Kodi narrative psychology ndi chiyani ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe zilimo?

Moni, owerenga okondedwa a Valery Kharlamov's blog! Narrative psychology ndi chitsogozo mu psychology yomwe imawona nkhani zopangidwa ndi anthu kuti adzimvetsetse bwino komanso dziko lozungulira, potero amathandizira kuchotsa malingaliro olakwika komanso malingaliro opangidwa molakwika omwe sapindula, koma amangolepheretsa. Ndipo lero tiwona njira zazikulu ndi mitu yomwe njira iyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri.

Mbiri yazomwe zachitika

Kusamalira nkhani, zomwe zimamasulira kuchokera ku Chingerezi ngati chiwembu, zinayamba kale mu 1930 chifukwa cha katswiri wa zamaganizo wa Harvard Henry Murray. Adapanga mayeso ogwira mtima komanso odziwika bwino a thematic apperception. Chofunikira chake ndi chakuti phunzirolo, lochokera pazithunzi zomwe zasankhidwa zakuda ndi zoyera, ziyenera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko, zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi momwe zimathera.

Henry ankakhulupirira kuti munthu mosakayikira adzapatsa anthu omwe atchulidwawo ndi khalidwe lomwe liri ndi khalidwe lake. Zinthu zomwe amazizindikira kapena kuzikana mwa iyemwini, motero amadzizindikiritsa nazo.

Ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1980, katswiri wa zamaganizo Jerome Bruner anapereka umboni wakuti munthu amagwiritsa ntchito nkhani osati kungofotokoza za iye mwini, komanso kupanga, kukonza zomwe apeza. Ankakhulupirira kuti mwanayo amaphunzira kupeka nkhani asanalankhule kapenanso kumvetsa zimene zikunenedwa kwa iye. Ndipo kuzungulira zaka izi, Michael White ndi David Epston adapanga njira iyi, kuthandiza kuchiritsa, kuzindikira komanso kusintha moyo wanu.

Thupi

Kufotokozera

Munthu aliyense, kulankhulana, amasonyeza interlocutor zomwe zinachitikira mothandizidwa ndi nkhani za iye. Kodi mwaona kuti anthu omwe ali mumkhalidwe womwewo amafotokoza mosiyanasiyana, kuluka nthawi zina zokumana nazo zotsutsana kwambiri m'nkhaniyo? Osati chifukwa chakuti mmodzi wa iwo akunama, koma chifukwa amaona izo zochokera prism ya maganizo osiyana pa moyo, malingaliro za iwo eni ndi moyo, anapeza zinachitikira.

Kodi mwaona kuti mumauza anthu osiyanasiyana za mlandu womwewo m'njira zosiyanasiyana? Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mumaganizira za umunthu wa munthu wina ndi njira zomwe amachitira, komanso zomwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa. Ndipo kwa aliyense mkhalidwe womwewo udzamveka mosiyana. Kupatula apo, mukufuna kuthandizidwa ndi wina, kuzindikirika ndi wina, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti wina awonetsere kuti ndi wamkulu.

Njirayi imathandizira kuwona vuto lina mwatsopano, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wothana nalo ndikuwongolera moyo wanu. Kupatula apo, zonse zomwe zimatichitikira, timawona kuti ndizokhazikika, ndikungoyang'ana ma nuances ofunika komanso odziwika bwino.

Mwachitsanzo

Mwana akabadwa, alibe malingaliro okhudza iye mwini, ndipo poyamba amadziona ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi amayi ake. Ndipo pokhapo, akukula, amapeza kuti ndi ndani, dzina lake ndi chiyani, ndi makhalidwe ati omwe adapatsidwa, ndi dzina la chikhalidwe chilichonse chomwe ayenera kukhalamo.

Ngati makolo, omwe amawakhulupirira mopanda malire, akunena kuti, ndithudi, ndi zolinga zabwino, akufuna kumulimbikitsa kuti atsimikizire zosiyana, kuti ndi woipa komanso wosamvera, ndiye kuti adzadalira chidziwitso ichi m'tsogolomu. Ndiko kuti, padzakhala nkhani imene iye adzasonyezadi zaukali, pambuyo pake adzazilukira m’chifanizo chake. Nditapanga nkhani yokhala ndi umboni wamunthu uyu. Ndiyeno zigawo zina zonse, kumene adzamva chifundo, chikhumbo chothandizira, chidzanyalanyazidwa.

Zimenezi zimatchedwa chisamaliro chosankha, pamene munthu akuyang’ana chitsimikiziro cha ziweruzo zake zina. Kotero, mosadziwa kufunikira kwa zochitika zonse m'moyo kuti zikhale zogwirizana komanso zogwirizana, sanadzipereke kupita ku mayiko a ku Africa kukasamalira ana omwe ali ndi njala. Ngakhale, ngati mumaganizira mozama, malingaliro ndi zilakolako zoterezi zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, zimangoponderezedwa nthawi yomweyo. Munthu wankhanza ndi waukali sangatsutse maonekedwe ake.

Momwemonso, anthu abwino komanso abwino amakhala ndi zigoba zawo m'chipinda, momwe amasonyezera kuti alibe chidwi ndi chiwawa, nthawi yomweyo amasokoneza zochitika zoterezi kuti asasokoneze nkhaniyo.

Psychology yofotokozera, kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zaperekedwa, zimakulolani kuti mupeze chithunzi chenicheni. Kuthandiza kupeza zochitika zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zikhulupiriro za kasitomala. Kodi mungaganizire kuti timadziletsa kangati, ndipo ndi malingaliro angati olakwika okhudza umunthu wathu omwe tili nawo chifukwa chakuti tinasankha kudalira maganizo a anthu ena?

Mitu yoperekedwa ndi njira iyi

1. Zovuta mu ubale pakati pa anthu, komanso mavuto a m'banja.
2. Mkati mwamunthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu sapeza cholinga cha moyo, mvetsani cholinga chake, ngati sakudziwa zimene akufuna kapena mmene angapezere zimene akufuna. Pakabuka mkangano wa zosowa, ndipo samamvetsetsa momwe angachitire ndi yemwe angasankhe kukwaniritsa. Ngati kupotoza kudzikonda kwapangidwa, komanso pakakhala zovuta komanso kukhala ndi moyo wambiri wamalingaliro oyipa.
3. Zabungwe. Zimakulolani kuti mupange maubwenzi mu gulu ndikuyika zonse m'malo mwake.
4. Social. Pakachitika zachiwawa, zadzidzidzi ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu.
5. zoopsa ndi zovuta. Pankhani ya matenda oopsa kapena oopsa, ndizotheka "kukambirana" nawo, kuzindikira zomwe apatsidwa, komanso kuphunzira momwe angathanirane nawo.
6. Imathandiza ana ndi achinyamata kumvetsa chimene iwo ali kwenikweni, kuwaphunzitsa kudalira maganizo awo ndi kuyang'ana mipata m'moyo.

Njira zoyambira

Gawo 1: Kutulutsa kunja

Mawu oipawa amatanthauza kuyesa «kuchita» munthu kupitirira malire a vuto. Kotero kuti amuyang'ane kuchokera kunja, popanda kutenga nawo mbali m'maganizo komanso popanda "kukoka" zomwe zinapezedwa kale mumkhalidwe wofanana. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, pamene chidziŵitso choyenerera chonena za umunthu wake “chimakhala” mkati mwake, chidzakhudza zochita zake, maunansi ake, ndi zina zotero.

Nkhani ikhoza kuyambitsa malingaliro odziimba mlandu ndi manyazi omwe ali poizoni m'thupi. Chifukwa chiyani munthu sangamve chisangalalo cha moyo? Chifukwa chidzakhala mumkhalidwe woyembekezera kutsutsidwa, chilango, ndi zina zotero. Njira monga kufufuza, kulongosola, kupanga mapu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti kasitomala akupereka gawo lovuta m'moyo, lomwe amawona ngati vuto. Koma wodwala amapeza zifukwa zosiyana kwambiri za zovuta zake.

Choncho, m’pofunika kufufuza bwinobwino nkhaniyo. Ngati zonse zili zomveka, ndiye muyenera mapu - kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa vuto pakukhala kwa kasitomala, komwe kumafikirako, komanso kuvulaza komwe kumayambitsa.

Pochita izi, ndikofunikira kuganizira zinthu monga:

• Kutalika. Ndiko kuti, nthawi yomwe imamudetsa nkhawa, nthawi yomwe idayamba ndendende, ndi kusintha kotani komwe kwachitika pakukhalapo. Nthawi zina, mutha kulota ndikuyesa kuyembekezera zotsatira zomwe zingachitike.
• Latitude. Pophunzira kukula kwa kufalikira kwa zotsatira zoipa za zovuta, madera monga kumverera, maubwenzi, chuma, chikhalidwe, thanzi, ntchito, kupambana, kupindula, etc.
• kuzama. Zikuwonekeratu kuti vutolo linali lalikulu bwanji komanso kuchuluka kwake komwe limayambitsa zovuta. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kufunsa mafunso okhudza momwe zimapwetekera, zowopsa, ndi zina zambiri, kapena kuwafunsa kuti awonetse pamlingo, kunena, kuyambira 1 mpaka 10, momwe zimasokoneza moyo, pomwe 1 - sichimasokoneza konse, ndi 10 - palibe mphamvu kupirira.

5 zidule zina

Kulengeza. Panthawiyi, funso loti ndani ndi phindu lanji kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chomwe chinachitika mwa munthu amene adatembenukira kwa wothandizira chikufufuzidwa.

kuchira. Itanani anthu ena kuti apereke ndemanga pa nkhani ya kasitomala. Ndiko kuti, zomwe amamva pamene akumvetsera, maganizo ndi zithunzi zomwe zinabuka.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mboni zakunja. Ndiko kuti, omwe atenga nawo gawo pamwambapa amagawana zomwe akumana nazo. Amapereka malingaliro okhudza momwe nkhaniyo idakhalira yothandiza komanso zomwe ingaphunzitse, kuchenjeza.

Kulemba makalata. Kuphatikiza apo, satifiketi, ma dipuloma ndi satifiketi amapangidwa.

Madera. Magulu owoneka bwino amapangidwa, pomwe njira ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana amasonyezedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta za moyo.

Kutsiliza

Ndipo ndizo zonse lero, owerenga okondedwa! Kuti muthandizire chikhumbo chanu chofuna kudzikuza, ndikupangira kuti muwerenge nkhani yakuti "Mitundu yayikulu yadziko lapansi ndi momwe mungafotokozere?". Dzisamalireni nokha ndi okondedwa!