Matenda a manda amakhudzana ndi hyperthyroidism, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi: mtima, kupuma, minofu, ndi ena.

Matenda a manda, omwe amatchedwanso exophthalmic goiter, amadziwika ndi hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism ndiyomwe imafotokozedwa ndikupanga kwambiri (kuposa zomwe thupi limafunikira) mahomoni a chithokomiro, opangidwa ndi chithokomiro. Yotsirizira ndi chotupa cha endocrine, chotulutsa mahomoni ofunikira pakukhazikitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Ili kumapeto kwa khosi, pansi pa kholingo.

Chithokomiro chimapanga mahomoni awiri akulu: triiodothyronine (T3) ndi thyroxine (T4). Yoyamba kupangidwa kuchokera kwachiwiri. Triiodothyronine ndiyonso mahomoni omwe amatenga nawo mbali kwambiri pakukula kwamatenda ambiri amthupi. Mahomoniwa amazungulira thupi kudzera m'magazi. Kenako amagawidwa kuti akhudze ziphuphu ndi maselo.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake (kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zamagetsi komwe kamalola kuti thupi lizikhala lofanana). Amathandizanso pakukula kwaubongo, amalola kuti magwiridwe antchito apumule, mtima kapena dongosolo lamanjenje. Mahomoni amenewa amathandizanso kutentha kwa thupi, kamvekedwe ka minofu, kusamba, kulemera komanso ngakhale cholesterol. Mwanjira imeneyi, hyperthyroidism ndiye imayambitsa zovuta, zosafunikira kwenikweni, mkati mwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

Mahomoni a chithokomiro amathandizidwa ndi mahomoni ena: hormone ya thyreotropic (TSH). Yotsirizira imapangidwa ndi pituitary gland (endocrine gland yomwe ilipo muubongo). Pamene mahomoni a chithokomiro ali ochepa kwambiri m'magazi, chithokomiro chimatulutsa TSH yambiri. Mosiyana, potengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro, chithokomiro cha ubongo chimayankha izi, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa TSH.

Potengera pakati, mimba yahyperthyroidism zingayambitse mavuto aakulu kwa mayi ndi mwana. Zingayambitse kuchotsa mowiriza mimba, kubereka msanga, malformations mu mwana wosabadwayo kapena ngakhale mavuto ogwira ntchito mwa mwana. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuwunika kwambiri amayi apakati odwala akuyenera kuchitidwa.

Matenda a manda ndi hyperthyroidism yokhayokha. Kapena matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma antibodies (mamolekyulu amthupi) omwe amatha kulimbikitsa chithokomiro. Ma antibodies awa amatchedwa: anti-TSH receptors, otchedwa: TRAK.

Kuzindikira kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ngati mayeso a TRAK antibody atapezeka.

Chithandizo chamankhwala cha matendawa chimadalira pamlingo wa ma antibodies a TRAK omwe amayesedwa m'magazi.

Ma antibodies ena amathanso kukhala mutu wamatenda a Manda. Izi zimakhudza pakati pa 30% ndi 50% ya odwala.

Matenda a manda amatha kukhudza aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, atsikana azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 30 amadandaula kwambiri ndi matendawa.

Hyperthyroidism, yolumikizana mwachindunji ndi matenda a Manda, imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zina. Makamaka:

• thermophobia, kaya yotentha, manja thukuta, kapena thukuta kwambiri
• kutsekula
• kuwonda kowoneka, ndipo popanda chifukwa chenicheni
• kumva mantha
• kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima tachycardia
• kulephera kupuma, ziphuphu
• za 'oopsa
• minofu yofooka
• kutopa kwambiri

Matendawa ndi othandiza chifukwa cha zomwe wodwalayo amamva. Izi zitha kuthandizidwa ndikuchita ultrasound ya goiter, kapena ngakhale pakujambula scintigraphy.

Pamalo a Basedowian exophthalmos, zizindikilo zina zamankhwala zimadziwika: maso oyaka, kutupa kwa zikope, maso akulira, chidwi chowala cha kuwala (photophobia), kupweteka kwamaso, ndi ena. Chojambuliracho chitha kutsimikizira kapena kukana mawonekedwe oyambira.

Chidziwitso chachikulu ndichochipatala komanso chowoneka. Gawo lotsatira ndikuchita mayeso owonjezera azachipatala (scanner, ultrasound, etc.) komanso mayeso a chilengedwe. Izi zimapangitsa kusanthula mulingo wa TSH m'magazi, komanso mahomoni a chithokomiro T3 ndi T4. Kusanthula kwachilengedwe kumeneku kumapangitsa, makamaka, kuwunika kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Poyamba, chithandizo ndi mankhwala. Zimabweretsa kulembedwa kwa Neomercazole (NMZ), pamiyezi pafupifupi 18. Mankhwalawa amasiyanasiyana kutengera mulingo wa T3 ndi T4 m'magazi ndipo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa, kamodzi pamlungu. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, monga kutentha thupi kapena kukula kwa zilonda zapakhosi.

Gawo lachiwiri, nthawi zovuta kwambiri, chithandizocho chimachitidwa opaleshoni. Njirayi imakhala ndi thyroidectomy.

Ponena za Basedowian exophthalmos, izi zimathandizidwa ndi corticosteroids potengera kutupa kwamaso koopsa.