitundu iwiri ya njira zothandizira zingaperekedwe:

• la gawo la mastectomy, yotchedwanso lumpectomy kapena opaleshoni yoteteza mawere, imene imaphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupacho ndi kusiya mabere ochuluka monga momwe kungathekere. Panthawiyi, dokotalayo amachotsabe "mbali" ya minofu yathanzi kuzungulira chotupacho kuti atsimikizire kuti sasiya maselo a khansa.
• La mastectomy yonse, ndiko kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa bere lodwala. Amafunika pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa ya m'mawere.

Panthawiyi, ma lymph nodes omwe ali m'khwapa (axillary region) amachotsedwa ndikuwunikidwa kuti awone ngati khansayo yakhala ikupezeka kapena ngati yafalikira. Kutengera ndi vuto, mastectomy iyenera kutsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy kapena radiotherapy (makamaka ngati ili yochepa).

Mastectomy imachitidwa pansi pa anesthesia wamba ndi dokotala-oncologist. Pamafunika masiku angapo kuchipatala.

Nthawi zambiri kugonekedwa ku chipatala kumachitika tsiku lomwelo asanachite opareshoni. Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yothandizira, m'pofunika kukhala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Tsiku lomwelo, muyenera kusamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo kukhwapa kumametedwa musanalowe m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni.

Dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa zonse kapena gawo la mawere a mammary, komanso nsonga ndi areola (pankhani ya kutaya kwathunthu). Chilondacho ndi oblique kapena chopingasa, chotsika momwe ndingathere, ndipo chimafikira kukhwapa.

Nthawi zina, a ntchito yomanganso Opaleshoni yoyika mawere amachitidwa atangochotsedwa (kumanganso nthawi yomweyo), pofuna kupewa njira zingapo, koma mchitidwewu ukadali wosowa.

Kutengera ndi mlanduwu, kugonekedwa m'chipatala kumatenga masiku awiri mpaka 2 pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo, kuti muwone momwe machiritso akuyendera bwino (madontho, otchedwa Redon drains, amayikidwa pambuyo pa opareshoni kuti apewe kudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi pabala).

Painkillers ndi anticoagulants amalembedwa. Chilondacho chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chichiritse (masabata angapo), ndipo ogwira ntchito zachipatala adzakuphunzitsani momwe mungasamalire chilondacho pambuyo poti ma sutures amatha.

Ndi mastectomy pang'ono, kuchotsa chotupacho kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe a bere. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, chithandizo cha radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy chitha kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa mastectomy. Muzochitika zonse, kutsata zachipatala nthawi zonse kudzaonetsetsa kuti palibe kubwereza komanso kuti khansayo siinayambike.