Piramidi ndi chiyani: tanthauzo, zinthu, mitundu, zosankha zagawo

M'bukuli, tiwona tanthauzo, zinthu zazikulu, mitundu ndi zosankha zomwe zingatheke pagawo la piramidi. Zomwe zaperekedwa zimatsagana ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino kuti mumvetsetse bwino.

Piramidi Tanthauzo

Piramidi ndi chithunzi cha geometric mumlengalenga; polyhedron yomwe imakhala ndi maziko ndi nkhope zam'mbali (zokhala ndi vertex wamba), chiwerengero chake chimadalira chiwerengero cha ngodya za maziko.

Zindikirani: piramidi ndi nkhani yapadera.

zinthu za piramidi

Pa chithunzi pamwambapa:

• Base (quadrangle ABCD) - nkhope ya chithunzi chomwe ndi polyhedron. Iye sali mwini wake wapamwamba.
• Pamwamba pa piramidi (mfundo E) ndiye nsonga yofanana ya nkhope zonse.
• Nkhope zam'mbali ndi makona atatu omwe amalumikizana pa vertex. M'malo athu, izi ndi: General Conditions of Purchase, AED, BEC и CED.
• Nthiti zam'mbali - mbali za mbali za nkhope, kupatulapo zomwe zili m'munsi. Iwo. izi ndi AE, BE, CE и DE.
• Kutalika kwa Piramidi (EF or h) - perpendicular inagwa kuchokera pamwamba pa piramidi mpaka pansi.
• Kutalika kwa nkhope (EM) - kutalika kwa makona atatu, omwe ndi mbali ya mbali ya chithunzicho. Mu piramidi wokhazikika amatchedwa zosamveka.
• Pamwamba pa piramidi ndiye gawo la maziko ndi mbali zake zonse. Njira zopezera (chiwerengero cholondola), komanso mapiramidi, amaperekedwa m'mabuku osiyana.

Kukula kwa piramidi - chiwerengero chopezedwa ndi "kudula" piramidi, mwachitsanzo pamene nkhope zake zonse zimagwirizana mu ndege ya mmodzi wa iwo. Kwa piramidi yokhazikika ya quadrangular, chitukuko mu ndege ya maziko ndi motere.

Zindikirani: zoperekedwa m'buku lina.

Mawonedwe a gawo la piramidi

1. Gawo la diagonal - ndege yodula imadutsa pamwamba pa chithunzicho ndi diagonal ya maziko. Piramidi ya quadrangular ili ndi magawo awiri otere (chimodzi pa diagonal iliyonse):

2. Ngati ndege yodula ikufanana ndi maziko a piramidi, imagawaniza ziwerengero ziwiri: piramidi yofanana (kuwerengera kuchokera pamwamba) ndi piramidi ya truncated (kuwerengera kuchokera pansi). Gawoli ndi polygon ngati maziko.

Pachithunzichi:

• mapiramidi Mtengo wa EABCD и EA₁B₁C₁D₁ zofanana;
• quadrangles ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁ nawonso amafanana.

Zindikirani: Palinso mitundu ina ya kudula, koma si ambiri.

Mitundu ya mapiramidi

1. Piramidi yokhazikika - maziko a chiwerengerocho ndi polygon wokhazikika, ndipo vertex yake ikuwonetseratu pakati pa maziko. Ikhoza kukhala katatu, quadrangular (chithunzi pansipa), pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.
2. Piramidi yokhala ndi mbali m'mphepete perpendicular m'munsi - imodzi mwa m'mphepete mwa chifanizirocho ili pamtunda woyenera ku ndege ya maziko. Pankhaniyi, m'mphepete mwake ndi kutalika kwa piramidi.
3. Piramidi yotsekedwa - gawo la piramidi lomwe limakhala pakati pa maziko ake ndi ndege yodula yofanana ndi maziko awa.
4. Tethedhedron - Iyi ndi piramidi ya triangular, yomwe nkhope yake ndi makona atatu, iliyonse yomwe ingatengedwe ngati maziko. Ndi zolondola (monga momwe zilili m’chithunzichi) – ngati m’mbali zonse muli ofanana, mwachitsanzo, nkhope zonse zimakhala ndi makona atatu ofanana.