Matenda a Behçet ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha ya magazi. Imawonetseredwa makamaka ndi zilonda zam'kamwa kapena kumaliseche, komanso kuwonongeka kwa maso, khungu kapena mafupa. Mawonetseredwe oopsa kwambiri amakhala kuwonongeka kwa minyewa kapena m'mimba, venous thrombosis ndi arterial aneurysms komanso kuwonongeka kwa maso komwe kungayambitse khungu. Chithandizo chimakhala ndi zizindikiro ndipo zingaphatikizepo colchicine ndi corticosteroids okhala ndi kapena opanda ma immunosuppressants kuti awonetsere kwambiri.

Matendawa adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi dermatologist Behçet mu 1934. Amatchula matenda otupa omwe angaphatikizepo vasculitis, ndiko kutupa, kwa mitsempha ndi / kapena mitsempha yazing'ono kapena zazikulu. , komanso thromboses, ndiko kunena kuti kuundana kwa magazi m'mitsempha ndi / kapena mitsempha.

Matenda a Behçet amafala kwambiri ku Mediterranean Basin komanso ku Japan. Zimakhudza amuna ndi akazi koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri mwa amuna. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 40 ndipo zimatha kuwonedwa mwa ana. 

Imakula pang'onopang'ono, yolumikizidwa ndi nthawi ya chikhululukiro. Nthawi zina zimatha kupha, kutsatira zovuta zamanjenje, mitsempha yamagazi (kupasuka kwa aneurysm) kapena matenda am'mimba. Odwala ambiri pamapeto pake amapita kuchikhululukiro.

Choyambitsa matenda a Behçet sichidziwika. 

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi, kuphatikiza zoyambitsa autoimmune, ndi ma virus (monga kachilombo ka herpes) kapena mabakiteriya (mwachitsanzo streptococci) atha kukhala nawo. HLA-B51 allele ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu. Zowonadi, onyamula a allelewa ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matendawa 1,5 mpaka 16 nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi osanyamula.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala a matenda a Behçet ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kulepheretsa zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuwonongeka kwapakhungu monga zilonda zamkamwa zomwe zimapezeka mu 98% ya milandu, zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka mu 60% ya milandu ndipo makamaka zimakhala mwa amuna pa scrotum, pseudo-folliculitis, dermo-hypodermic nodules omwe amapezeka mu 30 mpaka 40% ya milandu;
• kuwonongeka kwamagulu, monga arthralgia ndi oligoarthritis yotupa yamagulu akuluakulu (mabondo, akakolo), omwe amapezeka mu 50% ya milandu;
• kuwonongeka kwa minofu, m'malo osowa;
• kuwonongeka kwa maso, monga uveitis, hypopyon kapena choroiditis, yomwe ilipo mu 60% ya milandu, ndipo imayambitsa mavuto aakulu monga cataracts, glaucoma, khungu;
• kuwonongeka kwa minyewa kumachitika mu 20% ya milandu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi kutentha thupi komanso mutu. Iwo monga meningoencephalitis, kuwonongeka kwa minyewa cranial, thrombophlebitis mu ubongo sinuses;
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha: thrombosis ya venous, nthawi zambiri yowonekera, imapezeka mu 30 mpaka 40% ya milandu; kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kawirikawiri, monga kutupa kwa arteritis kapena aneurysms;
• matenda a mtima, osowa, monga myocarditis, endocarditis kapena pericarditis; 
• matenda a m'mimba, osowa ku Ulaya, iwo akuwonetseredwa ndi kusapeza m'mimba, kupweteka kwa m'mimba ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba, mofanana ndi kuphulika kwa matenda a Crohn kapena ulcerative colitis;
• matenda ena osowa amatha, makamaka aimpso ndi testicular.

Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Behçet. Thandizo lomwe lilipo ndi cholinga chothana ndi matendawa pochepetsa kutupa.

Ulamuliro wa matenda a Behçet ndi wosiyanasiyana (dokotala wamkulu, ophthalmologist, internist, etc.). Chithandizo chimadalira mawonekedwe azachipatala:

• colchicine (1 mpaka 2 milligrams patsiku) imakhalabe maziko a chithandizo, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa khungu ndi mafupa. Zitha kukhala zokwanira mu mawonekedwe ofatsa;
• minyewa, ocular ndi mitsempha kuwonongeka kumafuna chithandizo ndi corticosteroids kapena immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate) ndi dongosolo;
• mu mitundu ina yovuta kwambiri, alpha interferon angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi subcutaneous jakisoni;
• anti-TNF alpha antibodies amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira mumitundu yoopsa ya matendawa kapena mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi mankhwala am'mbuyomu;
• mankhwala am'deralo, makamaka mawonekedwe akhungu, atha kukhala othandiza (madontho a m'maso opangidwa ndi corticosteroids ophatikizidwa ndi madontho a m'maso kuti achepetse mwana kuti apewe zovuta za uveitis);
• Oral anticoagulants omwe amapangidwa kuti achepetse magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza thrombosis.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya kusuta fodya, kusuta fodya kukhala chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Kumwa ma corticosteroids, makamaka pamlingo waukulu, kuyenera kutsagana ndi zakudya zopanda shuga ndi mchere. Pakakhala kupweteka kwamagulu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, kupatula kukankhira, kungathandize kusunga kusinthasintha kwa ziwalo ndi mphamvu za minofu.

Potsirizira pake, popeza kuti matenda a Behçet angayambitse nkhaŵa ndi kusintha mmene munthu amadzionera, chithandizo chamaganizo chingathandize kuvomereza bwino matenda ake ndi kulimbana nawo bwino lomwe tsiku ndi tsiku.